mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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232 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
232 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Mbinu za Stego
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Jifunze na zoezi la AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**Mafunzo ya HackTricks ya Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Jifunze na zoezi la GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**Mafunzo ya HackTricks ya Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya GCP (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>unga mkono HackTricks</summary>
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* Angalia [**mpango wa michango**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Shiriki mbinu za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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**Kikundi cha Usalama cha Try Hard**
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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***
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## **Kuchambua Data kutoka kwa Faili**
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### **Binwalk**
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Zana ya kutafuta faili za binary kwa faili zilizofichwa na data. Inasakinishwa kupitia `apt` na chanzo chake kinapatikana kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk).
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```bash
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binwalk file # Displays the embedded data
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binwalk -e file # Extracts the data
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binwalk --dd ".*" file # Extracts all data
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```
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### **Kwanza kabisa**
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Inapata faili kulingana na vichwa vyao na miguu, inayofaa kwa picha za png. Imewekwa kupitia `apt` na chanzo chake kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/korczis/foremost).
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```bash
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foremost -i file # Extracts data
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```
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### **Exiftool**
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Inasaidia kuangalia metadata ya faili, inapatikana [hapa](https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/).
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```bash
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exiftool file # Shows the metadata
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```
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### **Exiv2**
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Sawa na exiftool, kwa kuangalia metadata. Inaweza kusakinishwa kupitia `apt`, chanzo kiko kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2), na ina tovuti rasmi kwenye [website](http://www.exiv2.org/).
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```bash
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exiv2 file # Shows the metadata
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```
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### **Faili**
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Tambua aina ya faili unayoshughulika nayo.
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### **Maneno**
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Chambua maneno yanayoweza kusomwa kutoka kwenye faili, ukitumia mipangilio mbalimbali ya uendeshaji ili kuchuja matokeo.
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```bash
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strings -n 6 file # Extracts strings with a minimum length of 6
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strings -n 6 file | head -n 20 # First 20 strings
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strings -n 6 file | tail -n 20 # Last 20 strings
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strings -e s -n 6 file # 7bit strings
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strings -e S -n 6 file # 8bit strings
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strings -e l -n 6 file # 16bit strings (little-endian)
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strings -e b -n 6 file # 16bit strings (big-endian)
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strings -e L -n 6 file # 32bit strings (little-endian)
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strings -e B -n 6 file # 32bit strings (big-endian)
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```
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### **Kulinganisha (cmp)**
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Inatumika kulinganisha faili iliyobadilishwa na toleo lake la asili lililopatikana mtandaoni.
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```bash
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cmp original.jpg stego.jpg -b -l
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```
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## **Kuondoa Data Iliyofichwa kwenye Matini**
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### **Data Iliyofichwa kwenye Nafasi**
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Vipengele visivyoonekana kwenye nafasi zisizo na maudhui yanaweza kuficha taarifa. Ili kuondoa data hii, tembelea [https://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/unicode-steganography-homoglyph-encoder](https://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/unicode-steganography-homoglyph-encoder).
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## **Kuondoa Data kutoka kwenye Picha**
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### **Kutambua Maelezo ya Picha kwa Kutumia GraphicMagick**
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[GraphicMagick](https://imagemagick.org/script/download.php) inatumika kutambua aina za faili za picha na kutambua uharibifu wa picha. Tekeleza amri ifuatayo kuangalia picha:
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```bash
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./magick identify -verbose stego.jpg
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```
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Kujaribu kurekebisha picha iliyoharibika, kuongeza maoni ya metadata inaweza kusaidia:
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```bash
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./magick mogrify -set comment 'Extraneous bytes removed' stego.jpg
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```
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### **Steghide kwa Kuficha Data**
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Steghide inarahisisha kuficha data ndani ya faili za `JPEG, BMP, WAV, na AU`, inayoweza kuingiza na kutoa data iliyofichwa kwa njia ya kielelezo. Usakinishaji ni wa moja kwa moja kwa kutumia `apt`, na [micho yake ya chanzo inapatikana kwenye GitHub](https://github.com/StefanoDeVuono/steghide).
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**Amri:**
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* `steghide info file` inaonyesha ikiwa faili ina data iliyofichwa.
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* `steghide extract -sf file [--passphrase password]` inatoa data iliyofichwa, nenosiri ni hiari.
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Kwa uchimbaji wa wavuti, tembelea [tovuti hii](https://futureboy.us/stegano/decinput.html).
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**Shambulio la Kuforce la Stegcracker:**
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* Ili kujaribu kuvunja nenosiri kwenye Steghide, tumia [stegcracker](https://github.com/Paradoxis/StegCracker.git) kama ifuatavyo:
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```bash
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stegcracker <file> [<wordlist>]
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```
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### **zsteg kwa Faili za PNG na BMP**
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zsteg inajitolea katika kufunua data iliyofichwa katika faili za PNG na BMP. Usanidi unafanywa kupitia `gem install zsteg`, na chanzo chake kiko kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/zed-0xff/zsteg).
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**Amri:**
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* `zsteg -a faili` inatumia njia zote za ugunduzi kwenye faili.
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* `zsteg -E faili` inabainisha mzigo wa data kwa uchimbaji.
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### **StegoVeritas na Stegsolve**
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**stegoVeritas** huchunguza metadata, hufanya mabadiliko ya picha, na kutumia nguvu ya LSB miongoni mwa sifa zingine. Tumia `stegoveritas.py -h` kwa orodha kamili ya chaguo na `stegoveritas.py stego.jpg` kutekeleza uchunguzi wote.
