rust-clippy/clippy_lints/src/utils/mod.rs

use reexport::*;
use rustc::hir::*;
use rustc::hir::def_id::{DefId, CRATE_DEF_INDEX};
use rustc::hir::def::Def;
use rustc::hir::map::Node;
use rustc::lint::{LintContext, LateContext, Level, Lint};
use rustc::session::Session;
use rustc::traits::Reveal;
use rustc::traits;
use rustc::ty::subst::Subst;
use rustc::ty;
use rustc_errors;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::env;
use std::mem;
use std::str::FromStr;
use syntax::ast::{self, LitKind};
use syntax::attr;
use syntax::codemap::{ExpnFormat, ExpnInfo, MultiSpan, Span, DUMMY_SP};
use syntax::errors::DiagnosticBuilder;
use syntax::ptr::P;
use syntax::symbol::keywords;

pub mod comparisons;
pub mod conf;
pub mod constants;
mod hir;
pub mod paths;
pub mod sugg;
pub mod inspector;
pub mod internal_lints;
pub use self::hir::{SpanlessEq, SpanlessHash};

pub type MethodArgs = HirVec<P<Expr>>;

/// Produce a nested chain of if-lets and ifs from the patterns:
///
/// ```rust,ignore
/// if_let_chain! {[
///     let Some(y) = x,
///     y.len() == 2,
///     let Some(z) = y,
/// ], {
///     block
/// }}
/// ```
///
/// becomes
///
/// ```rust,ignore
/// if let Some(y) = x {
///     if y.len() == 2 {
///         if let Some(z) = y {
///             block
///         }
///     }
/// }
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! if_let_chain {
    ([let $pat:pat = $expr:expr, $($tt:tt)+], $block:block) => {
        if let $pat = $expr {
           if_let_chain!{ [$($tt)+], $block }
        }
    };
    ([let $pat:pat = $expr:expr], $block:block) => {
        if let $pat = $expr {
           $block
        }
    };
    ([let $pat:pat = $expr:expr,], $block:block) => {
        if let $pat = $expr {
           $block
        }
    };
    ([$expr:expr, $($tt:tt)+], $block:block) => {
        if $expr {
           if_let_chain!{ [$($tt)+], $block }
        }
    };
    ([$expr:expr], $block:block) => {
        if $expr {
           $block
        }
    };
    ([$expr:expr,], $block:block) => {
        if $expr {
           $block
        }
    };
}

pub mod higher;

/// Returns true if the two spans come from differing expansions (i.e. one is from a macro and one
/// isn't).
pub fn differing_macro_contexts(lhs: Span, rhs: Span) -> bool {
    rhs.expn_id != lhs.expn_id
}
/// Returns true if this `expn_info` was expanded by any macro.
pub fn in_macro<'a, T: LintContext<'a>>(cx: &T, span: Span) -> bool {
    cx.sess().codemap().with_expn_info(span.expn_id, |info| {
        match info {
            Some(info) => {
                match info.callee.format {
                    // don't treat range expressions desugared to structs as "in_macro"
                    ExpnFormat::CompilerDesugaring(name) => name != "...",
                    _ => true,
                }
            },
            None => false,
        }
    })
}

/// Returns true if the macro that expanded the crate was outside of the current crate or was a
/// compiler plugin.
pub fn in_external_macro<'a, T: LintContext<'a>>(cx: &T, span: Span) -> bool {
    /// Invokes `in_macro` with the expansion info of the given span slightly heavy, try to use
    /// this after other checks have already happened.
    fn in_macro_ext<'a, T: LintContext<'a>>(cx: &T, opt_info: Option<&ExpnInfo>) -> bool {
        // no ExpnInfo = no macro
        opt_info.map_or(false, |info| {
            if let ExpnFormat::MacroAttribute(..) = info.callee.format {
                // these are all plugins
                return true;
            }
            // no span for the callee = external macro
            info.callee.span.map_or(true, |span| {
                // no snippet = external macro or compiler-builtin expansion
                cx.sess().codemap().span_to_snippet(span).ok().map_or(true, |code| !code.starts_with("macro_rules"))
            })
        })
    }

    cx.sess().codemap().with_expn_info(span.expn_id, |info| in_macro_ext(cx, info))
}

