hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/python-internal-read-gadgets.md

Python Internal Read Gadgets

Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Other ways to support HackTricks:

• If you want to see your company advertised in HackTricks or download HackTricks in PDF Check the SUBSCRIPTION PLANS!
• Get the official PEASS & HackTricks swag
• Discover The PEASS Family, our collection of exclusive NFTs
• Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
• Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.

Basic Information

Different vulnerabilities such as Python Format Strings or Class Pollution might allow you to read python internal data but won't allow you to execute code. Therefore, a pentester will need to make the most of these read permissions to obtain sensitive privileges and escalate the vulnerability.

Flask - Read secret key

The main page of a Flask application will probably have the app global object where this secret is configured.

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.secret_key = '(:secret:)'

ghItlh vItlhutlh 'ejwI' ghItlh Bypass Python sandboxes page gadget 'e' access 'e' object 'e'.

'ejwI' vulnerability 'e' python file 'e' vItlhutlh gadget 'e' files 'e' traverse 'e' main 'e' 'ej 'e' global object app.secret_key 'e' access 'e' Flask secret key 'ej 'e' escalate privileges 'e'.

payload 'e' 'ej [writeup 'e' 'e' (https://ctftime.org/writeup/36082)]:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}

__init__.__globals__.__loader__.__init__.__globals__.sys.modules.__main__.app.secret_key

{% endcode %}

app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) ghItlh (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) app.secret_key (app-ghItlh) **

{ua.__class__.__init__.__globals__[t].sys.modules[werkzeug.debug]._machine_id}
{ua.__class__.__init__.__globals__[t].sys.modules[werkzeug.debug].uuid._node}

{% hint style="warning" %} Qapla'! Qa'vIn app.py server local path ghItlh web page error ghItlh path. {% endhint %}

vulnerability python file vIlegh Flask trick previous access objects.

Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

HackTricks support ways:

• company advertised HackTricks download HackTricks PDF SUBSCRIPTION PLANS Check!
• official PEASS & HackTricks swag Get
• The PEASS Family Discover exclusive NFTs collection our Check
• Join 💬 Discord group telegram group follow Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
• Share hacking tricks submitting PRs HackTricks HackTricks Cloud github repos.