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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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171 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
171 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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# What is Gitea
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**Gitea** is a **self-hosted community managed lightweight code hosting** solution written in Go.
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.png>)
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## Basic Information
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{% content-ref url="basic-gitea-information.md" %}
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[basic-gitea-information.md](basic-gitea-information.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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# Lab
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To run a Gitea instance locally you can just run a docker container:
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```bash
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docker run -p 3000:3000 gitea/gitea
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```
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Connect to port 3000 to access the web page.
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You could also run it with kubernetes:
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```
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helm repo add gitea-charts https://dl.gitea.io/charts/
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helm install gitea gitea-charts/gitea
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```
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# Unauthenticated Enumeration
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* Public repos: [http://localhost:3000/explore/repos](http://localhost:3000/explore/repos)
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* Registered users: [http://localhost:3000/explore/users](http://localhost:3000/explore/users)
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* Registered Organizations: [http://localhost:3000/explore/organizations](http://localhost:3000/explore/organizations)
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Note that by **default Gitea allows new users to register**. This won't give specially interesting access to the new users over other organizations/users repos, but a **logged in user** might be able to **visualize more repos or organizations**.
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# Internal Exploitation
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For this scenario we are going to suppose that you have obtained some access to a github account.
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## With User Credentials/Web Cookie
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If you somehow already have credentials for a user inside an organization (or you stole a session cookie) you can **just login** and check which which **permissions you have** over which **repos,** in **which teams** you are, **list other users**, and **how are the repos protected.**
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Note that **2FA may be used** so you will only be able to access this information if you can also **pass that check**.
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{% hint style="info" %}
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Note that if you **manage to steal the `i_like_gitea` cookie** (currently configured with SameSite: Lax) you can **completely impersonate the user** without needing credentials or 2FA.
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{% endhint %}
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## With User SSH Key
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Gitea allows **users** to set **SSH keys** that will be used as **authentication method to deploy code** on their behalf (no 2FA is applied).
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With this key you can perform **changes in repositories where the user has some privileges**, however you can not use it to access gitea api to enumerate the environment. However, you can **enumerate local settings** to get information about the repos and user you have access to:
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```bash
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# Go to the the repository folder
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# Get repo config and current user name and email
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git config --list
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```
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If the user has configured its username as his gitea username you can access the **public keys he has set** in his account in _https://github.com/\<gitea\_username>.keys_, you could check this to confirm the private key you found can be used.
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**SSH keys** can also be set in repositories as **deploy keys**. Anyone with access to this key will be able to **launch projects from a repository**. Usually in a server with different deploy keys the local file **`~/.ssh/config`** will give you info about key is related.
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### GPG Keys
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As explained [**here**](../github-security/basic-github-information.md#ssh-keys) sometimes it's needed to sign the commits or you might get discovered.
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Check locally if the current user has any key with:
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```shell
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gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format=long
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```
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## With User Token
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For an introduction about [**User Tokens check the basic information**](basic-gitea-information.md#personal-access-tokens).
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A user token can be used **instead of a password** to **authenticate** against Gitea server [**via API**](https://try.gitea.io/api/swagger#/). it will has **complete access** over the user.
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## With Oauth Application
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For an introduction about [**Gitea Oauth Applications check the basic information**](basic-gitea-information.md#oauth-applications).
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An attacker might create a **malicious Oauth Application** to access privileged data/actions of the users that accepts them probably as part of a phishing campaign.
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As explained in the basic information, the application will have **full access over the user account**.
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## Branch Protection Bypass
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In Github we have **github actions** which by default get a **token with write access** over the repo that can be used to **bypass branch protections**. In this case that **doesn't exist**, so the bypasses are more limited. But lets take a look to what can be done:
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* **Enable Push**: If anyone with write access can push to the branch, just push to it.
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* **Whitelist Restricted Pus**h: The same way, if you are part of this list push to the branch.
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* **Enable Merge Whitelist**: If there is a merge whitelist, you need to be inside of it
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* **Require approvals is bigger than 0**: Then... you need to compromise another user
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* **Restrict approvals to whitelisted**: If only whitelisted users can approve... you need to compromise another user that is inside that list
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* **Dismiss stale approvals**: If approvals are not removed with new commits, you could hijack an already approved PR to inject your code and merge the PR.
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Note that **if you are an org/repo admin** you can bypass the protections.
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## Enumerate Webhooks
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**Webhooks** are able to **send specific gitea information to some places**. You might be able to **exploit that communication**.\
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However, usually a **secret** you can **not retrieve** is set in the **webhook** that will **prevent** external users that know the URL of the webhook but not the secret to **exploit that webhook**.\
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But in some occasions, people instead of setting the **secret** in its place, they **set it in the URL** as a parameter, so **checking the URLs** could allow you to **find secrets** and other places you could exploit further.
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Webhooks can be set at **repo and at org level**.
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# Post Exploitation
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## Inside the server
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If somehow you managed to get inside the server where gitea is running you should search for the gitea configuration file. By default it's located in `/data/gitea/conf/app.ini`
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In this file you can find **keys** and **passwords**.
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In the gitea path (by default: /data/gitea) you can find also interesting information like:
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* The **sqlite** DB: If gitea is not using an external db it will use a sqlite db
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* The **sessions** inside the sessions folder: Running `cat sessions/*/*/*` you can see the usernames of the logged users (gitea could also save the sessions inside the DB).
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* The **jwt private key** inside the jwt folder
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* More **sensitive information** could be found in this folder
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If you are inside the server you can also **use the `gitea` binary** to access/modify information:
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* `gitea dump` will dump gitea and generate a .zip file
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* `gitea generate secret INTERNAL_TOKEN/JWT_SECRET/SECRET_KEY/LFS_JWT_SECRET` will generate a token of the indicated type (persistence)
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* `gitea admin user change-password --username admin --password newpassword` Change the password
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* `gitea admin user create --username newuser --password superpassword --email user@user.user --admin --access-token` Create new admin user and get an access token
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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|
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Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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