hacktricks/mobile-pentesting/ios-pentesting/frida-configuration-in-ios.md
2024-12-12 11:39:29 +01:00

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# iOS Frida Configuration
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
Deepen your expertise in **Mobile Security** with 8kSec Academy. Master iOS and Android security through our self-paced courses and get certified:
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## Installing Frida
**Steps to install Frida on a Jailbroken device:**
1. Open Cydia/Sileo app.
2. Navigate to Manage -> Sources -> Edit -> Add.
3. Enter "https://build.frida.re" as the URL.
4. Go to the newly added Frida source.
5. Install the Frida package.
If you are using **Corellium** you will need to download the Frida release from [https://github.com/frida/frida/releases](https://github.com/frida/frida/releases) (`frida-gadget-[yourversion]-ios-universal.dylib.gz`) and unpack and copy to the dylib location Frida asks for, e.g.: `/Users/[youruser]/.cache/frida/gadget-ios.dylib`
After installed, you can use in your PC the command **`frida-ls-devices`** and check that the device appears (your PC needs to be able to access it).\
Execute also **`frida-ps -Uia`** to check the running processes of the phone.
## Frida without Jailbroken device & without patching the app
Check this blog post about how to use Frida in non-jailbroken devices without patching the app: [https://mrbypass.medium.com/unlocking-potential-exploring-frida-objection-on-non-jailbroken-devices-without-application-ed0367a84f07](https://mrbypass.medium.com/unlocking-potential-exploring-frida-objection-on-non-jailbroken-devices-without-application-ed0367a84f07)
## Frida Client Installation
Install **frida tools**:
```bash
pip install frida-tools
pip install frida
```
With the Frida server installed and the device running and connected, **check** if the client is **working**:
```bash
frida-ls-devices # List devices
frida-ps -Uia # Get running processes
```
## Frida Trace
```bash
# Functions
## Trace all functions with the word "log" in their name
frida-trace -U <program> -i "*log*"
frida-trace -U <program> -i "*log*" | swift demangle # Demangle names
# Objective-C
## Trace all methods of all classes
frida-trace -U <program> -m "*[* *]"
## Trace all methods with the word "authentication" from classes that start with "NE"
frida-trace -U <program> -m "*[NE* *authentication*]"
# Plug-In
## To hook a plugin that is momentarely executed prepare Frida indicating the ID of the Plugin binary
frida-trace -U -W <if-plugin-bin> -m '*[* *]'
```
### Get all classes and methods
* Auto complete: Just execute `frida -U <program>`
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1159).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
* Get **all** available **classes** (filter by string)
{% code title="/tmp/script.js" %}
```javascript
// frida -U <program> -l /tmp/script.js
var filterClass = "filterstring";
if (ObjC.available) {
for (var className in ObjC.classes) {
if (ObjC.classes.hasOwnProperty(className)) {
if (!filterClass || className.includes(filterClass)) {
console.log(className);
}
}
}
} else {
console.log("Objective-C runtime is not available.");
}
```
{% endcode %}
* Get **all** **methods** of a **class** (filter by string)
{% code title="/tmp/script.js" %}
```javascript
// frida -U <program> -l /tmp/script.js
var specificClass = "YourClassName";
var filterMethod = "filtermethod";
if (ObjC.available) {
if (ObjC.classes.hasOwnProperty(specificClass)) {
var methods = ObjC.classes[specificClass].$ownMethods;
for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
if (!filterMethod || methods[i].includes(filterClass)) {
console.log(specificClass + ': ' + methods[i]);
}
}
} else {
console.log("Class not found.");
}
} else {
console.log("Objective-C runtime is not available.");
}
```
{% endcode %}
* **Call a function**
```javascript
// Find the address of the function to call
const func_addr = Module.findExportByName("<Prog Name>", "<Func Name>");
// Declare the function to call
const func = new NativeFunction(
func_addr,
"void", ["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"], {
});
var arg0 = null;
// In this case to call this function we need to intercept a call to it to copy arg0
Interceptor.attach(wg_log_addr, {
onEnter: function(args) {
arg0 = new NativePointer(args[0]);
}
});
// Wait untill a call to the func occurs
while (! arg0) {
Thread.sleep(1);
console.log("waiting for ptr");
}
var arg1 = Memory.allocUtf8String('arg1');
var txt = Memory.allocUtf8String('Some text for arg2');
wg_log(arg0, arg1, txt);
console.log("loaded");
```
## Frida Fuzzing
### Frida Stalker
[From the docs](https://frida.re/docs/stalker/): Stalker is Fridas code **tracing engine**. It allows threads to be **followed**, **capturing** every function, **every block**, even every instruction which is executed.
