> AppLocker is a security feature in Microsoft Windows that provides administrators with the ability to control which applications and files users are allowed to run on their systems. The rules can be based on various criteria, such as the file path, file publisher, or file hash, and can be applied to specific users or groups.
Refer to [PayloadsAllTheThings/Windows - DPAPI.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20DPAPI.md)
> The Anti-Malware Scan Interface (AMSI) is a Windows API (Application Programming Interface) that provides a unified interface for applications and services to integrate with any anti-malware product installed on a system. The API allows anti-malware solutions to scan files and scripts at runtime, and provides a means for applications to request a scan of specific content.
Find more AMSI bypass: [Windows - AMSI Bypass.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20AMSI%20Bypass.md)
> Just-Enough-Administration (JEA) is a feature in Microsoft Windows Server that allows administrators to delegate specific administrative tasks to non-administrative users. JEA provides a secure and controlled way to grant limited, just-enough access to systems, while ensuring that the user cannot perform unintended actions or access sensitive information.
* Bypass using COM: [xpn/COM_to_registry.ps1](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/xpn/1e9e879fab3e9ebfd236f5e4fdcfb7f1/raw/ceb39a9d5b0402f98e8d3d9723b0bd19a84ac23e/COM_to_registry.ps1)
* Bypass using your own Powershell DLL: [p3nt4/PowerShdll](https://github.com/p3nt4/PowerShdll) & [iomoath/PowerShx](https://github.com/iomoath/PowerShx)
```ps1
rundll32 PowerShdll,main <script>
rundll32 PowerShdll,main -h Display this message
rundll32 PowerShdll,main -f <path> Run the script passed as argument
rundll32 PowerShdll,main -w Start an interactive console in a new window (Default)
rundll32 PowerShdll,main -i Start an interactive console in this console
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -e <PSscripttorun>
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -f <path> Run the script passed as argument
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -f <path> -c <PSCmdlet> Load a script and run a PS cmdlet
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -w Start an interactive console in a new window
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -i Start an interactive console
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -s Attempt to bypass AMSI
rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -v Print Execution Output to the console
> Once Script Block Logging is enabled, the script blocks and commands that are executed will be recorded in the Windows event log under the "Windows PowerShell" channel. To view the logs, administrators can use the Event Viewer application and navigate to the "Windows PowerShell" channel.
Protected Process Light (PPL) is implemented as a Windows security mechanism that enables processes to be marked as "protected" and run in a secure, isolated environment, where they are shielded from attacks by malware or other unauthorized processes. PPL is used to protect processes that are critical to the operation of the operating system, such as anti-virus software, firewalls, and other security-related processes.
When a process is marked as "protected" using PPL, it is assigned a security level that determines the level of protection it will receive. This security level can be set to one of several levels, ranging from low to high. Processes that are assigned a higher security level are given more protection than those that are assigned a lower security level.
A process's protection is defined by a combination of the "level" and the "signer". The following table represent commonly used combinations, from [itm4n.github.io](https://itm4n.github.io/lsass-runasppl/).
PPL works by restricting access to the protected process's memory and system resources, and by preventing the process from being modified or terminated by other processes or users. The process is also isolated from other processes running on the system, which helps prevent attacks that attempt to exploit shared resources or dependencies.
* Protected process example: you can't kill Microsoft Defender even with Administrator privilege.
```ps1
taskkill /f /im MsMpEng.exe
ERROR: The process "MsMpEng.exe" with PID 5784 could not be terminated.
Reason: Access is denied.
```
* Can be disabled using vulnerable drivers (Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver / BYOVD)
## Credential Guard
When Credential Guard is enabled, it uses hardware-based virtualization to create a secure environment that is separate from the operating system. This secure environment is used to store sensitive credential information, which is encrypted and protected from unauthorized access.
Credential Guard uses a combination of hardware-based virtualization and the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to ensure that the secure kernel is trusted and secure. It can be enabled on devices that have a compatible processor and TPM version, and require a UEFI firmware that supports the necessary features.
