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293 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: InSpec Migration Guide
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---
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# Migrate from Serverspec to InSpec
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## How is InSpec different from Serverspec
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We've written a complete blog post about that topic: [The Road to InSpec](https://blog.chef.io/2015/11/04/the-road-to-inspec/)
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## Is InSpec suitable for infrastructure testing?
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InSpec is a framework that allows you to run infrastructure testing as well as compliance testing. The compliance features are always optional and provide customers a way to use InSpec for both use-cases. To ensure we build the best infrastructure testing, we migrate our cookbooks [chef-cookbooks](https://github.com/chef-cookbooks) to InSpec.
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## Which Serverspec resources are available in InSpec?
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The following resources are available in InSpec:
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| Serverspec | InSpec |
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|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|
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| [`bond`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#bond) | [`bond`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/bond/) |
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| [`bridge`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#bridge) | [`bridge`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/bridge/) |
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| [`command`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#command) | [`command`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/command/) |
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| [`cron`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#cron) | [`crontab`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/crontab/) |
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| [`docker_container`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#docker_container) | [`docker_container`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/docker_container/) |
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| [`docker_image`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#docker_image) | [`docker_image`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/docker_image/) |
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| [`file`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#file) | [`file`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/file/) |
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| [`group`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#group) | [`group`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/group/) |
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| [`host`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#host) | [`host`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/host/) |
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| [`interface`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#interface) | [`interface`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/interface/) |
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| [`iis_website`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#iis_website) | [`iis_website`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/iis_website/) |
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| [`iis_app_pool`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#iis_app_pool) | [`iis_website`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/iis_website/) |
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| [`iptables`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#iptables) | [`iptables`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/iptables/) |
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| [`kernel_module`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#kernel_module) | [`kernel_module`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/kernel_module/) |
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| [`linux_kernel_parameter`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#linux_kernel_parameter) | [`kernel_parameter`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/kernel_parameter/) |
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| [`mysql_config`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#mysql_config) | [`mysql_conf`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/mysql_conf/) |
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| [`package`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#package) | [`package`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/package/) |
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| [`port`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#port) | [`port`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/port/) |
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| [`ppa`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#ppa) | [`apt`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/apt/) |
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| [`process`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#process) | [`processes`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/processes/) |
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| [`service`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#service) | [`service`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/service/) |
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| [`user`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#user) | [`user`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/user/) |
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| [`windows_feature`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#windows_feature) | [`windows_feature`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/windows_feature/) |
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| [`windows_registry_key`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#windows_registry_key) | [`registry_key`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/registry_key/) |
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| [`x509_certificate`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#x509_certificate) | [`x509_certificate`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/x509_certificate/) |
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| [`yumrepo`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#yumrepo) | [`yum`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/yum/) |
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| [`zfs`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#zfs) | [`zfs_pool`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/zfs_pool/) |
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Some Serverspec resources are not available yet. We will implement those resources based on user feedback. If you need a resource that is not available in InSpec, please open an [Github issue](https://github.com/chef/inspec/issues). The list of resources that are not available in InSpec:
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* [`cgroup`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#cgroup)
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* [`default_gateway`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#default_gateway)
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* [`ip6tables`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#ip6tables)
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* [`ipfilter`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#ipfilter)
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* [`ipnat`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#ipnat)
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* [`linux_audit_system`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#linux_audit_system)
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* [`lxc`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#lxc)
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* [`mail_alias`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#mail_alias)
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* [`php_config`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#php_config)
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* [`routing_table`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#routing_table)
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* [`selinux`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#selinux)
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* [`selinux_module`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#selinux_module)
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* [`x509_private_key`](http://serverspec.org/resource_types.html#x509_private_key)
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In addition InSpec provides additional [resources](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/) that are not available in Serverspec:
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* [`apache_conf`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/apache_conf/)
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* [`apt`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/apt/)
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* [`audit_policy`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/audit_policy/)
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* [`auditd_conf`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/auditd_conf/)
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* [`bash`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/bash/)
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* [`csv`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/csv/)
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* [`etc_shadow`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/etc_shadow/)
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* [`gem`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/gem/)
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* [`grub_conf`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/grub_conf/)
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* [`inetd_conf`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/inetd_conf/)
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* [`ini`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/ini/)
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* [`json`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/json/)
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* [`npm`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/npm/)
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* [`ntp_conf`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/ntp_conf/)
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* [`oneget`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/oneget/)
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* [`pip`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/pip/)
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* [`powershell`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/powershell/)
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* [`security_policy`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/security_policy/)
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* [`ssh_config`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/ssh_config/)
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* [`sshd_config`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/sshd_config/)
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* [`sys_info`](https://www.inspec.io/docs/reference/resources/sys_info/)
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## How do I migrate my Serverspec tests to InSpec
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For most cases, the migration to InSpec is pretty straight forward. First, replace the current verifier in `kitchen.yml` configuration with:
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```
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verifier:
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name: inspec
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```
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Second, rename the directory `test/integration/default/serverspec` to
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`test/integration/default/inspec`
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Third, remove the Serverspec-specific code from the test files.
