mirror of
https://github.com/inspec/inspec
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477 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
477 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
# Chef InSpec: Inspect Your Infrastructure
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* **Project State: Active**
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* **Issues Response SLA: 14 business days**
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* **Pull Request Response SLA: 14 business days**
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For more information on project states and SLAs, see [this documentation](https://github.com/chef/chef-oss-practices/blob/main/repo-management/repo-states.md).
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[](https://community-slack.chef.io/)
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[](https://buildkite.com/chef-oss/inspec-inspec-main-verify)
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[](https://coveralls.io/github/inspec/inspec?branch=main)
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Chef InSpec is an open-source testing framework for infrastructure with a human- and machine-readable language for specifying compliance, security and policy requirements.
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```ruby
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# Disallow insecure protocols by testing
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describe package('telnetd') do
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it { should_not be_installed }
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end
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describe inetd_conf do
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its("telnet") { should eq nil }
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end
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```
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Chef InSpec makes it easy to run your tests wherever you need. More options are found in our [CLI docs](https://docs.chef.io/inspec/cli/).
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```bash
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# run test locally
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inspec exec test.rb
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# run test on remote host via SSH
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inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname -i /path/to/key
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# run test on remote host using SSH agent private key authentication. Requires Chef InSpec 1.7.1
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inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname
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# run test on remote windows host via WinRM
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inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Administrator@windowshost --password 'your-password'
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# run test on remote windows host via WinRM as a domain user
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inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://windowshost --user 'UserName@domain' --password 'your-password'
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# run test on docker container
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inspec exec test.rb -t docker://container_id
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```
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# Features
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- Built-in Compliance: Compliance no longer occurs at the end of the release cycle
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- Targeted Tests: Chef InSpec writes tests that specifically target compliance issues
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- Metadata: Includes the metadata required by security and compliance pros
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- Easy Testing: Includes a command-line interface to run tests quickly
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## Installation
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Chef InSpec requires Ruby ( >= 3.1 ).
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All currently supported versions of Chef InSpec (4.0 and later) require accepting the EULA to use. Please visit the [license acceptance page](https://docs.chef.io/chef_license_accept.html) on the Chef docs site for more information.
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### Install as package
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The Chef InSpec package is available for MacOS, RedHat, Ubuntu and Windows. Download the latest package at [Chef InSpec Downloads](https://www.chef.io/downloads/tools/inspec) or install Chef InSpec via script:
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```
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# RedHat, Ubuntu, and macOS
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curl https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.sh | sudo bash -s -- -P inspec
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# Windows
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. { iwr -useb https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.ps1 } | iex; install -project inspec
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```
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### Install it via rubygems.org
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Installing Chef InSpec from source may require installing ruby build tools to manage gem dependencies. (A compiler-free variant is available with reduced functionality; use `inspec-core-bin` and `inspec-core`.)
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To install build tools, use your package manager.
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For CentOS/RedHat/Fedora:
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```bash
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yum -y install ruby ruby-devel make gcc gcc-c++
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```
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For Ubuntu:
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```bash
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apt-get -y install ruby ruby-dev gcc g++ make
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```
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To install the `inspec` executable, which requires accepting the [Chef License](https://docs.chef.io/chef_license_accept.html), run:
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```bash
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gem install inspec-bin
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```
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You may also use `inspec` as a library, with no executable. This does not require accepting the license. To install the library as a gem, run:
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```bash
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gem install inspec
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```
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### Usage via Docker
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Download the image and define a function for convenience:
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For Linux:
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```
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docker pull chef/inspec
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function inspec { docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/share chef/inspec "$@"; }
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```
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For Windows (PowerShell):
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```
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docker pull chef/inspec
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function inspec { docker run -it --rm -v "$(pwd):/share" chef/inspec $args; }
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```
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If you call `inspec` from your shell, it automatically mounts the current directory into the Docker container. Therefore you can easily use local tests and key files. Note: Only files in the current directory and sub-directories are available within the container.
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```
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$ ls -1
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vagrant
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test.rb
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$ inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://root@192.168.64.2:11022 -i vagrant
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..
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Finished in 0.04321 seconds (files took 0.54917 seconds to load)
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2 examples, 0 failures
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```
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To scan the docker containers running on the host using the containerized InSpec, we need to bind-mount the Unix socket `/var/run/docker.sock` from the host machine to the InSpec Container.
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```
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docker pull chef/inspec
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function inspec { docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/share -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock chef/inspec "$@"; }
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```
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`/var/run/docker.sock` is the Unix socket the Docker daemon listens on by default.
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### Install it from source
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Note that installing from OS packages from [the download page](https://www.chef.io/downloads/tools/inspec) is the preferred method.
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That requires [bundler](http://bundler.io/):
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```bash
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bundle install
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bundle exec inspec help
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```
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To install it as a gem locally, run:
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```bash
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gem build inspec.gemspec
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gem install inspec-*.gem
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```
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On Windows, you need to install [Ruby](http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/) with [Ruby Development Kit](https://github.com/oneclick/rubyinstaller/wiki/Development-Kit) to build dependencies with its native extensions.