/// Check if a `DefId`'s path matches the given absolute type path usage.
///
/// # Examples
/// ```rust,ignore
/// match_def_path(cx.tcx, id, &["core", "option", "Option"])
/// ```
///
/// See also the `paths` module.
pub fn match_def_path(tcx: ty::TyCtxt, def_id: DefId, path: &[&str]) -> bool {
    use syntax::symbol;

    struct AbsolutePathBuffer {
        names: Vec<symbol::InternedString>,
    }

    impl ty::item_path::ItemPathBuffer for AbsolutePathBuffer {
        fn root_mode(&self) -> &ty::item_path::RootMode {
            const ABSOLUTE: &'static ty::item_path::RootMode = &ty::item_path::RootMode::Absolute;
            ABSOLUTE
        }

        fn push(&mut self, text: &str) {
            self.names.push(symbol::Symbol::intern(text).as_str());
        }
    }

    let mut apb = AbsolutePathBuffer { names: vec![] };

    tcx.push_item_path(&mut apb, def_id);

    apb.names.len() == path.len() && apb.names.iter().zip(path.iter()).all(|(a, &b)| &**a == b)
}

/// Check if type is struct, enum or union type with given def path.
pub fn match_type(cx: &LateContext, ty: ty::Ty, path: &[&str]) -> bool {
    match ty.sty {
        ty::TyAdt(adt, _) => match_def_path(cx.tcx, adt.did, path),
        _ => false,
    }
}

/// Check if the method call given in `expr` belongs to given type.
pub fn match_impl_method(cx: &LateContext, expr: &Expr, path: &[&str]) -> bool {
    let method_call = ty::MethodCall::expr(expr.id);

    let trt_id = cx.tables
        .method_map
        .get(&method_call)
        .and_then(|callee| cx.tcx.impl_of_method(callee.def_id));
    if let Some(trt_id) = trt_id {
        match_def_path(cx.tcx, trt_id, path)
    } else {
        false
    }
}

/// Check if the method call given in `expr` belongs to given trait.
pub fn match_trait_method(cx: &LateContext, expr: &Expr, path: &[&str]) -> bool {
    let method_call = ty::MethodCall::expr(expr.id);

    let trt_id = cx.tables
        .method_map
        .get(&method_call)
        .and_then(|callee| cx.tcx.trait_of_item(callee.def_id));
    if let Some(trt_id) = trt_id {
        match_def_path(cx.tcx, trt_id, path)
    } else {
        false
    }
}

pub fn last_path_segment(path: &QPath) -> &PathSegment {
    match *path {
        QPath::Resolved(_, ref path) => {
            path.segments
                .last()
                .expect("A path must have at least one segment")
        },
        QPath::TypeRelative(_, ref seg) => seg,
    }
}

pub fn single_segment_path(path: &QPath) -> Option<&PathSegment> {
    match *path {
        QPath::Resolved(_, ref path) if path.segments.len() == 1 => Some(&path.segments[0]),
        QPath::Resolved(..) => None,
        QPath::TypeRelative(_, ref seg) => Some(seg),
    }
}

/// Match a `Path` against a slice of segment string literals.
///
/// # Examples
/// ```rust,ignore
/// match_path(path, &["std", "rt", "begin_unwind"])
/// ```
pub fn match_path(path: &QPath, segments: &[&str]) -> bool {
    match *path {
        QPath::Resolved(_, ref path) => match_path_old(path, segments),
        QPath::TypeRelative(ref ty, ref segment) => {
            match ty.node {
                TyPath(ref inner_path) => {
                    segments.len() > 0 && match_path(inner_path, &segments[..(segments.len() - 1)]) &&
                    segment.name == segments[segments.len() - 1]
                },
                _ => false,
            }
        },
    }
}

pub fn match_path_old(path: &Path, segments: &[&str]) -> bool {
    path.segments.iter().rev().zip(segments.iter().rev()).all(|(a, b)| a.name == *b)
}

