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https://github.com/ryan4yin/nixos-and-flakes-book
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139 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
139 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
# 通过 `nix repl` 查看源码、调试配置
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前面我们已经使用 `nix repl '<nixpkgs>'` 看过很多次源码了，这是一个非常强大的工具，可以帮助我们理解 Nix 的工作原理。
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要学会用 `nix repl`，最好先看看它的 help 信息：
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```
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› nix repl -f '<nixpkgs>'
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Welcome to Nix 2.13.3. Type :? for help.
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Loading installable ''...
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Added 17755 variables.
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nix-repl> :?
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The following commands are available:
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<expr> Evaluate and print expression
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<x> = <expr> Bind expression to variable
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:a <expr> Add attributes from resulting set to scope
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:b <expr> Build a derivation
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:bl <expr> Build a derivation, creating GC roots in the working directory
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:e <expr> Open package or function in $EDITOR
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:i <expr> Build derivation, then install result into current profile
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:l <path> Load Nix expression and add it to scope
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:lf <ref> Load Nix flake and add it to scope
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:p <expr> Evaluate and print expression recursively
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:q Exit nix-repl
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:r Reload all files
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:sh <expr> Build dependencies of derivation, then start nix-shell
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:t <expr> Describe result of evaluation
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:u <expr> Build derivation, then start nix-shell
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:doc <expr> Show documentation of a builtin function
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:log <expr> Show logs for a derivation
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:te [bool] Enable, disable or toggle showing traces for errors
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```
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我最常用的命令是 `:lf <ref>` 跟 `:e <expr>`.
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`:e <expr>` 非常直观，所以这里不再赘述，我们来看看 `:lf <ref>`：
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```nix
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# 进入我的 nix 配置目录（建议替换成你自己的配置目录）
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› cd ~/nix-config/
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# 进入 nix repl 解释器
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› nix repl
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Welcome to Nix 2.13.3. Type :? for help.
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# 将我的 nix 配置作为一个 flake 加载到当前作用域中
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nix-repl> :lf .
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Added 16 variables.
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# 按 <TAB> 看看当前作用域中有哪些变量，果然 nixosConfigurations inputs outputs 跟 packages 都在里面
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# 这意味着我们可以很方便地检查这些配置的内部状态
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nix-repl><TAB>
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# ......omit some outputs
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__isInt nixosConfigurations
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__isList null
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__isPath outPath
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__isString outputs
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__langVersion packages
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# ......omit some outputs
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# 看看 inputs 里都有些啥
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nix-repl> inputs.<TAB>
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inputs.agenix inputs.nixpkgs
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inputs.darwin inputs.nixpkgs-darwin
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inputs.home-manager inputs.nixpkgs-unstable
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inputs.hyprland inputs.nixpkgs-wayland
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inputs.nil
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inputs.nixos-generators
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# 看看 inputs.nil.packages 里都有些啥
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nix-repl> inputs.nil.packages.
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inputs.nil.packages.aarch64-darwin
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inputs.nil.packages.aarch64-linux
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inputs.nil.packages.x86_64-darwin
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inputs.nil.packages.x86_64-linux
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# 看看 outputs 里都有些啥
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.<TAB>
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.aquamarine
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.kana
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ruby
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# 看看 ai 的配置都有些啥
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.<TAB>
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai._module
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai._type
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.class
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.extendModules
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.extraArgs
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.options
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.pkgs
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.type
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.age
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.appstream
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.assertions
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.boot
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.console
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.containers
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# ......omit other outputs
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.<TAB>
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.activation
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.activationPackage
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.emptyActivationPath
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.enableDebugInfo
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file
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# ......omit other outputs
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.sessionVariables.<TAB>
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.sessionVariables.BROWSER
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.sessionVariables.DELTA_PAGER
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.sessionVariables.EDITOR
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.sessionVariables.TERM
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# ......omit other outputs
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# 看看 `TERM` 这个环境变量的值是啥
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.sessionVariables.TERM
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"xterm-256color"
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# 看下我使用 `home.file` 定义的所有文件
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nix-repl> outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file.<TAB>
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file..bash_profile
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file..bashrc
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file..config/fcitx5/profile
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file..config/fcitx5/profile-bak
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file..config/i3/config
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outputs.nixosConfigurations.ai.config.home-manager.users.ryan.home.file..config/i3/i3blocks.conf
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#......
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```
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能看到，通过 `nix repl` 加载好我的 flake 配置后，就能很方便地检查所有的配置项了，这对于调试非常有用。
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