hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/python-internal-read-gadgets.md

# Python Internal Read Gadgets

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## Basic Information

Different vulnerabilities such as [**Python Format Strings**](bypass-python-sandboxes/#python-format-string) or [**Class Pollution**](class-pollution-pythons-prototype-pollution.md) might allow you to **read python internal data but won't allow you to execute code**. Therefore, a pentester will need to make the most of these read permissions to **obtain sensitive privileges and escalate the vulnerability**.

### Flask - Read secret key

The main page of a Flask application will probably have the **`app`** global object where this **secret is configured**.
```python
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.secret_key = '(:secret:)'
```
**ghItlh** vItlhutlh **'ejwI'** **ghItlh** **[Bypass Python sandboxes page](bypass-python-sandboxes/)** **gadget** **'e'** **access** **'e'** **object** **'e'**.

**'ejwI'** **vulnerability** **'e'** **python file** **'e'** **vItlhutlh** **gadget** **'e'** **files** **'e'** **traverse** **'e'** **main** **'e'** **'ej** **'e'** **global object `app.secret_key`** **'e'** **access** **'e'** **Flask secret key** **'ej** **'e'** **[escalate privileges](../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/flask.md#flask-unsign)** **'e'**.

**payload** **'e'** **'ej** **[writeup** **'e'** **'e'** **(https://ctftime.org/writeup/36082)]**:

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```python
__init__.__globals__.__loader__.__init__.__globals__.sys.modules.__main__.app.secret_key
```
{% endcode %}

**app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **ghItlh** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.secret_key** (app-ghItlh) **app.s
```python
{ua.__class__.__init__.__globals__[t].sys.modules[werkzeug.debug]._machine_id}
{ua.__class__.__init__.__globals__[t].sys.modules[werkzeug.debug].uuid._node}
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
Qapla'! Qa'vIn **`app.py`** **server local path** **ghItlh** **web page** **error** **ghItlh** **path**.
{% endhint %}

**vulnerability** **python file** **vIlegh** **Flask trick** **previous** **access** **objects**.

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