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### Install via Chef Habitat
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Currently, this method of installation only supports Linux. See the [Chef Habitat site](https://www.habitat.sh/) for more information.
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Download the `hab` binary from the [Chef Habitat](https://www.habitat.sh/docs/get-habitat/) site.
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```bash
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hab pkg install chef/inspec --binlink
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inspec
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```
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### Run Chef InSpec
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You should now be able to run:
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```bash
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$ inspec --help
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Commands:
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inspec archive PATH # archive a profile to tar.gz (default) ...
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inspec check PATH # verify all tests at the specified PATH
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inspec automate SUBCOMMAND ... # Chef Automate commands
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inspec compliance SUBCOMMAND ... # Chef Automate commands (backwards compatible alias)
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inspec detect # detect the target OS
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inspec exec PATH(S) # run all test files at the specified PATH.
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inspec help [COMMAND] # Describe available commands or one spe...
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inspec init TEMPLATE ... # Scaffolds a new project
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inspec json PATH # read all tests in PATH and generate a ...
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inspec shell # open an interactive debugging shell
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inspec supermarket SUBCOMMAND ... # Supermarket commands
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inspec version # prints the version of this tool
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Options:
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[--diagnose], [--no-diagnose] # Show diagnostics (versions, configurations)
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```
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# Examples
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* Only accept requests on secure ports - This test ensures that a web server is only listening on well-secured ports.
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```ruby
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describe port(80) do
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it { should_not be_listening }
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end
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describe port(443) do
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it { should be_listening }
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its('protocols') {should include 'tcp'}
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end
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```
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* Test your `kitchen.yml` file to verify that only Vagrant is configured as the driver. The %w() formatting will
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pass rubocop linting and allow you to access nested mappings.
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```ruby
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describe yaml('.kitchen.yml') do
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its(%w(driver name)) { should eq('vagrant') }
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end
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```
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Also have a look at our examples for:
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- [Using Chef InSpec with Test Kitchen & Chef Infra](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/main/examples/kitchen-chef)
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- [Using Chef InSpec with Test Kitchen & Puppet](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/main/examples/kitchen-puppet)
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- [Using Chef InSpec with Test Kitchen & Ansible](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/main/examples/kitchen-ansible)
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- [Implementing an Chef InSpec profile](https://github.com/chef/inspec/tree/main/examples/profile)
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## Or tests: Testing for a OR b
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* Using describe.one, you can test for a or b. The control will be marked as passing if EITHER condition is met.
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```ruby
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control 'or-test' do
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impact 1.0
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title 'This is a OR test'
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describe.one do
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describe ssh_config do
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its('Protocol') { should eq('3') }
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end
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describe ssh_config do
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its('Protocol') { should eq('2') }
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end
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end
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end
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```
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## Command Line Usage
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### exec
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Run tests against different targets:
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```bash
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# run test locally
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inspec exec test.rb
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# run test on remote host on SSH
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inspec exec test.rb -t ssh://user@hostname
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# run test on remote windows host on WinRM
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inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Administrator@windowshost --password 'your-password'
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# run test on docker container
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inspec exec test.rb -t docker://container_id
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# run test on podman container
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inspec exec test.rb -t podman://container_id --podman-url "unix:///run/user/1000/podman/podman.sock"
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# run with sudo
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inspec exec test.rb --sudo [--sudo-password ...] [--sudo-options ...] [--sudo_command ...]
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# run in a subshell
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inspec exec test.rb --shell [--shell-options ...] [--shell-command ...]
