hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-imap.md

# 143,993 - Pentesting IMAP

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***

## 互联网消息访问协议

**互联网消息访问协议（IMAP）**旨在使用户能够通过互联网连接从任何位置**访问其电子邮件消息**。实质上，电子邮件**保留在服务器上**，而不是下载并存储在个人设备上。这意味着当电子邮件被访问或阅读时，是直接从服务器上进行的。这种能力允许方便地从**多个设备**检查电子邮件，确保无论使用哪种设备，都不会错过任何消息。

默认情况下，IMAP协议在两个端口上运行：

* **端口143** - 这是默认的IMAP非加密端口
* **端口993** - 这是您需要使用的端口，如果要安全地使用IMAP进行连接
```
PORT    STATE SERVICE REASON
143/tcp open  imap    syn-ack
```
## 横幅抓取
```bash
nc -nv <IP> 143
openssl s_client -connect <IP>:993 -quiet
```
### NTLM认证 - 信息泄露

如果服务器支持NTLM认证（Windows），您可以获取敏感信息（版本）：
```
root@kali: telnet example.com 143
* OK The Microsoft Exchange IMAP4 service is ready.
>> a1 AUTHENTICATE NTLM
+
>> TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAB4IIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
+ TlRMTVNTUAACAAAACgAKADgAAAAFgooCBqqVKFrKPCMAAAAAAAAAAEgASABCAAAABgOAJQAAAA9JAEkAUwAwADEAAgAKAEkASQBTADAAMQABAAoASQBJAFMAMAAxAAQACgBJAEkAUwAwADEAAwAKAEkASQBTADAAMQAHAAgAHwMI0VPy1QEAAAAA
```
或者使用 **nmap** 插件 `imap-ntlm-info.nse` 来 **自动化** 这个过程。

### [IMAP暴力破解](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#imap)

## 语法

IMAP命令示例来自[这里](https://donsutherland.org/crib/imap):
```
Login
A1 LOGIN username password
Values can be quoted to enclose spaces and special characters. A " must then be escape with a \
A1 LOGIN "username" "password"

List Folders/Mailboxes
A1 LIST "" *
A1 LIST INBOX *
A1 LIST "Archive" *

Create new Folder/Mailbox
A1 CREATE INBOX.Archive.2012
A1 CREATE "To Read"

Delete Folder/Mailbox
A1 DELETE INBOX.Archive.2012
A1 DELETE "To Read"

Rename Folder/Mailbox
A1 RENAME "INBOX.One" "INBOX.Two"

List Subscribed Mailboxes
A1 LSUB "" *

Status of Mailbox (There are more flags than the ones listed)
A1 STATUS INBOX (MESSAGES UNSEEN RECENT)

Select a mailbox
A1 SELECT INBOX

List messages
A1 FETCH 1:* (FLAGS)
A1 UID FETCH 1:* (FLAGS)

Retrieve Message Content
A1 FETCH 2 body[text]
A1 FETCH 2 all
A1 UID FETCH 102 (UID RFC822.SIZE BODY.PEEK[])

Close Mailbox
A1 CLOSE

Logout
A1 LOGOUT
```
### 演进
```
apt install evolution
```
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (528).png>)

### CURL

使用[CURL](https://ec.haxx.se/usingcurl/usingcurl-reademail#imap)可以进行基本导航，但文档细节较少，建议查看[源代码](https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/master/lib/imap.c)以获取精确细节。

1.  列出邮箱（imap 命令 `LIST "" "*"`）
```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/' --user user:pass
```
2. 在邮箱中列出消息（imap命令`SELECT INBOX`然后`SEARCH ALL`）

```bash
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX?ALL' --user user:pass```
```

The result of this search is a list of message indicies.

Its also possible to provide more complex search terms. e.g. searching for drafts with password in mail body:

```bash
```plaintext
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/Drafts?TEXT password' --user user:pass
```

---

```plaintext
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/Drafts?TEXT password' --user user:pass
```
```

A nice overview of the search terms possible is located [here](https://www.atmail.com/blog/imap-commands/).

3.  Downloading a message (imap command `SELECT Drafts` and then `FETCH 1 BODY[]`)

```bash
```plaintext
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/Drafts;MAILINDEX=1' --user user:pass
```

```plaintext
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/Drafts;MAILINDEX=1' --user user:pass
```
```

The mail index will be the same index returned from the search operation.

It is also possible to use `UID` (unique id) to access messages, however it is less conveniant as the search command needs to be manually formatted. E.g.

```bash
```plaintext
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX' -X 'UID SEARCH ALL' --user user:pass
curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX;UID=1' --user user:pass
```
```

Also, possible to download just parts of a message, e.g. subject and sender of first 5 messages (the `-v` is required to see the subject and sender):

```bash
```plaintext
$ curl -k 'imaps://1.2.3.4/INBOX' -X 'FETCH 1:5 BODY[HEADER.FIELDS (SUBJECT FROM)]' --user user:pass -v 2>&1 | grep '^<'
```
```

Although, its probably cleaner to just write a little for loop:

```bash
```bash
for m in {1..5}; do
echo $m
curl "imap://1.2.3.4/INBOX;MAILINDEX=$m;SECTION=HEADER.FIELDS%20(SUBJECT%20FROM)" --user user:pass
done
```
```

## Shodan

* `port:143 CAPABILITY`
* `port:993 CAPABILITY`

## HackTricks Automatic Commands

```
```markdown
Protocol_Name: IMAP    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  143,993     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Internet Message Access Protocol         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for WHOIS
Note: |
  互联网消息访问协议（IMAP）旨在使用户能够通过互联网连接从任何位置访问其电子邮件消息。实质上，电子邮件保留在服务器上，而不是下载并存储在个人设备上。这意味着当电子邮件被访问或阅读时，是直接从服务器上进行的。这种功能允许从多个设备检查电子邮件，确保无论使用哪种设备，都不会错过任何消息。

  https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-imap

Entry_2:
Name: Banner Grab
Description: Banner Grab 143
Command: nc -nv {IP} 143

Entry_3:
Name: Secure Banner Grab
Description: Banner Grab 993
Command: openssl s_client -connect {IP}:993 -quiet

Entry_4:
Name: consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: IMAP enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/imap/imap_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 143; run; exit'
```
```

<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (675).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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