mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-25 22:20:43 +00:00
243 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
243 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Other ways to support HackTricks:
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* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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Part of this cheatsheet is based on the [angr documentation](https://docs.angr.io/_/downloads/en/stable/pdf/).
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# Installation
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install python3-dev libffi-dev build-essential
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python3 -m pip install --user virtualenv
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python3 -m venv ang
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source ang/bin/activate
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pip install angr
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```
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# Basic Actions
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```python
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import angr
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import monkeyhex # this will format numerical results in hexadecimal
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#Load binary
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proj = angr.Project('/bin/true')
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#BASIC BINARY DATA
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proj.arch #Get arch "<Arch AMD64 (LE)>"
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proj.arch.name #'AMD64'
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proj.arch.memory_endness #'Iend_LE'
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proj.entry #Get entrypoint "0x4023c0"
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proj.filename #Get filename "/bin/true"
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#There are specific options to load binaries
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#Usually you won't need to use them but you could
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angr.Project('examples/fauxware/fauxware', main_opts={'backend': 'blob', 'arch': 'i386'}, lib_opts={'libc.so.6': {'backend': 'elf'}})
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```
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# Loaded and Main object information
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## Loaded Data
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```python
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#LOADED DATA
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proj.loader #<Loaded true, maps [0x400000:0x5004000]>
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proj.loader.min_addr #0x400000
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proj.loader.max_addr #0x5004000
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proj.loader.all_objects #All loaded
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proj.loader.shared_objects #Loaded binaries
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"""
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OrderedDict([('true', <ELF Object true, maps [0x400000:0x40a377]>),
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('libc.so.6',
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<ELF Object libc-2.31.so, maps [0x500000:0x6c4507]>),
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('ld-linux-x86-64.so.2',
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<ELF Object ld-2.31.so, maps [0x700000:0x72c177]>),
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('extern-address space',
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<ExternObject Object cle##externs, maps [0x800000:0x87ffff]>),
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('cle##tls',
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<ELFTLSObjectV2 Object cle##tls, maps [0x900000:0x91500f]>)])
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"""
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proj.loader.all_elf_objects #Get all ELF objects loaded (Linux)
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proj.loader.all_pe_objects #Get all binaries loaded (Windows)
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proj.loader.find_object_containing(0x400000)#Get object loaded in an address "<ELF Object fauxware, maps [0x400000:0x60105f]>"
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```
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## Main Object
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```python
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#Main Object (main binary loaded)
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obj = proj.loader.main_object #<ELF Object true, maps [0x400000:0x60721f]>
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obj.execstack #"False" Check for executable stack
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obj.pic #"True" Check PIC
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obj.imports #Get imports
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obj.segments #<Regions: [<ELFSegment flags=0x5, relro=0x0, vaddr=0x400000, memsize=0xa74, filesize=0xa74, offset=0x0>, <ELFSegment flags=0x4, relro=0x1, vaddr=0x600e28, memsize=0x1d8, filesize=0x1d8, offset=0xe28>, <ELFSegment flags=0x6, relro=0x0, vaddr=0x601000, memsize=0x60, filesize=0x50, offset=0x1000>]>
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obj.find_segment_containing(obj.entry) #Get segment by address
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obj.sections #<Regions: [<Unnamed | offset 0x0, vaddr 0x0, size 0x0>, <.interp | offset 0x238, vaddr 0x400238, size 0x1c>, <.note.ABI-tag | offset 0x254, vaddr 0x400254, size 0x20>, <.note.gnu.build-id ...
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obj.find_section_containing(obj.entry) #Get section by address
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obj.plt['strcmp'] #Get plt address of a funcion (0x400550)
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obj.reverse_plt[0x400550] #Get function from plt address ('strcmp')
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```
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## Symbols and Relocations
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```python
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strcmp = proj.loader.find_symbol('strcmp') #<Symbol "strcmp" in libc.so.6 at 0x1089cd0>
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strcmp.name #'strcmp'
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strcmp.owne #<ELF Object libc-2.23.so, maps [0x1000000:0x13c999f]>
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strcmp.rebased_addr #0x1089cd0
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strcmp.linked_addr #0x89cd0
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strcmp.relative_addr #0x89cd0
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strcmp.is_export #True, as 'strcmp' is a function exported by libc
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#Get strcmp from the main object
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main_strcmp = proj.loader.main_object.get_symbol('strcmp')
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main_strcmp.is_export #False
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main_strcmp.is_import #True
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main_strcmp.resolvedby #<Symbol "strcmp" in libc.so.6 at 0x1089cd0>
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```
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## Blocks
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```python
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#Blocks
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block = proj.factory.block(proj.entry) #Get the block of the entrypoint fo the binary
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block.pp() #Print disassembly of the block
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block.instructions #"0xb" Get number of instructions
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block.instruction_addrs #Get instructions addresses "[0x401670, 0x401672, 0x401675, 0x401676, 0x401679, 0x40167d, 0x40167e, 0x40167f, 0x401686, 0x40168d, 0x401694]"
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```
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# Dynamic Analysis
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## Simulation Manager, States
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```python
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#Live States
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#This is useful to modify content in a live analysis
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state = proj.factory.entry_state()
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state.regs.rip #Get the RIP
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state.mem[proj.entry].int.resolved #Resolve as a C int (BV)
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state.mem[proj.entry].int.concreteved #Resolve as python int
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state.regs.rsi = state.solver.BVV(3, 64) #Modify RIP
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state.mem[0x1000].long = 4 #Modify mem
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#Other States
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project.factory.entry_state()
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project.factory.blank_state() #Most of its data left uninitialized
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project.factory.full_init_statetate() #Execute through any initializers that need to be run before the main binary's entry point
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project.factory.call_state() #Ready to execute a given function.
