nixos-and-flakes-book/docs/zh/other-usage-of-flakes/outputs.md
2023-06-30 17:05:24 +08:00

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# Flake 的 outputs {#flake-outputs}
`flake.nix` 中的 `outputs` 是一个 attribute set是整个 Flake 的构建结果,每个 Flake 都可以有许多不同的 outputs。
一些特定名称的 outputs 有特殊用途,会被某些 Nix 命令识别处理,比如:
- Nix packages: 名称为 `apps.<system>.<name>`, `packages.<system>.<name>``legacyPackages.<system>.<name>` 的 outputs都是 Nix 包,通常都是一个个应用程序。
- 可以通过 `nix build .#name` 来构建某个 nix 包
- Nix Helper Functions: 名称为 `lib` 的 outputs 是 Flake 函数库,可以被其他 Flake 作为 inputs 导入使用。
- Nix development environments: 名称为 `devShells` 的 outputs 是 Nix 开发环境
- 可以通过 `nix develop` 命令来使用该 Output 创建开发环境
- NixOS configurations: 名称为 `nixosConfigurations.<hostname>` 的 outputs是 NixOS 的系统配置。
- `nixos-rebuild switch .#<hostname>` 可以使用该 Output 来部署 NixOS 系统
- Nix templates: 名称为 `templates` 的 outputs 是 flake 模板
- 可以通过执行命令 `nix flake init --template <reference>` 使用模板初始化一个 Flake 包
- 其他用户自定义的 outputs可能被其他 Nix 相关的工具使用
NixOS Wiki 中给出的使用案例:
```nix
{ self, ... }@inputs:
{
# Executed by `nix flake check`
checks."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
# Executed by `nix build .#<name>`
packages."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
# Executed by `nix build .`
packages."<system>".default = derivation;
# Executed by `nix run .#<name>`
apps."<system>"."<name>" = {
type = "app";
program = "<store-path>";
};
# Executed by `nix run . -- <args?>`
apps."<system>".default = { type = "app"; program = "..."; };
# Formatter (alejandra, nixfmt or nixpkgs-fmt)
formatter."<system>" = derivation;
# Used for nixpkgs packages, also accessible via `nix build .#<name>`
legacyPackages."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
# Overlay, consumed by other flakes
overlays."<name>" = final: prev: { };
# Default overlay
overlays.default = {};
# Nixos module, consumed by other flakes
nixosModules."<name>" = { config }: { options = {}; config = {}; };
# Default module
nixosModules.default = {};
# Used with `nixos-rebuild --flake .#<hostname>`
# nixosConfigurations."<hostname>".config.system.build.toplevel must be a derivation
nixosConfigurations."<hostname>" = {};
# Used by `nix develop .#<name>`
devShells."<system>"."<name>" = derivation;
# Used by `nix develop`
devShells."<system>".default = derivation;
# Hydra build jobs
hydraJobs."<attr>"."<system>" = derivation;
# Used by `nix flake init -t <flake>#<name>`
templates."<name>" = {
path = "<store-path>";
description = "template description goes here?";
};
# Used by `nix flake init -t <flake>`
templates.default = { path = "<store-path>"; description = ""; };
}
```