/// Match a `Path` against a slice of segment string literals, e.g.
///
/// # Examples
/// ```rust,ignore
/// match_path(path, &["std", "rt", "begin_unwind"])
/// ```
pub fn match_path_ast(path: &ast::Path, segments: &[&str]) -> bool {
    path.segments.iter().rev().zip(segments.iter().rev()).all(|(a, b)| a.identifier.name == *b)
}

/// Get the definition associated to a path.
/// TODO: investigate if there is something more efficient for that.
pub fn path_to_def(cx: &LateContext, path: &[&str]) -> Option<def::Def> {
    let cstore = &cx.tcx.sess.cstore;

    let crates = cstore.crates();
    let krate = crates.iter().find(|&&krate| cstore.crate_name(krate) == path[0]);
    if let Some(krate) = krate {
        let krate = DefId {
            krate: *krate,
            index: CRATE_DEF_INDEX,
        };
        let mut items = cstore.item_children(krate);
        let mut path_it = path.iter().skip(1).peekable();

        loop {
            let segment = match path_it.next() {
                Some(segment) => segment,
                None => return None,
            };

            for item in &mem::replace(&mut items, vec![]) {
                if item.name == *segment {
                    if path_it.peek().is_none() {
                        return Some(item.def);
                    }

                    items = cstore.item_children(item.def.def_id());
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        None
    }
}

/// Convenience function to get the `DefId` of a trait by path.
pub fn get_trait_def_id(cx: &LateContext, path: &[&str]) -> Option<DefId> {
    let def = match path_to_def(cx, path) {
        Some(def) => def,
        None => return None,
    };

    match def {
        def::Def::Trait(trait_id) => Some(trait_id),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Check whether a type implements a trait.
/// See also `get_trait_def_id`.
pub fn implements_trait<'a, 'tcx>(
    cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
    ty: ty::Ty<'tcx>,
    trait_id: DefId,
    ty_params: &[ty::Ty<'tcx>],
    parent_node_id: Option<NodeId>
) -> bool {
    cx.tcx.populate_implementations_for_trait_if_necessary(trait_id);

    let ty = cx.tcx.erase_regions(&ty);
    let mut b = if let Some(id) = parent_node_id {
        cx.tcx.infer_ctxt(BodyId { node_id: id }, Reveal::All)
    } else {
        cx.tcx.infer_ctxt((), Reveal::All)
    };
    b.enter(|infcx| {
        let obligation = cx.tcx.predicate_for_trait_def(traits::ObligationCause::dummy(), trait_id, 0, ty, ty_params);

        traits::SelectionContext::new(&infcx).evaluate_obligation_conservatively(&obligation)
    })
}

/// Resolve the definition of a node from its `NodeId`.
pub fn resolve_node(cx: &LateContext, qpath: &QPath, id: NodeId) -> def::Def {
    cx.tables.qpath_def(qpath, id)
}

/// Match an `Expr` against a chain of methods, and return the matched `Expr`s.
///
/// For example, if `expr` represents the `.baz()` in `foo.bar().baz()`,
/// `matched_method_chain(expr, &["bar", "baz"])` will return a `Vec` containing the `Expr`s for
/// `.bar()` and `.baz()`
pub fn method_chain_args<'a>(expr: &'a Expr, methods: &[&str]) -> Option<Vec<&'a [Expr]>> {
    let mut current = expr;
    let mut matched = Vec::with_capacity(methods.len());
    for method_name in methods.iter().rev() {
        // method chains are stored last -> first
        if let ExprMethodCall(ref name, _, ref args) = current.node {
            if name.node == *method_name {
                matched.push(&**args); // build up `matched` backwards
                current = &args[0] // go to parent expression
            } else {
                return None;
            }
        } else {
            return None;
        }
    }
    matched.reverse(); // reverse `matched`, so that it is in the same order as `methods`
    Some(matched)
}