You have an example implementing Frida Stalker in [https://github.com/poxyran/misc/blob/master/frida-stalker-example.py](https://github.com/poxyran/misc/blob/master/frida-stalker-example.py)
This is another example to attach Frida Stalker every time a function is called:
```javascript
console.log("loading");
const wg_log_addr = Module.findExportByName("<Program>", "<function_name>");
const wg_log = new NativeFunction(
wg_log_addr,
"void", ["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"], {
});
Interceptor.attach(wg_log_addr, {
onEnter: function(args) {
console.log(`logging the following message: ${args[2].readCString()}`);
Stalker.follow({
events: {
// only collect coverage for newly encountered blocks
compile: true,
},
onReceive: function (events) {
const bbs = Stalker.parse(events, {
stringify: false,
annotate: false
});
console.log("Stalker trace of write_msg_to_log: \n" + bbs.flat().map(DebugSymbol.fromAddress).join('\n'));
}
});
},
onLeave: function(retval) {
Stalker.unfollow();
Stalker.flush(); // this is important to get all events
}
});
```
{% hint style="danger" %}
This is interesting from debugging purposes but for fuzzing, to be constantly **`.follow()`** and **`.unfollow()`** is very inefficient.
{% endhint %}
## [Fpicker](https://github.com/ttdennis/fpicker)
[**fpicker**](https://github.com/ttdennis/fpicker) is a **Frida-based fuzzing suite** that offers a variety of fuzzing modes for in-process fuzzing, such as an AFL++ mode or a passive tracing mode. It should run on all platforms that are supported by Frida.
* [**Install fpicker**](https://github.com/ttdennis/fpicker#requirements-and-installation) **& radamsa**
```bash
# Get fpicker
git clone https://github.com/ttdennis/fpicker
cd fpicker
# Get Frida core devkit and prepare fpicker
wget https://github.com/frida/frida/releases/download/16.1.4/frida-core-devkit-16.1.4-[yourOS]-[yourarchitecture].tar.xz
# e.g. https://github.com/frida/frida/releases/download/16.1.4/frida-core-devkit-16.1.4-macos-arm64.tar.xz
tar -xf ./*tar.xz
cp libfrida-core.a libfrida-core-[yourOS].a #libfrida-core-macos.a
# Install fpicker
make fpicker-[yourOS] # fpicker-macos
# This generates ./fpicker
# Install radamsa (fuzzer generator)
brew install radamsa
```
* **Prepare the FS:**
```bash
# From inside fpicker clone
mkdir -p examples/wg-log # Where the fuzzing script will be
mkdir -p examples/wg-log/out # For code coverage and crashes
mkdir -p examples/wg-log/in # For starting inputs
# Create at least 1 input for the fuzzer
echo Hello World > examples/wg-log/in/0
```
* **Fuzzer script** (`examples/wg-log/myfuzzer.js`):
{% code title="examples/wg-log/myfuzzer.js" %}
```javascript
// Import the fuzzer base class
import { Fuzzer } from "../../harness/fuzzer.js";
class WGLogFuzzer extends Fuzzer {
constructor() {
console.log("WGLogFuzzer constructor called")
// Get and declare the function we are going to fuzz
var wg_log_addr = Module.findExportByName("<Program name>", "<func name to fuzz>");
var wg_log_func = new NativeFunction(
wg_log_addr,
"void", ["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"], {
});
// Initialize the object
super("<Program nane>", wg_log_addr, wg_log_func);
this.wg_log_addr = wg_log_addr; // We cannot use "this" before calling "super"
console.log("WGLogFuzzer in the middle");
// Prepare the second argument to pass to the fuzz function
this.tag = Memory.allocUtf8String("arg2");
// Get the first argument we need to pass from a call to the functino we want to fuzz
var wg_log_global_ptr = null;
console.log(this.wg_log_addr);
Interceptor.attach(this.wg_log_addr, {
onEnter: function(args) {
console.log("Entering in the function to get the first argument");
wg_log_global_ptr = new NativePointer(args[0]);
}
});
while (! wg_log_global_ptr) {
Thread.sleep(1)
}
this.wg_log_global_ptr = wg_log_global_ptr;
console.log("WGLogFuzzer prepare ended")
}
// This function is called by the fuzzer with the first argument being a pointer into memory
// where the payload is stored and the second the length of the input.
