hacktricks/physical-attacks/escaping-from-gui-applications/README.md

Escaping from KIOSKs

Check for possible actions inside the GUI application

Common Dialogs are those options of saving a file, opening a file, selecting a font, a color... Most of them will offer a full Explorer functionality. This means that you will be able to access Explorer functionalities if you can access these options:

• Close/Close as
• Open/Open with
• Print
• Export/Import
• Search
• Scan

You should check if you can:

• Modify or create new files
• Create symbolic links
• Get access to restricted areas
• Execute other apps

Command Execution

Maybe using a Open with option you can open/execute some kind of shell.

Windows

For example cmd.exe, command.com, Powershell/Powershell ISE, mmc.exe, at.exe, taskschd.msc... find more binaries that can be used to execute commands (and perform unexpected actions) here: https://lolbas-project.github.io/

*NIX __

bash, sh, zsh... More here: https://gtfobins.github.io/

Windows

Bypassing path restrictions

• Environment variables: There are a lot of environment variables that are pointing to some path
• Other protocols: about:, data:, ftp:, file:, mailto:, news:, res:, telnet:, view-source:
• Symbolic links
• Shortcuts: CTRL+N (open new session), CTRL+R (Execute Commands), CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Task Manager), Windows+E (open explorer), CTRL-B, CTRL-I (Favourites), CTRL-H (History), CTRL-L, CTRL-O (File/Open Dialog), CTRL-P (Print Dialog), CTRL-S (Save As)
  • Hidden Administrative menu: CTRL-ALT-F8, CTRL-ESC-F9
• Shell URIs: shell:Administrative Tools, shell:DocumentsLibrary, shell:Librariesshell:UserProfiles, shell:Personal, shell:SearchHomeFolder, shell:Systemshell:NetworkPlacesFolder, shell:SendTo, shell:UsersProfiles, shell:Common Administrative Tools, shell:MyComputerFolder, shell:InternetFolder
• UNC paths: Paths to connect to shared folders. You should try to connect to the C$ of the local machine ("\\127.0.0.1\c$\Windows\System32")
  • More UNC paths:

UNC	UNC	UNC
%ALLUSERSPROFILE%	%APPDATA%	%CommonProgramFiles%
%COMMONPROGRAMFILES(x86)%	%COMPUTERNAME%	%COMSPEC%
%HOMEDRIVE%	%HOMEPATH%	%LOCALAPPDATA%
%LOGONSERVER%	%PATH%	%PATHEXT%
%ProgramData%	%ProgramFiles%	%ProgramFiles(x86)%
%PROMPT%	%PSModulePath%	%Public%
%SYSTEMDRIVE%	%SYSTEMROOT%	%TEMP%
%TMP%	%USERDOMAIN%	%USERNAME%
%USERPROFILE%	%WINDIR%

Download Your Binaries

Console: https://sourceforge.net/projects/console/
Explorer: https://sourceforge.net/projects/explorerplus/files/Explorer%2B%2B/
Registry editor: https://sourceforge.net/projects/uberregedit/

Accessing filesystem from the browser

PATH	PATH	PATH	PATH
File:/C:/windows	File:/C:/windows/	File:/C:/windows\	File:/C:\windows
File:/C:\windows\	File:/C:\windows/	File://C:/windows	File://C:/windows/
File://C:/windows\	File://C:\windows	File://C:\windows/	File://C:\windows\
C:/windows	C:/windows/	C:/windows\	C:\windows
C:\windows\	C:\windows/	%WINDIR%	%TMP%
%TEMP%	%SYSTEMDRIVE%	%SYSTEMROOT%	%APPDATA%
%HOMEDRIVE%	%HOMESHARE

ShortCuts

• Sticky Keys – Press SHIFT 5 times
• Mouse Keys – SHIFT+ALT+NUMLOCK
• High Contrast – SHIFT+ALT+PRINTSCN
• Toggle Keys – Hold NUMLOCK for 5 seconds
• Filter Keys – Hold right SHIFT for 12 seconds
• WINDOWS+F1 – Windows Search
• WINDOWS+D – Show Desktop
• WINDOWS+E – Launch Windows Explorer
• WINDOWS+R – Run
• WINDOWS+U – Ease of Access Centre
• WINDOWS+F – Search
• SHIFT+F10 – Context Menu
• CTRL+SHIFT+ESC – Task Manager
• CTRL+ALT+DEL – Splash screen on newer Windows versions
• F1 – Help F3 – Search
• F6 – Address Bar
• F11 – Toggle full screen within Internet Explorer
• CTRL+H – Internet Explorer History
• CTRL+T – Internet Explorer – New Tab
• CTRL+N – Internet Explorer – New Page
• CTRL+O – Open File
• CTRL+S – Save CTRL+N – New RDP / Citrix

Swipes

• Swipe from the left side to the right to see all open Windows, minimizing the KIOSK app and accessing the whole OS directly;
• Swipe from the right side to the left to open Action Center, minimizing the KIOSK app and accessing the whole OS directly;
• Swipe in from the top edge to make the title bar visible for an app opened in full screen mode;
• Swipe up from the bottom to show the taskbar in a full screen app.

Internet Explorer Tricks

'Image Toolbar'

It's a toolbar that appears on the top-left of image when it's clicked. You will be able to Save, Print, Mailto, Open "My Pictures" in Explorer. The Kiosk needs to be using Internet Explorer.