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**Stegsolve** inatumia vichujio vya rangi mbalimbali kufunua maandishi au ujumbe uliofichwa ndani ya picha. Inapatikana kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/eugenekolo/sec-tools/tree/master/stego/stegsolve/stegsolve).
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### **FFT kwa Ugunduzi wa Yaliyofichwa**
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Mbinu za Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) zinaweza kufunua yaliyofichwa katika picha. Vyanzo muhimu ni pamoja na:
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* [Demos ya EPFL](http://bigwww.epfl.ch/demo/ip/demos/FFT/)
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* [Ejectamenta](https://www.ejectamenta.com/Fourifier-fullscreen/)
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* [FFTStegPic kwenye GitHub](https://github.com/0xcomposure/FFTStegPic)
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### **Stegpy kwa Faili za Sauti na Picha**
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Stegpy inaruhusu kuingiza habari kwenye faili za picha na sauti, ikisaidia muundo kama PNG, BMP, GIF, WebP, na WAV. Inapatikana kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/dhsdshdhk/stegpy).
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### **Pngcheck kwa Uchambuzi wa Faili za PNG**
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Kufanya uchambuzi wa faili za PNG au kuthibitisha uhalali wao, tumia:
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```bash
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apt-get install pngcheck
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pngcheck stego.png
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```
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### **Zana Zaidi kwa Uchambuzi wa Picha**
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Kwa uchunguzi zaidi, tafadhali tembelea:
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* [Magic Eye Solver](http://magiceye.ecksdee.co.uk/)
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* [Uchambuzi wa Kiwango cha Hitilafu ya Picha](https://29a.ch/sandbox/2012/imageerrorlevelanalysis/)
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* [Outguess](https://github.com/resurrecting-open-source-projects/outguess)
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* [OpenStego](https://www.openstego.com/)
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* [DIIT](https://diit.sourceforge.net/)
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## **Kuchambua Data kutoka kwenye Audios**
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**Steganografia ya sauti** inatoa njia ya kipekee ya kuficha habari ndani ya faili za sauti. Zana tofauti hutumiwa kwa kuingiza au kupata maudhui yaliyofichwa.
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### **Steghide (JPEG, BMP, WAV, AU)**
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Steghide ni zana yenye uwezo wa kuficha data katika faili za JPEG, BMP, WAV, na AU. Maelekezo ya kina yanapatikana katika [hati ya mbinu za stego](stego-tricks.md#steghide).
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### **Stegpy (PNG, BMP, GIF, WebP, WAV)**
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Zana hii inaweza kutumika na aina mbalimbali za muundo ikiwa ni pamoja na PNG, BMP, GIF, WebP, na WAV. Kwa maelezo zaidi, tazama [sehemu ya Stegpy](stego-tricks.md#stegpy-png-bmp-gif-webp-wav).
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### **ffmpeg**
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ffmpeg ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kutathmini uadilifu wa faili za sauti, kutoa maelezo ya kina na kutambua tofauti yoyote.
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```bash
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ffmpeg -v info -i stego.mp3 -f null -
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```
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### **WavSteg (WAV)**
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WavSteg inafanya vizuri katika kuficha na kutoa data ndani ya faili za WAV kwa kutumia mkakati wa biti isiyo muhimu zaidi. Inapatikana kwenye [GitHub](https://github.com/ragibson/Steganography#WavSteg). Amri zinajumuisha:
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```bash
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python3 WavSteg.py -r -b 1 -s soundfile -o outputfile
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python3 WavSteg.py -r -b 2 -s soundfile -o outputfile
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```
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### **Deepsound**
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Deepsound inaruhusu kusimbwa na kugunduliwa kwa habari ndani ya faili za sauti kwa kutumia AES-256. Inaweza kupakuliwa kutoka [ukurasa rasmi](http://jpinsoft.net/deepsound/download.aspx).
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### **Sonic Visualizer**
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Zana muhimu kwa uchunguzi wa kivisuali na kianalitiki wa faili za sauti, Sonic Visualizer inaweza kufunua vipengele vilivyofichwa visivyoweza kugunduliwa kwa njia nyingine. Tembelea [tovuti rasmi](https://www.sonicvisualiser.org/) kwa maelezo zaidi.
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### **DTMF Tones - Dial Tones**
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Kugundua sauti za DTMF katika faili za sauti kunaweza kufikiwa kupitia zana za mtandaoni kama [hii DTMF detector](https://unframework.github.io/dtmf-detect/) na [DialABC](http://dialabc.com/sound/detect/index.html).
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## **Mbinu Nyingine**
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### **Urefu wa Binary SQRT - Msimbo wa QR**
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Data ya binary ambayo inapimwa kwa mraba wa nambari kamili inaweza kuwakilisha msimbo wa QR. Tumia kificho hiki kuangalia:
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```python
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import math
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math.sqrt(2500) #50
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```
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### **Tafsiri ya Braille**
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Kwa kutafsiri Braille, [Mwandishi wa Braille wa Branah](https://www.branah.com/braille-translator) ni rasilimali nzuri.
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## **Vyanzo**
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* [**https://0xrick.github.io/lists/stego/**](https://0xrick.github.io/lists/stego/)
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* [**https://github.com/DominicBreuker/stego-toolkit**](https://github.com/DominicBreuker/stego-toolkit)
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**Kikundi cha Usalama cha Try Hard**
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Jifunze & zoezi la Udukuzi wa AWS:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**Mafunzo ya HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Jifunze & zoezi la Udukuzi wa GCP: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**Mafunzo ya HackTricks GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Angalia [**mpango wa usajili**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Shiriki mbinu za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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