fuzz(payload, len) {
// Get a pointer to payload being a valid C string (with a null byte at the end)
var payload_cstring = payload.readCString(len);
this.payload = Memory.allocUtf8String(payload_cstring);
// Debug and fuzz
this.debug_log(this.payload, len);
// Pass the 2 first arguments we know the function needs and finally the payload to fuzz
this.target_function(this.wg_log_global_ptr, this.tag, this.payload);
}
}
const f = new WGLogFuzzer();
rpc.exports.fuzzer = f;
```
{% endcode %}
* **Compile** the fuzzer:
```bash
# From inside fpicker clone
## Compile from "myfuzzer.js" to "harness.js"
frida-compile examples/wg-log/myfuzzer.js -o harness.js
```
* Call fuzzer **`fpicker`** using **`radamsa`**:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Indicate fpicker to fuzz a program with the harness.js script and which folders to use
fpicker -v --fuzzer-mode active -e attach -p <Program to fuzz> -D usb -o examples/wg-log/out/ -i examples/wg-log/in/ -f harness.js --standalone-mutator cmd --mutator-command "radamsa"
# You can find code coverage and crashes in examples/wg-log/out/
```
{% endcode %}
{% hint style="danger" %}
In this case we **aren't restarting the app or restoring the state** after each payload. So, if Frida finds a **crash** the **next inputs** after that payload might also **crash the app** (because the app is in a unstable state) even if the **input shouldn't crash** the app.
Moreover, Frida will hook into exception signals of iOS, so when **Frida finds a crash**, probably an **iOS crash reports won't be generated**.
To prevent this, for example, we could restart the app after each Frida crash.
{% endhint %}
### Logs & Crashes
You can check the **macOS console** or the **`log`** cli to check macOS logs.\
You can check also the logs from iOS using **`idevicesyslog`**.\
Some logs will omit information adding **`<private>`**. To show all the info you need to install some profile from [https://developer.apple.com/bug-reporting/profiles-and-logs/](https://developer.apple.com/bug-reporting/profiles-and-logs/) to enable that private info.
If you don't know what to do:
```sh
vim /Library/Preferences/Logging/com.apple.system.logging.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Enable-Private-Data</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>
killall -9 logd
```
You can check the crashes in:
* **iOS**
* Settings → Privacy → Analytics & Improvements → Analytics Data
* `/private/var/mobile/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/`
* **macOS**:
* `/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/`
* `~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports`
{% hint style="warning" %}
iOS only stores 25 crashes of the same app, so you need to clean that or iOS will stop creating crashes.
{% endhint %}
## Frida Android Tutorials
{% content-ref url="../android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/" %}
[frida-tutorial](../android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/)
{% endcontent-ref %}
## References
* [https://www.briskinfosec.com/blogs/blogsdetail/Getting-Started-with-Frida](https://www.briskinfosec.com/blogs/blogsdetail/Getting-Started-with-Frida)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
Deepen your expertise in **Mobile Security** with 8kSec Academy. Master iOS and Android security through our self-paced courses and get certified:
{% embed url="https://academy.8ksec.io/" %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details>
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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</details>
{% endhint %}