/// Get the name of the item the expression is in, if available.
pub fn get_item_name(cx: &LateContext, expr: &Expr) -> Option<Name> {
    let parent_id = cx.tcx.hir.get_parent(expr.id);
    match cx.tcx.hir.find(parent_id) {
        Some(Node::NodeItem(&Item { ref name, .. })) |
        Some(Node::NodeTraitItem(&TraitItem { ref name, .. })) |
        Some(Node::NodeImplItem(&ImplItem { ref name, .. })) => Some(*name),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Convert a span to a code snippet if available, otherwise use default.
///
/// # Example
/// ```rust,ignore
/// snippet(cx, expr.span, "..")
/// ```
pub fn snippet<'a, 'b, T: LintContext<'b>>(cx: &T, span: Span, default: &'a str) -> Cow<'a, str> {
    cx.sess().codemap().span_to_snippet(span).map(From::from).unwrap_or_else(|_| Cow::Borrowed(default))
}

/// Convert a span to a code snippet. Returns `None` if not available.
pub fn snippet_opt<'a, T: LintContext<'a>>(cx: &T, span: Span) -> Option<String> {
    cx.sess().codemap().span_to_snippet(span).ok()
}

/// Convert a span (from a block) to a code snippet if available, otherwise use default.
/// This trims the code of indentation, except for the first line. Use it for blocks or block-like
/// things which need to be printed as such.
///
/// # Example
/// ```rust,ignore
/// snippet(cx, expr.span, "..")
/// ```
pub fn snippet_block<'a, 'b, T: LintContext<'b>>(cx: &T, span: Span, default: &'a str) -> Cow<'a, str> {
    let snip = snippet(cx, span, default);
    trim_multiline(snip, true)
}

/// Like `snippet_block`, but add braces if the expr is not an `ExprBlock`.
/// Also takes an `Option<String>` which can be put inside the braces.
pub fn expr_block<'a, 'b, T: LintContext<'b>>(
    cx: &T,
    expr: &Expr,
    option: Option<String>,
    default: &'a str
) -> Cow<'a, str> {
    let code = snippet_block(cx, expr.span, default);
    let string = option.unwrap_or_default();
    if let ExprBlock(_) = expr.node {
        Cow::Owned(format!("{}{}", code, string))
    } else if string.is_empty() {
        Cow::Owned(format!("{{ {} }}", code))
    } else {
        Cow::Owned(format!("{{\n{};\n{}\n}}", code, string))
    }
}

/// Trim indentation from a multiline string with possibility of ignoring the first line.
pub fn trim_multiline(s: Cow<str>, ignore_first: bool) -> Cow<str> {
    let s_space = trim_multiline_inner(s, ignore_first, ' ');
    let s_tab = trim_multiline_inner(s_space, ignore_first, '\t');
    trim_multiline_inner(s_tab, ignore_first, ' ')
}

fn trim_multiline_inner(s: Cow<str>, ignore_first: bool, ch: char) -> Cow<str> {
    let x = s.lines()
        .skip(ignore_first as usize)
        .filter_map(|l| {
            if l.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                // ignore empty lines
                Some(l.char_indices()
                    .find(|&(_, x)| x != ch)
                    .unwrap_or((l.len(), ch))
                    .0)
            }
        })
        .min()
        .unwrap_or(0);
    if x > 0 {
        Cow::Owned(s.lines()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, l)| if (ignore_first && i == 0) || l.is_empty() {
                l
            } else {
                l.split_at(x).1
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join("\n"))
    } else {
        s
    }
}

/// Get a parent expressions if any – this is useful to constrain a lint.
pub fn get_parent_expr<'c>(cx: &'c LateContext, e: &Expr) -> Option<&'c Expr> {
    let map = &cx.tcx.hir;
    let node_id: NodeId = e.id;
    let parent_id: NodeId = map.get_parent_node(node_id);
    if node_id == parent_id {
        return None;
    }
    map.find(parent_id).and_then(|node| if let Node::NodeExpr(parent) = node {
        Some(parent)
    } else {
        None
    })
}

pub fn get_enclosing_block<'a, 'tcx: 'a>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, node: NodeId) -> Option<&'tcx Block> {
    let map = &cx.tcx.hir;
    let enclosing_node = map.get_enclosing_scope(node)
        .and_then(|enclosing_id| map.find(enclosing_id));
    if let Some(node) = enclosing_node {
        match node {
            Node::NodeBlock(block) => Some(block),
            Node::NodeItem(&Item { node: ItemFn(_, _, _, _, _, eid), .. }) => {
                match cx.tcx.hir.body(eid).value.node {
                    ExprBlock(ref block) => Some(block),
                    _ => None,
                }
            },
            _ => None,
        }
    } else {
        None
    }
}

