hacktricks/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/reversing-native-libraries.md

# Reversing Native Libraries

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### [WhiteIntel](https://whiteintel.io)

<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1227).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

[**WhiteIntel**](https://whiteintel.io) is a **dark-web** fueled search engine that offers **free** functionalities to check if a company or its customers have been **compromised** by **stealer malwares**.

Their primary goal of WhiteIntel is to combat account takeovers and ransomware attacks resulting from information-stealing malware.

You can check their website and try their engine for **free** at:

{% embed url="https://whiteintel.io" %}

***

**For further information check:** [**https://maddiestone.github.io/AndroidAppRE/reversing\_native\_libs.html**](https://maddiestone.github.io/AndroidAppRE/reversing\_native\_libs.html)

Android apps can use native libraries, typically written in C or C++, for performance-critical tasks. Malware creators also use these libraries, as they're harder to reverse engineer than DEX bytecode. The section emphasizes reverse engineering skills tailored to Android, rather than teaching assembly languages. ARM and x86 versions of libraries are provided for compatibility.

### Key Points:

* **Native Libraries in Android Apps:**
  * Used for performance-intensive tasks.
  * Written in C or C++, making reverse engineering challenging.
  * Found in `.so` (shared object) format, similar to Linux binaries.
  * Malware creators prefer native code to make analysis harder.
* **Java Native Interface (JNI) & Android NDK:**
  * JNI allows Java methods to be implemented in native code.
  * NDK is an Android-specific set of tools to write native code.
  * JNI and NDK bridge Java (or Kotlin) code with native libraries.
* **Library Loading & Execution:**
  * Libraries are loaded into memory using `System.loadLibrary` or `System.load`.
  * JNI\_OnLoad is executed upon library loading.
  * Java-declared native methods link to native functions, enabling execution.
* **Linking Java Methods to Native Functions:**
  * **Dynamic Linking:** Function names in native libraries match a specific pattern, allowing automatic linking.
  * **Static Linking:** Uses `RegisterNatives` for linking, providing flexibility in function naming and structure.
* **Reverse Engineering Tools and Techniques:**
  * Tools like Ghidra and IDA Pro help analyze native libraries.
  * `JNIEnv` is crucial for understanding JNI functions and interactions.
  * Exercises are provided to practice loading libraries, linking methods, and identifying native functions.

### Resources:

* **Learning ARM Assembly:**
  * Suggested for a deeper understanding of the underlying architecture.
  * [ARM Assembly Basics](https://azeria-labs.com/writing-arm-assembly-part-1/) from Azeria Labs is recommended.
* **JNI & NDK Documentation:**
  * [Oracle's JNI Specification](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jni/spec/jniTOC.html)
  * [Android's JNI Tips](https://developer.android.com/training/articles/perf-jni)
  * [Getting Started with the NDK](https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/)
* **Debugging Native Libraries:**
  * [Debug Android Native Libraries Using JEB Decompiler](https://medium.com/@shubhamsonani/how-to-debug-android-native-libraries-using-jeb-decompiler-eec681a22cf3)

### [WhiteIntel](https://whiteintel.io)

<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1227).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

[**WhiteIntel**](https://whiteintel.io) is a **dark-web** fueled search engine that offers **free** functionalities to check if a company or its customers have been **compromised** by **stealer malwares**.

Their primary goal of WhiteIntel is to combat account takeovers and ransomware attacks resulting from information-stealing malware.

You can check their website and try their engine for **free** at:

{% embed url="https://whiteintel.io" %}

<details>

<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Other ways to support HackTricks:

* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>