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# run a profile targeting AWS using env vars
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inspec exec test.rb -t aws://
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# or store your AWS credentials in your ~/.aws/credentials profiles file
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inspec exec test.rb -t aws://us-east-2/my-profile
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# run a profile targeting Azure using env vars
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inspec exec test.rb -t azure://
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# or store your Azure credentials in your ~/.azure/credentials profiles file
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inspec exec test.rb -t azure://subscription_id
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```
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### detect
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Verify your configuration and detect
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```bash
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id=$( docker run -dti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash )
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inspec detect -t docker://$id
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```
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Which will provide you with:
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```
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{"family":"ubuntu","release":"14.04","arch":null}
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```
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## Supported OS
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Remote Targets
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| Platform | Versions | Architectures |
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| ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------- |
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| AIX | 6.1, 7.1, 7.2 | ppc64 |
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| CentOS | 6, 7, 8 | i386, x86_64 |
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| Debian | 9, 10 | i386, x86_64 |
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| FreeBSD | 9, 10, 11 | i386, amd64 |
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| macOS | 10.14, 10.15, 11.0 | x86_64 |
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| Oracle Enterprise Linux | 6, 7, 8 | i386, x86_64 |
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| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 6, 7, 8 | i386, x86_64 |
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| Solaris | 10, 11 | sparc, x86 |
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| Windows\* | 8, 8.1, 10, 2012, 2012R2, 2016, 2019 | x86, x86_64 |
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| Ubuntu Linux | | x86, x86_64 |
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| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server | 12, 15 | x86_64 |
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| Scientific Linux | 6, 7 | i386, x86_64 |
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| Fedora | | x86_64 |
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| OpenSUSE | 15 | x86_64 |
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| OmniOS | | x86_64 |
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| Gentoo Linux | | x86_64 |
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| Arch Linux | | x86_64 |
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| HP-UX | 11.31 | ia64 |
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| Alpine Linux | | x86_64 |
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\**For Windows, PowerShell 5.0 or above is required.*
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In addition, runtime support is provided for:
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| Platform | Versions | Arch |
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| -------- | -------- | ------ |
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| macOS | 10.14+ | x86_64 |
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| Debian | 9, 10 | x86_64 |
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| RHEL | 6, 7, 8 | x86_64 |
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| Fedora | 29+ | x86_64 |
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| Ubuntu | 16.04+ | x86_64 |
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| Windows | 8+ | x86_64 |
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| Windows | 2012+ | x86_64 |
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## Documentation
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Documentation
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* https://docs.chef.io/inspec/
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* https://docs.chef.io/inspec/resources/
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* https://github.com/inspec/inspec/tree/main/docs-chef-io
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Learn Chef:
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* https://community.chef.io/products/chef-inspec/#learn
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Relationship to other tools (RSpec, Serverspec):
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* https://docs.chef.io/inspec/inspec_and_friends/
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## Share your Profiles
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You may share your Chef InSpec Profiles in the [Tools & Plugins section](https://supermarket.chef.io/tools-directory) of the [Chef Supermarket](https://supermarket.chef.io/). [Sign in](https://supermarket.chef.io/sign-in) and [add the details of your profile](https://supermarket.chef.io/tools/new).
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You may also [browse the Supermarket for shared Compliance Profiles](https://supermarket.chef.io/tools?type=compliance_profile).
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## Kudos
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Chef InSpec was originally created by Christoph Hartmann ([@chris-rock](https://github.com/chris-rock)) and Dominik Richter ([@arlimus](https://github.com/arlimus)).
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Chef InSpec is inspired by the wonderful [Serverspec](http://serverspec.org) project. Kudos to [mizzy](https://github.com/mizzy) and [all contributors](https://github.com/mizzy/serverspec/graphs/contributors)!
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The AWS resources were inspired by [inspec-aws](https://github.com/arothian/inspec-aws) from [arothian](https://github.com/arothian).
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## Contribute
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1. Fork it
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1. Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
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1. Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
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1. Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
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1. Create new Pull Request
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The Chef InSpec community and maintainers are very active and helpful. This project benefits greatly from this activity.
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If you'd like to chat with the community and maintainers directly join us in the `#inspec` channel on the [Chef Community Slack](http://community-slack.chef.io/).
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As a reminder, all participants are expected to follow the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/inspec/inspec/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
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[](https://community-slack.chef.io/)
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## Testing Chef InSpec
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We offer `unit` and `integration` tests.
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- `unit` tests ensure the intended behaviour of the implementation
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- `integration` tests run against Docker-based VMs via test-kitchen and [kitchen-inspec](https://github.com/chef/kitchen-inspec)
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### Unit tests
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```bash
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bundle exec rake test
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```
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If you like to run only one test file:
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```bash
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bundle exec m test/unit/resources/user_test.rb
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```
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You may also run a single test within a file by line number:
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```bash
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bundle exec m test/unit/resources/user_test.rb -l 123
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```
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### Integration tests
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These tests download various virtual machines, to ensure Chef InSpec is working as expected across different operating systems.
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These tests require the following gems:
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- test-kitchen
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- kitchen-dokken
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- kitchen-inspec
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These gems are provided via the `integration` group in the project's Gemfile.
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In addition, these test require Docker to be available on your machine or a remote Docker machine configured via the standard Docker environment variables.
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#### Running Integration tests
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List the various test instances available:
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```bash
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KITCHEN_YAML=kitchen.dokken.yml bundle exec kitchen list
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```
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The platforms and test suites are configured in the `kitchen.dokken.yml` file. Once you know which instance you wish to test, test that instance:
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```bash
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KITCHEN_YAML=kitchen.dokken.yml bundle exec kitchen test <INSTANCE_NAME>
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```
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You may test all instances in parallel with:
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```bash
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KITCHEN_YAML=kitchen.dokken.yml bundle exec kitchen test -c 3
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```
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## License
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| | |
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| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
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| **Author:** | Dominik Richter (<drichter@chef.io>) |
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| **Author:** | Christoph Hartmann (<chartmann@chef.io>) |
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| **Copyright:** | Copyright (c) 2015 Vulcano Security GmbH. |
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| **Copyright:** | Copyright (c) 2017-2020 Chef Software Inc. |
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| **Copyright:** | Copyright (c) 2020-2023 Progress Software Corp.|
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| **License:** | Apache License, Version 2.0 |
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| **License:** | Chef End User License Agreement |
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Chef InSpec is distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
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Permission to use the software is governed by the [Chef EULA](https://docs.chef.io/chef_license_accept.html).
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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