pub struct DiagnosticWrapper<'a>(pub DiagnosticBuilder<'a>);

impl<'a> Drop for DiagnosticWrapper<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.0.emit();
    }
}

impl<'a> DiagnosticWrapper<'a> {
    fn wiki_link(&mut self, lint: &'static Lint) {
        if env::var("CLIPPY_DISABLE_WIKI_LINKS").is_err() {
            self.0.help(&format!("for further information visit https://github.com/Manishearth/rust-clippy/wiki#{}",
                                 lint.name_lower()));
        }
    }
}

pub fn span_lint<'a, T: LintContext<'a>>(cx: &T, lint: &'static Lint, sp: Span, msg: &str) {
    let mut db = DiagnosticWrapper(cx.struct_span_lint(lint, sp, msg));
    if cx.current_level(lint) != Level::Allow {
        db.wiki_link(lint);
    }
}

pub fn span_help_and_lint<'a, 'tcx: 'a, T: LintContext<'tcx>>(
    cx: &'a T,
    lint: &'static Lint,
    span: Span,
    msg: &str,
    help: &str
) {
    let mut db = DiagnosticWrapper(cx.struct_span_lint(lint, span, msg));
    if cx.current_level(lint) != Level::Allow {
        db.0.help(help);
        db.wiki_link(lint);
    }
}

pub fn span_note_and_lint<'a, 'tcx: 'a, T: LintContext<'tcx>>(
    cx: &'a T,
    lint: &'static Lint,
    span: Span,
    msg: &str,
    note_span: Span,
    note: &str
) {
    let mut db = DiagnosticWrapper(cx.struct_span_lint(lint, span, msg));
    if cx.current_level(lint) != Level::Allow {
        if note_span == span {
            db.0.note(note);
        } else {
            db.0.span_note(note_span, note);
        }
        db.wiki_link(lint);
    }
}

pub fn span_lint_and_then<'a, 'tcx: 'a, T: LintContext<'tcx>, F>(
    cx: &'a T,
    lint: &'static Lint,
    sp: Span,
    msg: &str,
    f: F
) where F: for<'b> FnOnce(&mut DiagnosticBuilder<'b>)
{
    let mut db = DiagnosticWrapper(cx.struct_span_lint(lint, sp, msg));
    if cx.current_level(lint) != Level::Allow {
        f(&mut db.0);
        db.wiki_link(lint);
    }
}

/// Create a suggestion made from several `span → replacement`.
///
/// Note: in the JSON format (used by `compiletest_rs`), the help message will appear once per
/// replacement. In human-readable format though, it only appears once before the whole suggestion.
pub fn multispan_sugg(db: &mut DiagnosticBuilder, help_msg: String, sugg: &[(Span, &str)]) {
    let sugg = rustc_errors::RenderSpan::Suggestion(rustc_errors::CodeSuggestion {
        msp: MultiSpan::from_spans(sugg.iter().map(|&(span, _)| span).collect()),
        substitutes: sugg.iter().map(|&(_, subs)| subs.to_owned()).collect(),
    });

    let sub = rustc_errors::SubDiagnostic {
        level: rustc_errors::Level::Help,
        message: vec![(help_msg, rustc_errors::snippet::Style::LabelPrimary)],
        span: MultiSpan::new(),
        render_span: Some(sugg),
    };
    db.children.push(sub);
}

/// Return the base type for references and raw pointers.
pub fn walk_ptrs_ty(ty: ty::Ty) -> ty::Ty {
    match ty.sty {
        ty::TyRef(_, ref tm) => walk_ptrs_ty(tm.ty),
        _ => ty,
    }
}