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```
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require 'serverspec'
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# Required by serverspec
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set :backend, :exec
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```
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InSpec is now configured with Test-Kitchen:
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```
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kitchen verify package-install-centos-72
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-----> Starting Kitchen (v1.14.2)
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-----> Verifying <package-install-centos-72>...
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Detected alternative framework tests for `inspec`
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Loaded
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Target: ssh://vagrant@127.0.0.1:2200
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PHP has
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✔ php
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✔ the pear.php.net channel
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✔ the pecl.php.net channel
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Test Summary: 3 successful, 0 failures, 0 skipped
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Finished verifying <package-install-centos-72> (0m0.40s).
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-----> Kitchen is finished. (0m3.31s)
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```
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Some real-world migrations are available:
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* [docker](https://github.com/chef-cookbooks/docker)
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* [nginx](https://github.com/chef-cookbooks/chef_nginx/pull/5/files)
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* [mysql](https://github.com/chef-cookbooks/mysql/pull/430/files)
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* [php](https://github.com/chef-cookbooks/php/pull/189/files)
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Some general recommendations:
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* use test-kitchen 1.14+
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* in case of errors, increase the log level `kitchen verify package-install-centos-72 -l debug`
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## Do I still need the backend configuration?
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InSpec does not attach backend information to test files. All tests are defined independently of any backend. Therefore a Serverspec test file:
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```
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require 'serverspec'
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# Required by serverspec
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set :backend, :exec
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describe 'PHP' do
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it 'has php' do
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expect(command('php -v').exit_status).to eq(0)
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end
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it 'has the pear.php.net channel' do
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expect(command('pear list-channels').stdout).to include('pear.php.net')
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end
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it 'has the pecl.php.net channel' do
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expect(command('pear list-channels').stdout).to include('pecl.php.net')
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end
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end
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```
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will become the following InSpec test file:
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```
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describe 'PHP' do
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it 'has php' do
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expect(command('php -v').exit_status).to eq(0)
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end
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it 'has the pear.php.net channel' do
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expect(command('pear list-channels').stdout).to include('pear.php.net')
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end
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it 'has the pecl.php.net channel' do
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expect(command('pear list-channels').stdout).to include('pecl.php.net')
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end
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end
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```
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As you can see, the InSpec test files just focuses on tests and tries to avoid all clutter.
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## Nested describe blocks
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Serverspec and RSpec allow you to define nested describe blocks. We did a survey and found out that most users use nested describe blocks only to improve their output report. We believe the code structure should not change to improve the output of a report. Nevertheless we understand that nested describe blocks help you to structure test code. A sample code block looks like:
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```
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describe 'chef-server-directories' do
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describe file('/etc/opscode') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'root' }
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end
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describe file('/etc/opscode-analytics') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'opscode' }
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it { should be_grouped_into 'opscode' }
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end
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describe file('/var/log/opscode') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'opscode' }
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it { should be_grouped_into 'opscode' }
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end
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describe file('/var/opt/opscode') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'root' }
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end
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end
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```
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In InSpec you would split up groups into files.
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```
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tests
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├── server-directories.rb
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├── other-tests.rb
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└── further-tests.rb
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```
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Each file can have a top-level description of its content:
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```
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title "Chef Server Directories"
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describe file('/etc/opscode') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'root' }
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end
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describe file('/etc/opscode-analytics') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'opscode' }
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it { should be_grouped_into 'opscode' }
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end
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describe file('/var/log/opscode') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'opscode' }
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it { should be_grouped_into 'opscode' }
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end
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describe file('/var/opt/opscode') do
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it { should be_directory }
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it { should be_owned_by 'root' }
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end
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```
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## Are you supporting the `expect` syntax?
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Of course. We still prefer the `should` syntax for UX reasons. We did surveys with various types of customers like devops engineers, auditors, managers. All participants who prefered the `expect` syntax have been Ruby experts. All non-Ruby developers found it easier to understand the `should` syntax.
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### `should` syntax with InSpec
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```
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describe command('php -v') do
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its('exit_status') { should eq 0 }
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end
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describe command('pear list-channels') do
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its('stdout') { should include('pear.php.net')}
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end
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describe command('pear list-channels') do
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its('stdout') { should include('pecl.php.net')}
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end
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```
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### `expect` syntax with InSpec
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```
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describe 'PHP' do
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it 'has php' do
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expect(command('php -v').exit_status).to eq(0)
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end
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it 'has the pear.php.net channel' do
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expect(command('pear list-channels').stdout).to include('pear.php.net')
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end
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it 'has the pecl.php.net channel' do
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expect(command('pear list-channels').stdout).to include('pecl.php.net')
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end
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end
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```
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