ETW (Event Tracing for Windows) is a Windows-based logging mechanism that provides a way to collect and analyze system events and performance data in real-time. ETW allows developers and system administrators to gather detailed information about system performance and behavior, which can be used for troubleshooting, optimization, and security purposes.
The `Microsoft-Windows-Threat-Intelligence` provider corresponds to ETWTI, an additional security feature that an EDR can subscribe to and identify malicious uses of APIs (e.g. process injection).
The most common bypassing technique is patching the function `EtwEventWrite` which is called to write/log ETW events. You can list the providers registered for a process with `logman query providers -pid <PID>`
> Windows Defender Application Guard, formerly known as Device Guard has the power to control if an application may or may not be executed on a Windows device. WDAC will prevent the execution, running, and loading of unwanted or malicious code, drivers, and scripts. WDAC does not trust any software it does not know of.
* Device Guard example policies: `C:\Windows\System32\CodeIntegrity\ExamplePolicies\`
* WDAC utilities: [mattifestation/WDACTools](https://github.com/mattifestation/WDACTools), a PowerShell module to facilitate building, configuring, deploying, and auditing Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policies
Windows Information Protection (WIP), formerly known as Enterprise Data Protection (EDP), is a security feature in Windows 10 that helps protect sensitive data on enterprise devices. WIP helps to prevent accidental data leakage by allowing administrators to define policies that control how enterprise data can be accessed, shared, and protected. WIP works by identifying and separating enterprise data from personal data on the device.
Protection of file (data) locally marked as corporate is facilitated via Encrypting File System (EFS) encryption of Windows (a feature of NTFS file system)
* Enumerate files attributes, `Encrypted` attribute is used for files protected by WIP
The **Enterprise Context** column shows you what each app can do with your enterprise data:
* **Domain**. Shows the employee's work domain (such as, corp.contoso.com). This app is considered work-related and can freely touch and open work data and resources.
* **Personal**. Shows the text, Personal. This app is considered non-work-related and can't touch any work data or resources.
* **Exempt**. Shows the text, Exempt. Windows Information Protection policies don't apply to these apps (such as, system components).
BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included in Microsoft Windows operating systems starting with Windows Vista. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. BitLocker uses AES encryption algorithm to encrypt data on the disk. When enabled, BitLocker requires a user to enter a password or insert a USB flash drive to unlock the encrypted volume before the operating system is loaded, ensuring that data on the disk is protected from unauthorized access. BitLocker is commonly used on laptops, portable storage devices, and other mobile devices to protect sensitive data in case of theft or loss.
When BitLocker is in `Suspended` state, boot the system using a Windows Setup USB, and then decrypt the drive using this command: `manage-bde -off c:`
You can check if it is done decrypting using this command: `manage-bde -status`
* [Do You Really Know About LSA Protection (RunAsPPL)? - itm4n - Apr 7, 2021](https://itm4n.github.io/lsass-runasppl/)
* [Determine the Enterprise Context of an app running in Windows Information Protection (WIP) - 03/10/2023 - Microsoft](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/windows-information-protection/wip-app-enterprise-context)
* [Create and verify an Encrypting File System (EFS) Data Recovery Agent (DRA) certificate - 12/09/2022 - Microsoft](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/information-protection/windows-information-protection/create-and-verify-an-efs-dra-certificate)
* [DISABLING AV WITH PROCESS SUSPENSION - March 24, 2023 - By Christopher Paschen ](https://www.trustedsec.com/blog/disabling-av-with-process-suspension/)
* [Disabling Event Tracing For Windows - UNPROTECT PROJECT - Tuesday 19 April 2022](https://unprotect.it/technique/disabling-event-tracing-for-windows-etw/)
* [ETW: Event Tracing for Windows 101 - ired.team](https://www.ired.team/miscellaneous-reversing-forensics/windows-kernel-internals/etw-event-tracing-for-windows-101)