/// Return the base type for references and raw pointers, and count reference depth.
pub fn walk_ptrs_ty_depth(ty: ty::Ty) -> (ty::Ty, usize) {
    fn inner(ty: ty::Ty, depth: usize) -> (ty::Ty, usize) {
        match ty.sty {
            ty::TyRef(_, ref tm) => inner(tm.ty, depth + 1),
            _ => (ty, depth),
        }
    }
    inner(ty, 0)
}

/// Check whether the given expression is a constant literal of the given value.
pub fn is_integer_literal(expr: &Expr, value: u128) -> bool {
    // FIXME: use constant folding
    if let ExprLit(ref spanned) = expr.node {
        if let LitKind::Int(v, _) = spanned.node {
            return v == value;
        }
    }
    false
}

pub fn is_adjusted(cx: &LateContext, e: &Expr) -> bool {
    cx.tables.adjustments.get(&e.id).is_some()
}

pub struct LimitStack {
    stack: Vec<u64>,
}

impl Drop for LimitStack {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        assert_eq!(self.stack.len(), 1);
    }
}

impl LimitStack {
    pub fn new(limit: u64) -> LimitStack {
        LimitStack { stack: vec![limit] }
    }
    pub fn limit(&self) -> u64 {
        *self.stack.last().expect("there should always be a value in the stack")
    }
    pub fn push_attrs(&mut self, sess: &Session, attrs: &[ast::Attribute], name: &'static str) {
        let stack = &mut self.stack;
        parse_attrs(sess, attrs, name, |val| stack.push(val));
    }
    pub fn pop_attrs(&mut self, sess: &Session, attrs: &[ast::Attribute], name: &'static str) {
        let stack = &mut self.stack;
        parse_attrs(sess, attrs, name, |val| assert_eq!(stack.pop(), Some(val)));
    }
}

fn parse_attrs<F: FnMut(u64)>(sess: &Session, attrs: &[ast::Attribute], name: &'static str, mut f: F) {
    for attr in attrs {
        if attr.is_sugared_doc {
            continue;
        }
        if let ast::MetaItemKind::NameValue(ref value) = attr.value.node {
            if attr.name() == name {
                if let LitKind::Str(ref s, _) = value.node {
                    if let Ok(value) = FromStr::from_str(&*s.as_str()) {
                        attr::mark_used(attr);
                        f(value)
                    } else {
                        sess.span_err(value.span, "not a number");
                    }
                } else {
                    unreachable!()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Return the pre-expansion span if is this comes from an expansion of the macro `name`.
/// See also `is_direct_expn_of`.
pub fn is_expn_of(cx: &LateContext, mut span: Span, name: &str) -> Option<Span> {
    loop {
        let span_name_span = cx.tcx
            .sess
            .codemap()
            .with_expn_info(span.expn_id, |expn| expn.map(|ei| (ei.callee.name(), ei.call_site)));

        match span_name_span {
            Some((mac_name, new_span)) if mac_name == name => return Some(new_span),
            None => return None,
            Some((_, new_span)) => span = new_span,
        }
    }
}

/// Return the pre-expansion span if is this directly comes from an expansion of the macro `name`.
/// The difference with `is_expn_of` is that in
/// ```rust,ignore
/// foo!(bar!(42));
/// ```
/// `42` is considered expanded from `foo!` and `bar!` by `is_expn_of` but only `bar!` by
/// `is_direct_expn_of`.
pub fn is_direct_expn_of(cx: &LateContext, span: Span, name: &str) -> Option<Span> {
    let span_name_span = cx.tcx
        .sess
        .codemap()
        .with_expn_info(span.expn_id, |expn| expn.map(|ei| (ei.callee.name(), ei.call_site)));

    match span_name_span {
        Some((mac_name, new_span)) if mac_name == name => Some(new_span),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Return the index of the character after the first camel-case component of `s`.
pub fn camel_case_until(s: &str) -> usize {
    let mut iter = s.char_indices();
    if let Some((_, first)) = iter.next() {
        if !first.is_uppercase() {
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
    let mut up = true;
    let mut last_i = 0;
    for (i, c) in iter {
        if up {
            if c.is_lowercase() {
                up = false;
            } else {
                return last_i;
            }
        } else if c.is_uppercase() {
            up = true;
            last_i = i;
        } else if !c.is_lowercase() {
            return i;
        }
    }
    if up { last_i } else { s.len() }
}