Shell Protocol

Type this URLs to obtain an Explorer view:

• shell:Administrative Tools
• shell:DocumentsLibrary
• shell:Libraries
• shell:UserProfiles
• shell:Personal
• shell:SearchHomeFolder
• shell:NetworkPlacesFolder
• shell:SendTo
• shell:UserProfiles
• shell:Common Administrative Tools
• shell:MyComputerFolder
• shell:InternetFolder
• Shell:Profile
• Shell:ProgramFiles
• Shell:System
• Shell:ControlPanelFolder
• Shell:Windows
• shell:::{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} --> Control Panel
• shell:::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D} --> My Computer
• shell:::{{208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}} --> My Network Places
• shell:::{871C5380-42A0-1069-A2EA-08002B30309D} --> Internet Explorer

Browsers tricks

Backup iKat versions:

http://swin.es/k/
http://www.ikat.kronicd.net/\

Create a common dialog using JavaScript and access file explorer: document.write('<input/type=file>')
Source: https://medium.com/@Rend_/give-me-a-browser-ill-give-you-a-shell-de19811defa0

iPad

Gestures and bottoms

Swipe up with four (or five) fingers / Double-tap Home button

To view the multitask view and change App

Swipe one way or another with four or five fingers

In order to change to the next/last App

Pinch the screen with five fingers / Touch Home button / Swipe up with 1 finger from the bottom of the screen in a quick motion to the up

To access Home

Swipe one finger from the bottom of the screen just 1-2 inches (slow)

The dock will appear

Swipe down from the top of the display with 1 finger

To view your notifications

Swipe down with 1 finger the top-right corner of the screen

To see iPad Pro's control centre

Swipe 1 finger from the left of the screen 1-2 inches

To see Today view

Swipe fast 1 finger from the centre of the screen to the right or left

To change to next/last App

Press and hold the On/Off/Sleep button at the upper-right corner of the iPad + Move the Slide to power off slider all the way to the right,

To power off

Press the On/Off/Sleep button at the upper-right corner of the iPad and the Home button for a few second

To force a hard power off

Press the On/Off/Sleep button at the upper-right corner of the iPad and the Home button quickly

To take a screenshot that will pop up in the lower left of the display. Press both buttons at the same time very briefly as if you hold them a few seconds a hard power off will be performed.

Shortcuts

You should have an iPad keyboard or a USB keyboard adaptor. Only shortcuts that could help escaping from the application will be shown here.

Key	Name
⌘	Command
⌥	Option (Alt)
⇧	Shift
↩	Return
⇥	Tab
^	Control
←	Left Arrow
→	Right Arrow
↑	Up Arrow
↓	Down Arrow

System shortcuts

These shortcuts are for the visual settings and sound settings, depending on the use of the iPad.

Shortcut	Action
F1	Dim Sscreen
F2	Brighten screen
F7	Back one song
F8	Play/pause
F9	Skip song
F10	Mute
F11	Decrease volume
F12	Increase volume
⌘ Space	Display a list of available languages; to choose one, tap the space bar again.

iPad navigation

Shortcut	Action
⌘H	Go to Home
⌘⇧H (Command-Shift-H)	Go to Home
⌘ (Space)	Open Spotlight
⌘⇥ (Command-Tab)	List last ten used apps
⌘~	Go t the last App
⌘⇧3 (Command-Shift-3)	Screenshot (hovers in bottom left to save or act on it)
⌘⇧4	Screenshot and open it in the editor
Press and hold ⌘	List of shortcuts available for the App
⌘⌥D (Command-Option/Alt-D)	Brings up the dock
^⌥H (Control-Option-H)	Home button
^⌥H H (Control-Option-H-H)	Show multitask bar
^⌥I (Control-Option-i)	Item chooser
Escape	Back button
→ (Right arrow)	Next item
← (Left arrow)	Previous item
↑↓ (Up arrow, Down arrow)	Simultaneously tap selected item
⌥ ↓ (Option-Down arrow)	Scroll down
⌥↑ (Option-Up arrow)	Scroll up
⌥← or ⌥→ (Option-Left arrow or Option-Right arrow)	Scroll left or right
^⌥S (Control-Option-S)	Turn VoiceOver speech on or off
⌘⇧⇥ (Command-Shift-Tab)	Switch to the previous app
⌘⇥ (Command-Tab)	Switch back to the original app
←+→, then Option + ← or Option+→	Navigate through Dock

Safari shortcuts

Shortcut	Action
⌘L (Command-L)	Open Location
⌘T	Open a new tab
⌘W	Close the current tab
⌘R	Refresh the current tab
⌘.	Stop loading the current tab
^⇥	Switch to the next tab
^⇧⇥ (Control-Shift-Tab)	Move to the previous tab
⌘L	Select the text input/URL field to modify it
⌘⇧T (Command-Shift-T)	Open last closed tab (can be used several times)
⌘[	Goes back one page in your browsing history
⌘]	Goes forward one page in your browsing history
⌘⇧R	Activate Reader Mode

Mail shortcuts

Shortcut	Action
⌘L	Open Location
⌘T	Open a new tab
⌘W	Close the current tab
⌘R	Refresh the current tab
⌘.	Stop loading the current tab
⌘⌥F (Command-Option/Alt-F)	Search in your mailbox

References

• https://www.macworld.com/article/2975857/6-only-for-ipad-gestures-you-need-to-know.html
• https://www.tomsguide.com/us/ipad-shortcuts,news-18205.html
• https://thesweetsetup.com/best-ipad-keyboard-shortcuts/
• http://www.iphonehacks.com/2018/03/ipad-keyboard-shortcuts.html