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#Simulation manager
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#The simulation manager stores all the states across the execution of the binary
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simgr = proj.factory.simulation_manager(state) #Start
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simgr.step() #Execute one step
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simgr.active[0].regs.rip #Get RIP from the last state
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```
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## Calling functions
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* You can pass a list of arguments through `args` and a dictionary of environment variables through `env` into `entry_state` and `full_init_state`. The values in these structures can be strings or bitvectors, and will be serialized into the state as the arguments and environment to the simulated execution. The default `args` is an empty list, so if the program you're analyzing expects to find at least an `argv[0]`, you should always provide that!
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* If you'd like to have `argc` be symbolic, you can pass a symbolic bitvector as `argc` to the `entry_state` and `full_init_state` constructors. Be careful, though: if you do this, you should also add a constraint to the resulting state that your value for argc cannot be larger than the number of args you passed into `args`.
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* To use the call state, you should call it with `.call_state(addr, arg1, arg2, ...)`, where `addr` is the address of the function you want to call and `argN` is the Nth argument to that function, either as a python integer, string, or array, or a bitvector. If you want to have memory allocated and actually pass in a pointer to an object, you should wrap it in an PointerWrapper, i.e. `angr.PointerWrapper("point to me!")`. The results of this API can be a little unpredictable, but we're working on it.
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## BitVectors
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```python
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#BitVectors
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state = proj.factory.entry_state()
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bv = state.solver.BVV(0x1234, 32) #Create BV of 32bits with the value "0x1234"
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state.solver.eval(bv) #Convert BV to python int
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bv.zero_extend(30) #Will add 30 zeros on the left of the bitvector
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bv.sign_extend(30) #Will add 30 zeros or ones on the left of the BV extending the sign
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```
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## Symbolic BitVectors & Constraints
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```python
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x = state.solver.BVS("x", 64) #Symbolic variable BV of length 64
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y = state.solver.BVS("y", 64)
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#Symbolic oprations
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tree = (x + 1) / (y + 2)
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tree #<BV64 (x_9_64 + 0x1) / (y_10_64 + 0x2)>
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tree.op #'__floordiv__' Access last operation
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tree.args #(<BV64 x_9_64 + 0x1>, <BV64 y_10_64 + 0x2>)
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tree.args[0].op #'__add__' Access of dirst arg
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tree.args[0].args #(<BV64 x_9_64>, <BV64 0x1>)
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tree.args[0].args[1].op #'BVV'
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tree.args[0].args[1].args #(1, 64)
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#Symbolic constraints solver
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state = proj.factory.entry_state() #Get a fresh state without constraints
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input = state.solver.BVS('input', 64)
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operation = (((input + 4) * 3) >> 1) + input
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output = 200
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state.solver.add(operation == output)
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state.solver.eval(input) #0x3333333333333381
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state.solver.add(input < 2**32)
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state.satisfiable() #False
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#Solver solutions
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solver.eval(expression) #one possible solution
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solver.eval_one(expression) #solution to the given expression, or throw an error if more than one solution is possible.
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solver.eval_upto(expression, n) #n solutions to the given expression, returning fewer than n if fewer than n are possible.
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solver.eval_atleast(expression, n) #n solutions to the given expression, throwing an error if fewer than n are possible.
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solver.eval_exact(expression, n) #n solutions to the given expression, throwing an error if fewer or more than are possible.
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solver.min(expression) #minimum possible solution to the given expression.
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solver.max(expression) #maximum possible solution to the given expression.
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```
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## Hooking
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```python
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>>> stub_func = angr.SIM_PROCEDURES['stubs']['ReturnUnconstrained'] # this is a CLASS
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>>> proj.hook(0x10000, stub_func()) # hook with an instance of the class
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>>> proj.is_hooked(0x10000) # these functions should be pretty self-explanitory
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True
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>>> proj.hooked_by(0x10000)
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<ReturnUnconstrained>
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>>> proj.unhook(0x10000)
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>>> @proj.hook(0x20000, length=5)
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... def my_hook(state):
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... state.regs.rax = 1
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>>> proj.is_hooked(0x20000)
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True
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```
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Furthermore, you can use `proj.hook_symbol(name, hook)`, providing the name of a symbol as the first argument, to hook the address where the symbol lives
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# Examples
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Other ways to support HackTricks:
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* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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