/// Return index of the last camel-case component of `s`.
pub fn camel_case_from(s: &str) -> usize {
    let mut iter = s.char_indices().rev();
    if let Some((_, first)) = iter.next() {
        if !first.is_lowercase() {
            return s.len();
        }
    } else {
        return s.len();
    }
    let mut down = true;
    let mut last_i = s.len();
    for (i, c) in iter {
        if down {
            if c.is_uppercase() {
                down = false;
                last_i = i;
            } else if !c.is_lowercase() {
                return last_i;
            }
        } else if c.is_lowercase() {
            down = true;
        } else {
            return last_i;
        }
    }
    last_i
}

/// Convenience function to get the return type of a function
pub fn return_ty<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, fn_item: NodeId) -> ty::Ty<'tcx> {
    let parameter_env = ty::ParameterEnvironment::for_item(cx.tcx, fn_item);
    let fn_def_id = cx.tcx.hir.local_def_id(fn_item);
    let fn_sig = cx.tcx.item_type(fn_def_id).fn_sig();
    let fn_sig = cx.tcx.liberate_late_bound_regions(parameter_env.free_id_outlive, fn_sig);
    fn_sig.output()
}

/// Check if two types are the same.
// FIXME: this works correctly for lifetimes bounds (`for <'a> Foo<'a>` == `for <'b> Foo<'b>` but
// not for type parameters.
pub fn same_tys<'a, 'tcx>(
    cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
    a: ty::Ty<'tcx>,
    b: ty::Ty<'tcx>,
    parameter_item: NodeId
) -> bool {
    let parameter_env = ty::ParameterEnvironment::for_item(cx.tcx, parameter_item);
    cx.tcx.infer_ctxt(parameter_env, Reveal::All).enter(|infcx| {
        let new_a = a.subst(infcx.tcx, infcx.parameter_environment.free_substs);
        let new_b = b.subst(infcx.tcx, infcx.parameter_environment.free_substs);
        infcx.can_equate(&new_a, &new_b).is_ok()
    })
}

/// Return whether the given type is an `unsafe` function.
pub fn type_is_unsafe_function(ty: ty::Ty) -> bool {
    match ty.sty {
        ty::TyFnDef(_, _, f) |
        ty::TyFnPtr(f) => f.unsafety == Unsafety::Unsafe,
        _ => false,
    }
}

pub fn is_copy<'a, 'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>, ty: ty::Ty<'tcx>, env: NodeId) -> bool {
    let env = ty::ParameterEnvironment::for_item(cx.tcx, env);
    !ty.subst(cx.tcx, env.free_substs).moves_by_default(cx.tcx.global_tcx(), &env, DUMMY_SP)
}

/// Return whether a pattern is refutable.
pub fn is_refutable(cx: &LateContext, pat: &Pat) -> bool {
    fn is_enum_variant(cx: &LateContext, qpath: &QPath, did: NodeId) -> bool {
        matches!(cx.tables.qpath_def(qpath, did),
                 def::Def::Variant(..) | def::Def::VariantCtor(..))
    }

    fn are_refutable<'a, I: Iterator<Item = &'a Pat>>(cx: &LateContext, mut i: I) -> bool {
        i.any(|pat| is_refutable(cx, pat))
    }

    match pat.node {
        PatKind::Binding(..) |
        PatKind::Wild => false,
        PatKind::Box(ref pat) |
        PatKind::Ref(ref pat, _) => is_refutable(cx, pat),
        PatKind::Lit(..) |
        PatKind::Range(..) => true,
        PatKind::Path(ref qpath) => is_enum_variant(cx, qpath, pat.id),
        PatKind::Tuple(ref pats, _) => are_refutable(cx, pats.iter().map(|pat| &**pat)),
        PatKind::Struct(ref qpath, ref fields, _) => {
            if is_enum_variant(cx, qpath, pat.id) {
                true
            } else {
                are_refutable(cx, fields.iter().map(|field| &*field.node.pat))
            }
        },
        PatKind::TupleStruct(ref qpath, ref pats, _) => {
            if is_enum_variant(cx, qpath, pat.id) {
                true
            } else {
                are_refutable(cx, pats.iter().map(|pat| &**pat))
            }
        },
        PatKind::Slice(ref head, ref middle, ref tail) => {
            are_refutable(cx, head.iter().chain(middle).chain(tail.iter()).map(|pat| &**pat))
        },
    }
}

/// Checks for the `#[automatically_derived]` attribute all `#[derive]`d implementations have.
pub fn is_automatically_derived(attrs: &[ast::Attribute]) -> bool {
    attr::contains_name(attrs, "automatically_derived")
}

/// Remove blocks around an expression.
///
/// Ie. `x`, `{ x }` and `{{{{ x }}}}` all give `x`. `{ x; y }` and `{}` return themselves.
pub fn remove_blocks(expr: &Expr) -> &Expr {
    if let ExprBlock(ref block) = expr.node {
        if block.stmts.is_empty() {
            if let Some(ref expr) = block.expr {
                remove_blocks(expr)
            } else {
                expr
            }
        } else {
            expr
        }
    } else {
        expr
    }
}

pub fn opt_def_id(def: Def) -> Option<DefId> {
    match def {
        Def::Fn(id) |
        Def::Mod(id) |
        Def::Static(id, _) |
        Def::Variant(id) |
        Def::VariantCtor(id, ..) |
        Def::Enum(id) |
        Def::TyAlias(id) |
        Def::AssociatedTy(id) |
        Def::TyParam(id) |
        Def::Struct(id) |
        Def::StructCtor(id, ..) |
        Def::Union(id) |
        Def::Trait(id) |
        Def::Method(id) |
        Def::Const(id) |
        Def::AssociatedConst(id) |
        Def::Local(id) |
        Def::Upvar(id, ..) |
        Def::Macro(id) => Some(id),

        Def::Label(..) | Def::PrimTy(..) | Def::SelfTy(..) | Def::Err => None,
    }
}

pub fn is_self(slf: &Arg) -> bool {
    if let PatKind::Binding(_, _, name, _) = slf.pat.node {
        name.node == keywords::SelfValue.name()
    } else {
        false
    }
}

pub fn is_self_ty(slf: &Ty) -> bool {
    if_let_chain! {[
        let TyPath(ref qp) = slf.node,
        let QPath::Resolved(None, ref path) = *qp,
        let Def::SelfTy(..) = path.def,
    ], {
        return true
    }}
    false
}

pub fn iter_input_pats<'tcx>(decl: &FnDecl, body: &'tcx Body) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'tcx Arg> {
    (0..decl.inputs.len()).map(move |i| &body.arguments[i])
}

/// Check if a given expression is a match expression
/// expanded from `?` operator or `try` macro.
pub fn is_try(expr: &Expr) -> Option<&Expr> {
    fn is_ok(arm: &Arm) -> bool {
        if_let_chain! {[
            let PatKind::TupleStruct(ref path, ref pat, None) = arm.pats[0].node,
            match_path(path, &paths::RESULT_OK[1..]),
            let PatKind::Binding(_, defid, _, None) = pat[0].node,
            let ExprPath(QPath::Resolved(None, ref path)) = arm.body.node,
            path.def.def_id() == defid,
        ], {
            return true;
        }}
        false
    }

    fn is_err(arm: &Arm) -> bool {
        if let PatKind::TupleStruct(ref path, _, _) = arm.pats[0].node {
            match_path(path, &paths::RESULT_ERR[1..])
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    if let ExprMatch(_, ref arms, ref source) = expr.node {
        // desugared from a `?` operator
        if let MatchSource::TryDesugar = *source {
            return Some(expr);
        }

        if_let_chain! {[
            arms.len() == 2,
            arms[0].pats.len() == 1 && arms[0].guard.is_none(),
            arms[1].pats.len() == 1 && arms[1].guard.is_none(),
            (is_ok(&arms[0]) && is_err(&arms[1])) ||
                (is_ok(&arms[1]) && is_err(&arms[0])),
        ], {
            return Some(expr);
        }}
    }

    None
}